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Erfani H, Ghorbani GR, Hashemzadeh F, Ghasemi E, Khademi AR, Naderi N, Drackley JK. Effects of complete substitution of dietary grain and protein sources with by-products on the production performance of mid-lactation dairy cows fed diets based on barley silage under heat-stress conditions. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1993-2010. [PMID: 37709014 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of replacing cereal grains and soybean meal with by-products (BY) on production performance, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, nutrient recovery, and eating and chewing behavior of moderate-producing dairy cows under heat-stress conditions. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows (116.7 ± 12.01 d in milk; 42.7 ± 5.06 kg/d milk yield; 665 ± 77 kg body weight; mean ± SD) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square with 28-d periods (21 d for diet adaptation and 7 d for sampling and data collection). Cows were fed a total mixed ration containing a 39.2:60.8 ratio of forage to concentrate throughout the experiment. All diets were formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous, with different concentrates. Diets were (1) control diet based on cereal grains (CON: ground corn and ground barley, plus soybean meal); (2) sugar-rich BY diet (S-BY-CM: beet pulp, citrus pulp, and liquid molasses, plus canola meal); and (3) cereal grain BY diet (CG-BY: rice bran, corn germ meal, wheat bran, barley sprout, and broken corn). Our results showed that replacing grains with BY increased neutral detergent fiber intake and digestibility but decreased starch intake, human-edible energy, and human-edible protein. Milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI) decreased more in cows fed the CG-BY diet compared with the other 2 treatments. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the CON and S-BY-CM diets in terms of milk yield and DMI. The S-BY-CM diet increased energy-corrected milk production compared with the CG-BY diet (36.2 vs. 34.3 kg/d), but CG-BY enhanced feed conversion efficiency compared with the other 2 treatments. Although the S-BY-CM diet prolonged the eating and sorting of small particles, neither of the dietary treatments affected chewing activity or ruminal pH 4 h after feeding. Furthermore, both diets containing BY contributed to an increase in milk fat content in comparison to the CON group. Additionally, the CG-BY and S-BY-CM diets demonstrated better performance than the CON diet in terms of human-edible feed conversion efficiency for protein and energy. The results indicated that S-BY-CM can completely replace barley and corn grain in the diet of mid-lactating dairy cows exposed to heat-stress conditions without any negative effect on production and ruminal pH. However, the inclusion of CG-BY did impair DMI, milk yield, and digestibility of nutrients and is not recommended during heat-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Erfani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - G R Ghorbani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - F Hashemzadeh
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - E Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - A R Khademi
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
| | - N Naderi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - J K Drackley
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801.
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Zakariya MR, Ghasemi E, Hashemzadeh F, Ghorbani GR, Ahmadi F. Does vitamin C supplementation in milk improve growth and health of diarrheic calves? Prev Vet Med 2024; 224:106122. [PMID: 38241900 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate how supplementing vitamin C (VC) in milk affects growth, starter intake, blood metabolites, and the health of young calves classified into healthy or diarrheic groups. Calves were classified as diarrheic if they experienced diarrhea for at least 3 days from birth to day 7, otherwise, they were classified as healthy (i.e., days with diarrhea < 3). From day 8 of age, a total of 48 Holstein calves were divided into four groups based on a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with calf health status (healthy or diarrheic) and VC supplementation (VC+ or VC-) to pasteurized milk (0 or 2 g/d; 50% purity) being the main experimental factors. Calves were fed equal amounts of milk until weaning (d 60). Calves continued to be monitored until they reached 74 days of age. Calves in the VC+ group were heavier at weaning (74.3 vs. 72.2 kg; P = 0.04) compared to those calves that did not receive VC. Blood total antioxidant capacity (d 53 and 67) and superoxide dismutase activity (d 53) were greater (P < 0.01) in VC+ vs. VC- calves. Calf health status and VC supplementation interacted (P = 0.03) for blood β-hydroxybutyrate on d 53, with the lowest concentration observed in diarrheic/VC- calves. Calves in the diarrheic group had a lower total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.01) but a greater neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on d 53 and 67 (P < 0.01) than calves in the healthy group. Before weaning (d 53), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was greater, but hemoglobin was lower (P = 0.02) in calves classified into the diarrheic group that did not receive supplemental VC. The number of days medicated for diarrhea treatment was lower in VC+ calves than those in VC- group (1.73 vs. 2.47 days; P = 0.05). Overall, VC supplementation in pasteurized milk improved calf growth and health. Calves that experienced elevated episodes of diarrhea within the first week of life benefited more from supplemental VC than those classified into the healthy group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Zakariya
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - E Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - F Hashemzadeh
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - G R Ghorbani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - F Ahmadi
- Department of Eco-Friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, South Korea; School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Akhlaghi B, Ghasemi E, Alikhani M, Ghaedi A, Nasrollahi SM, Ghaffari MH. Influence of reducing starch in the diets with similar protein and energy contents on lactation performance, ruminal fermentation, digestibility, behaviour and blood metabolites in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:808-821. [PMID: 35075819 PMCID: PMC8959297 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is not clearly known whether parity can affect the outcomes of starch reduction in the diet of lactating dairy cows. Introduction A 2 × 2 factorial study was conducted to evaluate the effects of reducing starch in the diets with similar protein and energy contents on lactation performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, behaviour and blood metabolites in primiparous (PP) and multiparous (MP) dairy cows. Methods Twenty PP cows (DIM = 37 ± 10; 40 ± 5 kg/day of milk; mean ± SD) and 20 MP cows (DIM = 37 ± 9; 48 ± 5 kg/day of milk) were used in present study. Treatments were a factorial arrangement of two levels of starch (high vs. low) and two parity categories (PP vs. MP): (1) high‐starch diet (29.2% ± 0.70) and PP cows (HS‐PP); (2) low‐starch diet (22.3% ± 0.52) and PP cows (LS‐PP); (3) high‐starch diet and MP cows (HS‐MP) and (4) low‐starch diet and MP cows (LS‐MP). All diets were formulated to be similar in crude protein (16.1 % of dry matter) and NEL (1.60 Mcal/kg of dry matter) contents. The amount of metabolise protein was 2688 g/day in high‐starch diet and 2728 g/day in low‐starch diet. The experiment was conducted over two consecutive periods and included 4 weeks for adaptation and 3 weeks for data collection. Results Dry matter intake and the yield of milk true protein and lactose increased but milk fat: protein ratio and nutrient digestibility decreased for cows fed the HS diets compared with the LS diets. The ruminal proportion of propionate was greater but acetate, the acetate to propionate ratio and sorting against long particles (19 and 8 mm) were lower for cows fed the HS diets than the LS diets. Multiparous cows had a greater nutrient intake and milk yield, longer rumination meal length, greater BW, but lower plasma total antioxidant capacity, non‐esterified fatty acids, faeces pH compared with PP cows. An interaction between parity and the dietary level of starch was detected on feed efficiency measured as FCM yield/DMI in the way that only within PP cows low‐starch diet was more efficient than HS diets. We found another interaction effect of parity × starch on back fat thickens (BFT) change in the way that only within PP cows BFT change was greater for HS compared with LS diet. Conclusion Overall, regardless of the benefit derived from feeding a reduced‐starch diet by partially replacing grains with sugar beet pulp in the diets on nutrient digestibility, a reduced‐starch diet may be used more efficiently in PP than in MP cows but at expense of body reserves (i.e. BFT) loses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Akhlaghi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - E Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Alikhani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - A Ghaedi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - M H Ghaffari
- Physiology Unit, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Akhlaghi B, Ghasemi E, Alikhani M, Ghaffari M, Razzaghi A. Effects of supplementing pomegranate peel with fatty acid sources on oxidative stress, blood metabolites, and milk production of dairy cows fed high-concentrate diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Ahmadi S, Lotfi S, Afshari S, Kumar P, Ghasemi E. CORAL: Monte Carlo based global QSAR modelling of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors using hybrid descriptors. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2021; 32:1013-1031. [PMID: 34875951 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2021.2003429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global QSAR modelling was performed to predict the pIC50 values of 233 diverse heterocyclic compounds as BTK inhibitors with the Monte Carlo algorithm of CORAL software using the DCW hybrid descriptors extracted from SMILES notations of molecules. The dataset of 233 BTK inhibitors was randomly split into training, invisible training, calibration and validation sets. The index of ideality of correlation was also applied to build and judge the predictability of the QSAR models. Eight global QSAR models based on the hybrid optimal descriptor using two target functions, i.e. TF1 (WIIC = 0) and TF2 (WIIC = 0.2) have been constructed. The statistical parameters of QSAR models computed by TF2 are more reliable and robust and were used to predict the pIC50 values. The model constructed for split 4 via TF2 is regarded as the best model and the numerical values of r2Train, r2Valid, Q2Train and Q2Valid are equal to 0.7981, 0.7429, 0.7898 and 0.6784, respectively. By internal and external validation techniques, the predictability and reliability of the designed models have been assessed. The structural attributes responsible for the increase and decrease of pIC50 of BTK inhibitors were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Lotfi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
| | - S Afshari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - E Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Daneshvar D, Ghasemi E, Hashemzadeh F, Kowsar R, Khorvash M. Feeding diets varying in starch concentration supplemented with palmitic acid or stearic acid: Effects on performance, milk fatty acid profile, and metabolic parameters of postpartum dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Aminorroaya A, Ghasemi E, Shabani M, Rezaei N, Mohammadi E, Fattahi N, Farzadfar F. Global, regional, and national quality of care and burden of ischemic heart disease, 1990 to 2017: results from the GBD study 2017. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sustainable development goal (SDG) target 3.4 aims at reducing premature death from non-communicable diseases including ischemic heart disease (IHD) by one-third by 2030.
Purpose
We aimed to compare the quality of care (QoC) of IHD between countries, genders, and age groups by employing its fatal and non-fatal estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases study 2017 to guide future policy makings for achieving SDGs.
Methods
We employed three epidemiologically meaningful combinations of fatal and non-fatal estimates of IHD: 1) Mortality to incidence ratio. 2) Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) to prevalence ratio. 3) Years of life lost to years lived with disability ratio. In the setting of IHD, the greater these measures, the poorer the QoC of IHD. We summarized these indices by principal component analysis and taking its first principal component as the quality of care index (QCI) scaled from 0 to 100 with the bigger score indicating better QoC. Based on the mean of the socio-demographic index (SDI) of countries between 1990 and 2017, countries were divided into high- and low-SDI groups and their QCIs were compared in different maps (Figure). We defined gender disparity ratio (GDR) as the ratio of female QCI to male QCI for evaluating gender inequity. For evaluation of inequities between age groups, we categorized countries into five groups based on the quintiles of SDI in the year of interest and plotted QCI against age for each group. Statistical analyses were done by R software v3.6.0.
Results
IHD was the fourth contributor to global DALYs in 1990 and climbed to the second rank in 2017. Although all-ages DALYs of IHD increased by 0.6% and was relatively stable, its age-standardized DALYs steadily decreased by 27.7% from 1990 to 2017 worldwide. The global QCI increased by 7.4% from 71.2 in 1990 to 76.4 in 2017. In 2017, the Netherlands, France, Israel, Italy, and Japan had the highest QCI in the world, respectively, and the United States with the QCI of 84.7 was in the third quintile of the high-SDI countries (Figure 1). Peru, Iraq, Thailand, Jamaica, and Saint Lucia had the top five QCIs amongst the low-SDI countries in 2017. The global GDR steadily increased from 1.04 in 1990 to 1.08 in 2017. Most countries of Western Europe, North America, and Australasia have a GDR between 1 and 1.2 in 1990 and 2017. In 1990, the plot of QCI against age demonstrated that QCI of elderlies is lower than other age groups in high, high-middle, and middle SDI countries; nevertheless, this pattern was not evident in low-middle and low SDI countries. Although this difference was disappeared in high SDI countries in 2017, it persisted in high-middle and middle SDI countries.
Conclusions
QoC of IHD has been improved in the last decades; however, it was not consistent between countries, genders, and age groups. These results have implications for monitoring and modifying public health policies toward SDGs and health for all worldwide.
Figure 1. Comparison of QCI of Countries
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aminorroaya
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center,Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - E Ghasemi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center,Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - M Shabani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center,Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - N Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center,Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - E Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center,Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - N Fattahi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center,Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - F Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center,Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
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Nemati M, Hashemzadeh F, Ghorbani GR, Ghasemi E, Khorvash M, Ghaffari MH, Nasrollahi SM. Effects of substitution of beet pulp for barley or corn in the diet of high-producing dairy cows on feeding behavior, performance, and ruminal fermentation. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8829-8840. [PMID: 32828513 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of substituting beet pulp (BP) for different grains (barley or corn) in the diet of high-producing dairy cows on intake, feeding behavior, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, milk production, and feed conversion efficiency. Eight second-parity Holstein cows (62 ± 2 d in milk; milk yield = 54 ± 1.2 kg/d; body weight = 624 ± 26; all mean ± SE) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design during 4 periods of 21 d. Cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments that were a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of 2 grain sources (corn or barley) and 2 levels of BP inclusion [5 or 15% of dry matter (DM)] in the diet: (1) barley-based diet with BP at 5% of dietary DM; (2) barley-based diet with BP at 15% of dietary DM; (3) corn-based diet with BP at 5% of dietary DM; and (4) corn-based diet with BP at 15% of dietary DM. The increasing amount of BP in the diet was at the expense of decreasing an equal proportion of grain (barley or corn). All diets were high in concentrates (65% of diet DM) and formulated to have similar concentrations of energy and protein. The portion of feedstuffs that is potentially able to be consumed by humans is known as human edible. Accordingly, human-edible protein (HEP) and human-edible energy (HEE) inputs were calculated according to the recommended potential human-edible fraction of each dietary ingredient, and HEP and HEE outputs were determined as the amount of gross energy and true protein in the milk. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) for HEP and HEE were expressed as output per input of each variable, whereas FCE for the production of fat-corrected milk (FCM) and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were expressed as the amount of each variable per DM intake. Results showed that substituting BP for grain did not affect DM intake, crude protein intake, or nutrient digestibility, whereas starch intake (5.70 vs. 7.43 kg/d for the low-BP vs. high-BP diets, respectively), HEP (2.34 and 1.92 kg/d), and HEE (186 and 147 MJ of gross energy/d) decreased. Treatments did not affect sorting and chewing activities, but increasing BP in the diet increased ruminal pH at 4 h after feeding (6.20 vs. 6.39) and milk fat content (2.92 vs. 3.15%). Similarly, FCE for ECM production (1.44 vs. 1.54) as well as FCE for HEE (0.653 vs. 0.851) and HEP (0.629 vs. 0.702) were greater in high-BP diets compared with low-BP diets. The interaction of BP and grain sources significantly affected FCE for ECM production, where improvements were more evident when BP was substituted for barley than for corn. The improvement in FCE for HEE was greater when BP was substituted for barley (0.236) rather than corn (0.161). In conclusion, the substitution of BP for barley or corn grains in high-concentrate diets of high-producing cows decreased starch intake, increased ruminal pH at 4 h after feeding, and improved FCE for FCM production. Substitution for barley, rather than for corn, promoted greater FCE for ECM production and HEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nemati
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - F Hashemzadeh
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - G R Ghorbani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - E Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - M Khorvash
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - M H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - S M Nasrollahi
- Young Researchers Club, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81595-185, Iran.
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Ghasemi E, Afkhami Aghda F, Rezvani ME, Shahrokhi Raeini A, Hafizibarjin Z, Zare Mehrjerdi F. Effect of endogenous sulfur dioxide on spatial learning and memory and hippocampal damages in the experimental model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0227/jbcpp-2019-0227.xml. [PMID: 32004146 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The vascular changes due to cerebrovascular damage, especially on the capillaries, play a vital role in causing vascular dementia. Increasing oxidative stress can lead to tissue damage while reducing brain blood flow. The use of factors reducing the oxidative stress level can decrease the brain damages. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the most important air pollutants that lead to the development of severe brain damage in large quantities. However, studies have recently confirmed the protective effect of SO2 in cardiac ischemic injury, atherosclerosis and pulmonary infections. Methods The permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) method was used to induce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Two treatment groups of SO2 were studied. The animal cognitive performance was evaluated using the Morris water maze. Hippocampal tissue damage was examined after 2 months of BCAO. In the biochemical analysis, the activity of catalase and lipid peroxidation of the hippocampus was studied. Results Neuronal damage in hippocampus, as well as cognitive impairment in ischemia groups treated with SO2 showed a significant improvement. Catalase activity was also significantly increased in the hippocampus of treated groups. Conclusions According to the results, SO2 is likely to be effective in reducing the CCH-caused damages by increasing the antioxidant capacity of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Ghasemi
- International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Faezeh Afkhami Aghda
- Neurobiomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ebrahim Rezvani
- Neurobiomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Azadeh Shahrokhi Raeini
- Neurobiomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zeynab Hafizibarjin
- Neurobiomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zare Mehrjerdi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Phone: +98-35-38203412, Fax: +98-35-38203412
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Kahyani A, Ghorbani GR, Alikhani M, Ghasemi E, Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi A, Beauchemin KA, Nasrollahi SM. Performance of dairy cows fed diets with similar proportions of undigested neutral detergent fiber with wheat straw substituted for alfalfa hay, corn silage, or both. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:10903-10915. [PMID: 31548057 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of feeding diets that were formulated to contain similar proportions of undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) from forage, with wheat straw (WS) substituted for corn silage (CS), alfalfa hay (AH), or both. The diets were fed to lactating dairy cows and intake, digestibility, blood metabolites, and milk production were examined. Thirty-two multiparous Holstein cows (body weight = 642 ± 50 kg; days in milk = 78 ± 11 d; milk production = 56 ± 6 kg/d; mean ± standard deviation) were used in a randomized block design with 6-wk periods after a 10-d covariate period. Each period consisted of 14 d of adaptation followed by 28 d of data collection. The control diet contained CS and AH as forage sources (CSAH) with 17% of dietary dry matter as uNDF after 30 h of incubation (uNDF30). Wheat straw was substituted for AH (WSCS), CS (WSAH), or both (WSCSAH) on an uNDF30 basis, and beet pulp was used to obtain similar concentrations of NDF digestibility after 30 h of incubation (NDFD30 = 44.5% of NDF) across all diets. The 4 diets also contained similar concentrations of net energy for lactation and metabolizable protein. Dry matter intake was greatest for WSCS (27.8 kg/d), followed by CSAH (25.7 kg/d), WSCSAH (25.2 kg/d), and WSAH (24.2 kg/d). However, yields of milk, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk did not differ, resulting in higher FCM efficiency (kg of FCM yield/kg of dry matter intake) for WSAH (1.83) and WSCSAH (1.79), followed by CSAH (1.69) and WSCS (1.64). Milk protein percentage was greater for CSAH (2.84%) and WSCS (2.83%) than for WSAH (2.78%), and WSCSAH (2.81%) was intermediate. The opposite trend was observed for milk urea nitrogen, which was lower for CSAH (15.8 mg/dL), WSCS (15.8 mg/dL), and WSCSAH (17.0 mg/dL) than for WSAH (20 mg/dL). Total-tract NDF digestibility and ruminal pH were greater for diets containing WS than the diet without WS (CSAH), but digestibility of other nutrients was not affected by dietary treatments. Cows fed WSAH had less body reserves (body weight change = -13.5 kg/period) than the cows fed the other diets, whereas energy balance was greatest for those fed WSCS. The results showed that feeding high-producing dairy cows diets containing different forage sources but formulated to supply similar concentrations of uNDF30 while maintaining NDFD30, net energy for lactation, and metabolizable protein constant did not influence milk production. However, a combination of WS and CS (WSCS diet) compared with a diet with CS and AH improved feed intake, ruminal pH, total-tract NDF digestibility, and energy balance of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kahyani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - G R Ghorbani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - M Alikhani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - E Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - A Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - K A Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - S M Nasrollahi
- Young Researchers Club, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran.
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Kahyani A, Ghorbani GR, Alikhani M, Ghasemi E, Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi A, Nasrollahi SM. Adjusting for 30-hour undigested neutral detergent fiber in substitution of wheat straw and beet pulp for alfalfa hay and corn silage in the diet of high-producing cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:7026-7037. [PMID: 31178199 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the feeding effects of wheat straw (WS) and beet pulp (BP) substituted for corn silage (CS) and alfalfa hay (AH) based on forage 30-h undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF30) on lactation performance in high-producing dairy cows. Twelve multiparous (body weight = 611 ± 31 kg, days in milk = 97 ± 13; 51 ± 3 kg/d of milk; mean ± standard error) Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 28-d periods. Three treatments were established by substituting WS for CS and AH such that the concentration of forage uNDF30 in all diets was the same. The treatments were (1) 0% forage uNDF30 from WS (WS0; control), (2) 50% forage uNDF30 from WS (WS50), and (3) 100% forage uNDF30 from WS (WS100). Beet pulp was added in the straw diets to achieve similar dietary neutral detergent fiber digestibility after 30-h incubation (NDFD30). The 3 diets were similar in forage uNDF30 (14% of dry matter), total uNDF30 (∼18.5% of dry matter), and NDFD30 (approximately 42% of neutral detergent fiber). The substitution of WS and BP for AH and CS decreased the proportion of forage (40, 31, and 22.3% of dry matter) and forage neutral detergent fiber (21.2, 19.7, and 18.3% of dry matter) for WS0, WS50, and WS100, respectively, in the diet. However, the substitution linearly increased mean rumen pH (5.90, 6.09, and 6.28 for WS0, WS50, and WS100, respectively), digestibility of nutrients, and selection for long particles of diets without affecting dry matter intake. The substitution also linearly increased cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen concentration in the blood. Milk fat percentage, fat production, fat:protein ratio, and milk urea nitrogen increased linearly when treatments changed from WS0 to WS100, whereas the production of energy-corrected milk (ECM) was not affected by the treatments. Milk yield and milk protein yield were affected in a curvilinear manner and were lower in WS100 than other treatments. The efficiency of ECM production linearly increased in the diet with higher inclusion of WS and BP substitution in the diet (1.66, 1.70, and 1.72 for WS0, WS50, and WS100, respectively), but body weight, body weight change, and backfat thickness of cows were not different among treatments. In conclusion, the substitution of WS and BP for CS and AH with fixed uNDF30 improved feed efficiency and rumen pH, decreased milk and protein yield, and did not affect ECM yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kahyani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - G R Ghorbani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - M Alikhani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - E Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - A Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - S M Nasrollahi
- Young Researchers Club, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81595-185, Iran
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Safari M, Ghasemi E, Alikhani M, Ansari-Mahyari S. Supplementation effects of pomegranate by-products on oxidative status, metabolic profile, and performance in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:11297-11309. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Mojahedi S, Khorvash M, Ghorbani G, Ghasemi E, Mirzaei M, Hashemzadeh-Cigari F. Performance, nutritional behavior, and metabolic responses of calves supplemented with forage depend on starch fermentability. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7061-7072. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Savari M, Khorvash M, Amanlou H, Ghorbani G, Ghasemi E, Mirzaei M. Effects of rumen-degradable protein:rumen-undegradable protein ratio and corn processing on production performance, nitrogen efficiency, and feeding behavior of Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:1111-1122. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Akbarian-Tefaghi M, Ghasemi E, Khorvash M. Performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of dairy calves fed starter mixtures supplemented with herbal plants, essential oils or monensin. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:630-638. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Akbarian-Tefaghi
- Department of Animal Science; College of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - E. Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science; College of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - M. Khorvash
- Department of Animal Science; College of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
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Ghasemi E, Azad-Shahraki M, Khorvash M. Effect of different fat supplements on performance of dairy calves during cold season. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:5319-5328. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Alibakhshi E, Ghasemi E, Mahdavian M, Ramezanzadeh B, Farashi S. Active corrosion protection of Mg-Al-PO 4 3− LDH nanoparticle in silane primer coated with epoxy on mild steel. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hasanpour Dehkordi A, Khaji L, Sakhaei Shahreza MH, Mashak Z, Safarpoor Dehkordi F, Safaee Y, Hosseinzadeh A, Alavi I, Ghasemi E, Rabiei-Faradonbeh M. One-year prevalence of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus recovered from raw meat. Trop Biomed 2017; 34:396-404. [PMID: 33593020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Food with animal origins and especially meat may play an important role in transmission of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus to humans. The present investigation was carried out to determine the prevalence of MRSA in various types of Iranian meat samples as well as study their antimicrobial resistance properties. Nine-hundred raw meat samples were collected during various months of the year. Samples were cultured and those that were MRSA-positive were subjected to the disk diffusion method to study the antibiotic resistance pattern. One-hundred and sixty out of 900 raw meat samples (17.7%) were positive for MRSA. Raw sheep meat samples had the highest (24.0%), while raw camel meat samples had the lowest (10%) prevalence of MRSA. Samples which were collected in June, July, August, September and June months had the highest prevalence of MRSA. Bacterial strains were also resistant to ampicillin (100%), penicillin G (100%), gatifloxacin (96.8%), ceftriaxone (80%) and oxacillin (76.2%) antibiotics. We found that only one isolate was resistant to all tested antimicrobial agents. Contaminated meat samples are potential risk factor for transmission of MRSA. Thoughtful antibiotics prescription, control the hygienic quality of meat inspections and increase the hygienic status of butchers and slaughterhouses can decrease the prevalence of MRSA in meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hasanpour Dehkordi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - L Khaji
- Doctor Veterinary Medicine (DVM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M H Sakhaei Shahreza
- Doctor Veterinary Medicine (DVM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrkord, Iran
| | - Z Mashak
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - F Safarpoor Dehkordi
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Y Safaee
- Doctor Veterinary Medicine (DVM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Hosseinzadeh
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - I Alavi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - E Ghasemi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - M Rabiei-Faradonbeh
- Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Ghasemi E, Alimardani E, Shams E, Koohmareh GA. Modification of glassy carbon electrode with iron-terpyridine complex and iron-terpyridine complex covalently bonded to ordered mesoporous carbon substrate: Preparation, electrochemistry and application to H 2 O 2 determination. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Maktabi H, Ghasemi E, Khorvash M. Effects of substituting grain with forage or nonforage fiber source on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and chewing activity of dairy calves. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Javidparvar A, Ramezanzadeh B, Ghasemi E. The effect of surface morphology and treatment of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles on the corrosion resistance of epoxy coating. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Giveki T, Ghasemi E, Najafi F, Baghshahi S. Synthesis and Dispersion of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Using Anionic PEG-g-acrylic Comb Dispersants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2014.989589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Giveki
- Department of Material Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I. R. Iran
| | - E. Ghasemi
- Department of Inorganic Pigment and Glazes, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, I. R. Iran
| | - F. Najafi
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, I. R. Iran
| | - S. Baghshahi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, I. R. Iran
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Ghasemi E, Shams E, Farzin Nejad N. Covalent modification of ordered mesoporous carbon with glucose oxidase for fabrication of glucose biosensor. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Daneshvar D, Khorvash M, Ghasemi E, Mahdavi AH, Moshiri B, Mirzaei M, Pezeshki A, Ghaffari MH. The effect of restricted milk feeding through conventional or step-down methods with or without forage provision in starter feed on performance of Holstein bull calves1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:3979-89. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ghorbani Z, Ahmady AE, Ghasemi E, Zwi AB. Socioeconomic inequalities in oral health among adults in Tehran, Iran. Community Dent Health 2015; 32:26-31. [PMID: 26263589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the socioeconomic distribution of perceived oral health among adults in Tehran, Iran. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN A cross-sectional population study. PARTICIPANTS A stratified random sample of 1,100 adults aged 18-84 years living in Tehran. METHODS Self-report data were obtained from the 2010 dental telephone interview survey. Oral health was evaluated using self-assessed non-replaced extracted teeth (NRET), and a three-item perceived dental health instrument. Socioeconomic status was measured by combining the variables of education and assets using principal component analysis. Inequalities in oral health were examined using prevalence ratios and concentration index. RESULTS The poorest quintile was 1.60 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.30; 1.98) times as likely to have any NRET compared with the richest quintile, indicating a disparity. Inequality was most pronounced in the 35-59 age group with prevalence ratio 2.01 (95% CI 1.26; 3.05). The concentration index of NRET in adults in Tehran was -0.22 (95% CI -0.28; -0.16). No significant differences were found in perceived dental health between socioeconomic classes. CONCLUSIONS Adults from lower socioeconomic classes experienced more disabilities due to missing their teeth, specifically in the middle-age group. Inequalities in perceived dental health were not apparent in the studied population.
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Hashemzadeh-Cigari F, Khorvash M, Ghorbani GR, Ghasemi E, Taghizadeh A, Kargar S, Yang WZ. Interactive effects of molasses by homofermentative and heterofermentative inoculants on fermentation quality, nitrogen fractionation, nutritive value and aerobic stability of wilted alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) silage. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:290-9. [PMID: 23692608 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of adding molasses (0, UM or 50 g/kg on DM basis, M) and two types of inoculant including homofermentative (HO) and a combination of homofermentative and propionate-producing bacterial (HOPAB) inoculants on silage fermentation quality, nitrogen fractionation and aerobic stability of pre-bloom, wilted alfalfa (AS) was determined in laboratory silos. The HOPAB inoculant was more effective than HO in reducing the alfalfa silage pH but increased propionate content in the absence of M (p < 0.05). Inoculation of HOPAB reduced (p < 0.01) acid detergent fibre (ADF) and increased (p < 0.01) lactate to acetate ratio compared with uninoculated AS. Acetate concentration was lower (p < 0.01) in HOPAB-inoculated than other AS. This difference was more pronounced in M-added AS (inoculants × M interaction, p = 0.01). Both inoculants reduced (p < 0.01) ammonia-N content in AS added with M, whereas only HOPAB decreased (p < 0.01) ammonia-N concentration in silage without M. Inoculants increased (p < 0.01) B2 fraction in AS with M addition but had no effect on AS without M. Treating silages with HO-UM increased (p < 0.05) C fraction (acid-detergent insoluble-N) but HOPAB decreased C fraction at two levels of M. Treating alfalfa crop with M and HOPAB improved aerobic stability by increasing the concentration of acetate and propionate of AS respectively. Adding M tended (p < 0.10) to increase short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and cumulative gas production (CGP). HOPAB alone increased DM disappearance at 24 h post-incubation and effective degradability assuming outflow rate of 8%/h relative to untreated AS (p < 0.05). It was concluded that adding M had no pronounced effects on AS fermentation quality, but increased aerobic stability. HOPAB-inoculated AS with no addition of M improved fermentation quality and increased DM degradability compared with HO.
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Ghasemi E, Khorvash M, Ghorbani GR, Elmamouz F. Effects of straw treatment and nitrogen supplementation on digestibility, intake and physiological responses of water intake as well as urine and faecal characteristics. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:100-6. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Sciences; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - M. Khorvash
- Department of Animal Sciences; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - G. R. Ghorbani
- Department of Animal Sciences; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - F. Elmamouz
- Jihad-e-Agriculture Organization of Isfahan; Isfahan Iran
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Ghasemi E, Khorvash M, Nikkhah A. Short Communication: Effect of forage sources and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc 47) on ruminal fermentation parameters. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v42i2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Moeen SJ, Vaezi MR, Yousefi AA, Ghasemi E. Synthesis and rheological properties of nickel-zinc ferrite polymer nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
An iron oxide ferrofluid with mean particle size of 10.6 nm was synthesized by co-precipitation. The nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The magnetorheological properties of ferrofluid were investigated using a rotating rheometer. The effect of magnetic field on the aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles and rheological behavior were investigated. Moreover the effects of concentration and particle size on the magnetoviscousity of ferrofluid were studied. The results showed that the maghemite is the major magnetic phase. The magnetoviscous effect leads to phase separation at high magnetic fields which is dependent to the concentration. It was shown that the smaller particle sizes which are not contributed in magnetoviscous effect can contribute at higher magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ghasemi
- Institute of Color Science and Technology (ICST), 16688-14811 Tehran, Iran
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Ghasemi E, Mirhabibi A, Edrissi M, Aghababazadeh R, Brydson RM. Study on the magnetorheological properties of maghemite-kerosene ferrofluid. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2009; 9:4273-4278. [PMID: 19916442 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.m45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
As the ferrofluids are synthesized in a controlled atmosphere to Prevent oxidation of the magnetite phase; most reports of rheological properties have been derived from magnetite based ferrofluids. In this paper a ferrofluid based on iron oxide was synthesized by co-precipitation with air. Lauric acid was used to coat magnetic nanoparticles in the kerosene. The microstructural features of the ferrofluid and the variation with time and temperature of its rheologic and magnetic properties were investigated. The results indicated that the magnetic particles had an average size of 10.6 nm consisting of maghemite as the major phase. Viscosity of ferrofluid showed considerable variation with time and temperature. It was specified that the time dependency of the magnetoviscousity is related to particle size and rearrangement of nanoparticles of product is independent from the magnetic field. Moreover at low shear rates (< 0.1 s(-1)) the interaction of nanoparticles is related to the van der waals forces which cause the increase of the viscosity with time. The temperature effect showed that the magnetoviscosity decreases considerably above 45 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ghasemi
- Advanced Ceramics and Metallic Centre of Excellence, Iran University of Science and Technology (LUST), Tehran 16844, Iran
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Omidi-Mirzaee H, Ghasemi E, Ghorbani GR, Khorvash M. Chewing activity, metabolic profile and performance of high- producing dairy cows fed conventional forages, wheat straw or rice straw. S AFR J ANIM SCI 1970. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v47i3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, production and physiological responses of high-producing dairy cows fed wheat (WS) or rice (RS) straw, as a partial forage replacement for the conventional forages lucerne hay (LH) and maize silage (MS ), were investigated. The straws were treated under dry alkaline conditions, adjusted pH (pH ~12), and then ensiled. Twelve lactating Holstein cows were used in a replicated (n = 4) 3 × 3 Latin square design experiment with three periods of 21 days. Cows were offered one of three diets that differed in their forage sources: 1) 20% LH and 20% MS (control); 2) 12.8% LH, 12.8% MS; and 12.8% WS; and 3) 12.8% LH, 12.8% MS and 12.8% RS. Diet 1 had 60% concentrate, and diets 2 and 3 had 61.6% concentrate. Diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic. Supplemental buffer (NaHCO3) was omitted from the straw diets. However, straw diets contained greater sodium and dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) compared with the control diet. Cows fed the WS had significantly greater apparent dry matter (DM) (69.7 versus 63.9%) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (55.4 versus 42.4%) digestibility than cows fed the control. Additionally, feeding either WS or RS significantly increased dry matter intake (DMI) (27.5 versus 25.6 kg/d ) and milk production (48.4 versus 45.6 kg/d) compared with control, but milk components were unaffected by treatments. Plasma minerals and metabolites concentrations and ruminal, urinary and faecal pH were similar across treatments. Feeding WS and RS resulted in lower time spent chewing per kg DMI compared with the control ( P = 0.01 ). Although there were no significant differences in performance between WS and RS, nutrient digestibility (DM, OM, and CP) was significantly higher while total chewing was lower for the WS diet than the RS diet. Partial inclusion of dry treated straw in lactating diets (12.8% DM basis) led to increases in sodium and DCAD levels and improved digestibility, DMI and milk yield without negative effects. Keywords: Cation and anion difference, cereal straw dietary sodium, lactating cowsghasemi@cc.iut.ac.ir
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