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Tavares-Negrete JA, Aceves-Colin AE, Rivera-Flores DC, Díaz-Armas GG, Mertgen AS, Trinidad-Calderón PA, Olmos-Cordero JM, Gómez-López EG, Pérez-Carrillo E, Escobedo-Avellaneda ZJ, Tamayol A, Alvarez MM, Trujillo-de Santiago G. Three-Dimensional Printing Using a Maize Protein: Zein-Based Inks in Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3964-3979. [PMID: 34197076 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of three-dimensional (3D) printing for biomedical applications has expanded exponentially in recent years. However, the current portfolio of 3D printable inks is still limited. For instance, only few protein matrices have been explored as printing/bioprinting materials. Here, we introduce the use of zein, the primary constitutive protein in maize seeds, as a 3D printable material. Zein-based inks were prepared by dissolving commercial zein powder in ethanol with or without polyethylene glycol (PEG400) as a plasticizer. The rheological characteristics of our materials, studied during 21 days of aging/maturation, showed an increase in the apparent viscosity as a function of time in all formulations. The addition of PEG400 decreased the apparent viscosity. Inks with and without PEG400 and at different maturation times were tested for printability in a BioX bioprinter. We optimized the 3D printing parameters for each ink formulation in terms of extrusion pressure and linear printing velocity. Higher fidelity structures were obtained with inks that had maturation times of 10 to 14 days. We present different proof-of-concept experiments to demonstrate the versatility of the engineered zein inks for diverse biomedical applications. These include printing of complex and/or free-standing 3D structures, tablets for controlled drug release, and scaffolds for cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alfonso Tavares-Negrete
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Alberto Emanuel Aceves-Colin
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica y Eléctrica, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Delia Cristal Rivera-Flores
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Ciencias, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Gladys Guadalupe Díaz-Armas
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica y Eléctrica, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Anne-Sophie Mertgen
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Plinio Alejandro Trinidad-Calderón
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jorge Miguel Olmos-Cordero
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica y Eléctrica, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Elda Graciela Gómez-López
- Departamento de Ciencias, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Esther Pérez-Carrillo
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Zamantha Judith Escobedo-Avellaneda
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Mario Moisés Alvarez
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica y Eléctrica, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
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