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Takano EA, Younes MM, Meehan K, Spalding L, Yan M, Allan P, Fox SB, Redfern A, Clouston D, Giles GG, Christie EL, Anderson RL, Zethoven M, Phillips KA, Gorringe K, Britt KL. Estrogen receptor beta expression in triple negative breast cancers is not associated with recurrence or survival. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:459. [PMID: 37208678 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative BCa (TNBC) is defined by a lack of expression of estrogen (ERα), progesterone (PgR) receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as assessed by protein expression and/or gene amplification. It makes up ~ 15% of all BCa and often has a poor prognosis. TNBC is not treated with endocrine therapies as ERα and PR negative tumors in general do not show benefit. However, a small fraction of the true TNBC tumors do show tamoxifen sensitivity, with those expressing the most common isoform of ERβ1 having the most benefit. Recently, the antibodies commonly used to assess ERβ1 in TNBC have been found to lack specificity, which calls into question available data regarding the proportion of TNBC that express ERβ1 and any relationship to clinical outcome. METHODS To confirm the true frequency of ERβ1 in TNBC we performed robust ERβ1 immunohistochemistry using the specific antibody CWK-F12 ERβ1 on 156 primary TNBC cancers from patients with a median of 78 months (range 0.2-155 months) follow up. RESULTS We found that high expression of ERβ1 was not associated with increased recurrence or survival when assessed as percentage of ERβ1 positive tumor cells or as Allred > 5. In contrast, the non-specific PPG5-10 antibody did show an association with recurrence and survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that ERβ1 expression in TNBC tumours does not associate with prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Takano
- Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Melissa M Younes
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Research Division 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Katie Meehan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- The University of Western Australia (M504), 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Lisa Spalding
- The University of Western Australia (M504), 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Max Yan
- South Eastern Area Laboratory Services, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Prue Allan
- Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Andy Redfern
- The University of Western Australia (M504), 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - David Clouston
- TissuPath, 32 Ricketts Rd, Mount Waverley, VIC, 3149, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- 7a Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3012, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L Christie
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Robin L Anderson
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Magnus Zethoven
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Peter Mac, Bioinformatics Core Facility, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie Gorringe
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kara L Britt
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Research Division 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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2
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McEvoy CR, Holliday H, Thio N, Mitchell C, Choong DY, Yellapu B, Leong HS, Xu H, Lade S, Browning J, Takano EA, Byrne DJ, Gill AJ, Duong CP, Li J, Fellowes AP, Fox SB, Swarbrick A, Prall OWJ. A MXI1-NUTM1 fusion protein with MYC-like activity suggests a novel oncogenic mechanism in a subset of NUTM1-rearranged tumors. J Transl Med 2021; 101:26-37. [PMID: 32873880 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most NUTM1-rearranged neoplasms (NRNs) have fusions between NUTM1 and BRD (bromodomain-containing) family members and are termed NUT carcinomas (NCs) because they show some squamous differentiation. However, some NRNs are associated with fusions between NUTM1 and members of the MAD (MAX dimerization) gene family of MYC antagonists. Here we describe a small round cell malignancy from the gastro-esophageal junction with a previously unreported fusion between NUTM1 and the MAD family member MXI1. In contrast to NCs, the MXI1-NUTM1 tumor did not show squamous differentiation and did not express MYC, TP63 or SOX2, genes known to be targets of BRD-NUTM1 proteins and critical for NC oncogenesis. Transcriptome analysis showed paradoxical enrichment of MYC target genes in the MXI1-NUTM1 tumor despite the lack of MYC expression. When expressed in vitro MXI1-NUTM1 partially phenocopied MYC, enhancing cell proliferation and cooperating with oncogenic HRAS to produce anchorage-independent cell growth. These data provide evidence that MAD family members, which are normally repressors of MYC activity, can be converted into MYC-like mimics by fusion to NUTM1. The pathological features and novel oncogenic mechanism of the MXI1-NUTM1 tumor show that identification of NUTM1 fusion partners can be important for accurate diagnostic classification of some NRN subtypes, and potentially may guide therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R McEvoy
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Holly Holliday
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Niko Thio
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Catherine Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - David Y Choong
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Bhargavi Yellapu
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hui San Leong
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Huiling Xu
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Stephen Lade
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Judy Browning
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Elena A Takano
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - David J Byrne
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Cuong P Duong
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Jason Li
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew P Fellowes
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Owen W J Prall
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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3
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Gamell C, Bandilovska I, Gulati T, Kogan A, Lim SC, Kovacevic Z, Takano EA, Timpone C, Agupitan AD, Litchfield C, Blandino G, Horvath LG, Fox SB, Williams SG, Russo A, Gallo E, Paul PJ, Mitchell C, Sandhu S, Keam SP, Haupt S, Richardson DR, Haupt Y. E6AP Promotes a Metastatic Phenotype in Prostate Cancer. iScience 2019; 22:1-15. [PMID: 31739170 PMCID: PMC6864340 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although primary prostate cancer is largely curable, progression to metastatic disease is associated with very poor prognosis. E6AP is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a transcriptional co-factor involved in normal prostate development. E6AP drives prostate cancer when overexpressed. Our study exposed a role for E6AP in the promotion of metastatic phenotype in prostate cells. We revealed that elevated levels of E6AP in primary prostate cancer correlate with regional metastasis and demonstrated that E6AP promotes acquisition of mesenchymal features, migration potential, and ability for anchorage-independent growth. We identified the metastasis suppressor NDRG1 as a target of E6AP and showed it is key in E6AP induction of mesenchymal phenotype. We showed that treatment of prostate cancer cells with pharmacological agents upregulated NDRG1 expression suppressed E6AP-induced cell migration. We propose that the E6AP-NDRG1 axis is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of E6AP-driven metastatic prostate cancer. Elevated E6AP levels in primary PC in men correlate with regional metastasis Elevated E6AP levels promote mesenchymal features and migration potential E6AP promotes a metastatic phenotype by reducing NDRG1 expression levels Pharmacological upregulation of NDRG1 suppresses E6AP-induced cell migration
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gamell
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ivona Bandilovska
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Twishi Gulati
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Arielle Kogan
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Syer Choon Lim
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elena A Takano
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Clelia Timpone
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Arjelle D Agupitan
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Cassandra Litchfield
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | | | - Lisa G Horvath
- The Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Scott G Williams
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andrea Russo
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Gallo
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Piotr J Paul
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Catherine Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Simon P Keam
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia.
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4
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Mansour M, Haupt S, Chan AL, Godde N, Rizzitelli A, Loi S, Caramia F, Deb S, Takano EA, Bishton M, Johnstone C, Monahan B, Levav-Cohen Y, Jiang YH, Yap AS, Fox S, Bernard O, Anderson R, Haupt Y. Retraction: The E3-ligase E6AP Represses Breast Cancer Metastasis via Regulation of ECT2-Rho Signaling. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3008. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Williams SP, Odell AF, Karnezis T, Farnsworth RH, Gould CM, Li J, Paquet-Fifield S, Harris NC, Walter A, Gregory JL, Lamont SF, Liu R, Takano EA, Nowell CJ, Bower NI, Resnick D, Smyth GK, Coultas L, Hogan BM, Fox SB, Mueller SN, Simpson KJ, Achen MG, Stacker SA. Genome-wide functional analysis reveals central signaling regulators of lymphatic endothelial cell migration and remodeling. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/499/eaal2987. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Deb S, Gorringe KL, Pang JMB, Byrne DJ, Takano EA, Dobrovic A, Fox SB. BRCA2 carriers with male breast cancer show elevated tumour methylation. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:641. [PMID: 28893223 PMCID: PMC5594583 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Male breast cancer (MBC) represents a poorly characterised group of tumours, the management of which is largely based on practices established for female breast cancer. However, recent studies demonstrate biological and molecular differences likely to impact on tumour behaviour and therefore patient outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate methylation of a panel of commonly methylated breast cancer genes in familial MBCs. Methods 60 tumours from 3 BRCA1 and 25 BRCA2 male mutation carriers and 32 males from BRCAX families were assessed for promoter methylation by methylation-sensitive high resolution melting in a panel of 10 genes (RASSF1A, TWIST1, APC, WIF1, MAL, RARβ, CDH1, RUNX3, FOXC1 and GSTP1). An average methylation index (AMI) was calculated for each case comprising the average of the methylation of the 10 genes tested as an indicator of overall tumour promoter region methylation. Promoter hypermethylation and AMI were correlated with BRCA carrier mutation status and clinicopathological parameters including tumour stage, grade, histological subtype and disease specific survival. Results Tumours arising in BRCA2 mutation carriers showed significantly higher methylation of candidate genes, than those arising in non-BRCA2 familial MBCs (average AMI 23.6 vs 16.6, p = 0.01, 45% of genes hypermethylated vs 34%, p < 0.01). RARβ methylation and AMI-high status were significantly associated with tumour size (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02 respectively), RUNX3 methylation with invasive carcinoma of no special type (94% vs 69%, p = 0.046) and RASSF1A methylation with coexistence of high grade ductal carcinoma in situ (33% vs 6%, p = 0.02). Cluster analysis showed MBCs arising in BRCA2 mutation carriers were characterised by RASSF1A, WIF1, RARβ and GTSP1 methylation (p = 0.02) whereas methylation in BRCAX tumours showed no clear clustering to particular genes. TWIST1 methylation (p = 0.001) and AMI (p = 0.01) were prognostic for disease specific survival. Conclusions Increased methylation defines a subset of familial MBC and with AMI may be a useful prognostic marker. Methylation might be predictive of response to novel therapeutics that are currently under investigation in other cancer types. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3632-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Deb
- Molecular Pathology Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Vic, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Kylie L Gorringe
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Vic, Parkville, 3010, Australia.,Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3012, Australia
| | - Jia-Min B Pang
- Molecular Pathology Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - David J Byrne
- Molecular Pathology Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Elena A Takano
- Molecular Pathology Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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- Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for research into Familial Breast Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Alexander Dobrovic
- Molecular Pathology Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3012, Australia.,Translational Genomics and Epigenomics Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Molecular Pathology Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Vic, Parkville, 3010, Australia. .,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3012, Australia. .,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3084, Australia.
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7
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Byrne DJ, Deb S, Takano EA, Fox SB. GATA3 expression in triple-negative breast cancers. Histopathology 2017; 71:63-71. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J Byrne
- Department of Pathology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Siddhartha Deb
- Department of Pathology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Elena A Takano
- Department of Pathology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Department of Pathology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Pathology; the University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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8
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Miranda PJ, Buckley D, Raghu D, Pang JMB, Takano EA, Vijayakumaran R, Teunisse AF, Posner A, Procter T, Herold MJ, Gamell C, Marine JC, Fox SB, Jochemsen A, Haupt S, Haupt Y. MDM4 is a rational target for treating breast cancers with mutant p53. J Pathol 2017; 241:661-670. [PMID: 28097652 DOI: 10.1002/path.4877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of the key tumour suppressor p53 defines a transition in the progression towards aggressive and metastatic breast cancer (BC) with the poorest outcome. Specifically, the p53 mutation frequency exceeds 50% in triple-negative BC. Key regulators of mutant p53 that facilitate its oncogenic functions are potential therapeutic targets. We report here that the MDM4 protein is frequently abundant in the context of mutant p53 in basal-like BC samples. Importantly, we show that MDM4 plays a critical role in the proliferation of these BC cells. We demonstrate that conditional knockdown (KD) of MDM4 provokes growth inhibition across a range of BC subtypes with mutant p53, including luminal, Her2+ and triple-negative BCs. In vivo, MDM4 was shown to be crucial for the establishment and progression of tumours. This growth inhibition was mediated, at least in part, by the cell cycle inhibitor p27. Depletion of p27 together with MDM4 KD led to recovery of the proliferative capacity of cells that were growth-inhibited by MDM4 KD alone. Consistently, we identified low levels of p27 expression in basal-like tumours corresponding to high levels of MDM4 and p53. This predicts a signature for a subset of tumours that may be amenable to therapies targeted towards MDM4 and mutant p53. The therapeutic potential of MDM4 as a target in BC with mutant p53 was shown in vitro by use of a small-molecule inhibitor. Overall, our study supports MDM4 as a novel therapeutic target for BC expressing mutant p53. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panimaya Jeffreena Miranda
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Buckley
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dinesh Raghu
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jia-Min B Pang
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena A Takano
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Reshma Vijayakumaran
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amina Fas Teunisse
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Atara Posner
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tahlia Procter
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cristina Gamell
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aart Jochemsen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sue Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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9
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Mansour M, Haupt S, Chan AL, Godde N, Rizzitelli A, Loi S, Caramia F, Deb S, Takano EA, Bishton M, Johnstone C, Monahan B, Levav-Cohen Y, Jiang YH, Yap AS, Fox S, Bernard O, Anderson R, Haupt Y. The E3-ligase E6AP Represses Breast Cancer Metastasis via Regulation of ECT2-Rho Signaling. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4236-48. [PMID: 27231202 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic disease is the major cause of breast cancer-related death and despite many advances, current therapies are rarely curative. Tumor cell migration and invasion require actin cytoskeletal reorganization to endow cells with capacity to disseminate and initiate the formation of secondary tumors. However, it is still unclear how these migratory cells colonize distant tissues to form macrometastases. The E6-associated protein, E6AP, acts both as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and as a coactivator of steroid hormone receptors. We report that E6AP suppresses breast cancer invasiveness, colonization, and metastasis in mice, and in breast cancer patients, loss of E6AP associates with poor prognosis, particularly for basal breast cancer. E6AP regulates actin cytoskeletal remodeling via regulation of Rho GTPases, acting as a negative regulator of ECT2, a GEF required for activation of Rho GTPases. E6AP promotes ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of ECT2 for which high expression predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. We conclude that E6AP suppresses breast cancer metastasis by regulating actin cytoskeleton remodeling through the control of ECT2 and Rho GTPase activity. These findings establish E6AP as a novel suppressor of metastasis and provide a compelling rationale for inhibition of ECT2 as a therapeutic approach for patients with metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4236-48. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Mansour
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sue Haupt
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ai-Leen Chan
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nathan Godde
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Sherene Loi
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Franco Caramia
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Siddhartha Deb
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elena A Takano
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Bishton
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cameron Johnstone
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brendon Monahan
- Division of Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Yong-Hui Jiang
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics and Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ora Bernard
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin Anderson
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Australia. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Huang KT, Mikeska T, Li J, Takano EA, Millar EKA, Graham PH, Boyle SE, Campbell IG, Speed TP, Dobrovic A, Fox SB. Assessment of DNA methylation profiling and copy number variation as indications of clonal relationship in ipsilateral and contralateral breast cancers to distinguish recurrent breast cancer from a second primary tumour. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:669. [PMID: 26452468 PMCID: PMC4600279 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with breast cancer have an increased risk of developing subsequent breast cancers. It is important to distinguish whether these tumours are de novo or recurrences of the primary tumour in order to guide the appropriate therapy. Our aim was to investigate the use of DNA methylation profiling and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) to determine whether the second tumour is clonally related to the first tumour. METHODS Methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting was used to screen promoter methylation in a panel of 13 genes reported as methylated in breast cancer (RASSF1A, TWIST1, APC, WIF1, MGMT, MAL, CDH13, RARβ, BRCA1, CDH1, CDKN2A, TP73, and GSTP1) in 29 tumour pairs (16 ipsilateral and 13 contralateral). Using the methylation profile of these genes, we employed a Bayesian and an empirical statistical approach to estimate clonal relationship. Copy number alterations were analysed using aCGH on the same set of tumour pairs. RESULTS There is a higher probability of the second tumour being recurrent in ipsilateral tumours compared with contralateral tumours (38 % versus 8 %; p <0.05) based on the methylation profile. Using previously reported recurrence rates as Bayesian prior probabilities, we classified 69 % of ipsilateral and 15 % of contralateral tumours as recurrent. The inferred clonal relationship results of the tumour pairs were generally concordant between methylation profiling and aCGH. CONCLUSION Our results show that DNA methylation profiling as well as aCGH have potential as diagnostic tools in improving the clinical decisions to differentiate recurrences from a second de novo tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie T Huang
- Molecular Pathology Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia. .,Department of Pathology and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Thomas Mikeska
- Molecular Pathology Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia. .,Department of Pathology and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Translational Genomics and Epigenomics Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.
| | - Jason Li
- Bioinformatics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.
| | - Elena A Takano
- Molecular Pathology Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.
| | - Ewan K A Millar
- South Eastern Area Laboratory Service (SEALS), St. George Hospital, Gary Street, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia. .,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Narellan Road, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, High Street, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Peter H Graham
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Narellan Road, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.
| | - Samantha E Boyle
- VBCRC Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Department of Pathology and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,VBCRC Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.
| | - Terence P Speed
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Alexander Dobrovic
- Molecular Pathology Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia. .,Department of Pathology and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Translational Genomics and Epigenomics Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia. .,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3084, Australia.
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Molecular Pathology Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia. .,Department of Pathology and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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11
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Haupt S, Buckley D, Pang JMB, Panimaya J, Paul PJ, Gamell C, Takano EA, Lee YY, Hiddingh S, Rogers TM, Teunisse AFAS, Herold MJ, Marine JC, Fox SB, Jochemsen A, Haupt Y. Targeting Mdmx to treat breast cancers with wild-type p53. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1821. [PMID: 26181202 PMCID: PMC4650725 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The function of the tumor suppressor p53 is universally compromised in cancers. It is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers (reviewed). In cases where p53 is not mutated, alternative regulatory pathways inactivate its tumor suppressive functions. This is primarily achieved through elevation in the expression of the key inhibitors of p53: Mdm2 or Mdmx (also called Mdm4) (reviewed). In breast cancer (BrCa), the frequency of p53 mutations varies markedly between the different subtypes, with basal-like BrCas bearing a high frequency of p53 mutations, whereas luminal BrCas generally express wild-type (wt) p53. Here we show that Mdmx is unexpectedly highly expressed in normal breast epithelial cells and its expression is further elevated in most luminal BrCas, whereas p53 expression is generally low, consistent with wt p53 status. Inducible knockdown (KD) of Mdmx in luminal BrCa MCF-7 cells impedes the growth of these cells in culture, in a p53-dependent manner. Importantly, KD of Mdmx in orthotopic xenograft transplants resulted in growth inhibition associated with prolonged survival, both in a preventative model and also in a treatment model. Growth impediment in response to Mdmx KD was associated with cellular senescence. The growth inhibitory capacity of Mdmx KD was recapitulated in an additional luminal BrCa cell line MPE600, which expresses wt p53. Further, the growth inhibitory capacity of Mdmx KD was also demonstrated in the wt p53 basal-like cell line SKBR7 line. These results identify Mdmx growth dependency in wt p53 expressing BrCas, across a range of subtypes. Based on our findings, we propose that Mdmx targeting is an attractive strategy for treating BrCas harboring wt p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Buckley
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J-M B Pang
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Panimaya
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P J Paul
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Gamell
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E A Takano
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Y Ying Lee
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Hiddingh
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - T-M Rogers
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A F A S Teunisse
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M J Herold
- 1] Department of Molecular Genetics of Cancer, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - J-C Marine
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S B Fox
- 1] Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Jochemsen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Y Haupt
- 1] Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [3] Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [4] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Takano EA, Hunter SM, Campbell IG, Fox SB. Low-grade fibromatosis-like spindle cell carcinomas of the breast are molecularly exiguous. J Clin Pathol 2015; 68:362-7. [PMID: 25713418 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade fibromatosis-like spindle cell carcinomas are very rare breast carcinomas comprising <0.5% of all breast cancers. They demonstrate immunohistochemical (IHC) features of basal-like/metaplastic breast carcinomas, but the underlying molecular characteristics are unknown. We hypothesised that, as with IHC similarities, there may be common genomic alterations between spindle cell and basal-like/metaplastic carcinomas. METHODS AND RESULTS Genomic mutational profile and genomic copy number aberration (CNA) analyses were performed on three cases of this unusual entity, and findings were compared with that reported for basal-like/metaplastic breast carcinomas. Copy number analyses by molecular inversion probe assays of the three spindle cell carcinoma samples revealed little overall genomic CNAs with only minor changes identified (fraction of the genome altered; 1.3%-6.4%), but with a common 9p21.3 loss in 2 out of 3 samples, with CDKN2A (p16) being a likely candidate. No areas of commonality were identified in an in silico analysis compared with publically available basal-like/metaplastic carcinoma copy number data. CONCLUSIONS These tumours are characterised by low genomic instability, and share no CNAs with other metaplastic carcinomas. These findings favour this entity being a unique group genotype and belie their apparent homogeneous morphology and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Takano
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally M Hunter
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Pang JMB, Deb S, Takano EA, Byrne DJ, Jene N, Boulghourjian A, Holliday A, Millar E, Lee CS, O'Toole SA, Dobrovic A, Fox SB. Methylation profiling of ductal carcinoma in situ and its relationship to histopathological features. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:423. [PMID: 25331261 PMCID: PMC4303108 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction DNA methylation is a well-studied biomarker in invasive breast cancer, but its role in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is less well characterized. The aims of this study are to assess the methylation profile in DCIS for a panel of well-characterized genes that are frequently methylated in breast cancer, to investigate the relationship of methylation with pathological features, and to perform a proof-of-principle study to evaluate the practicality of methylation as a biomarker in diagnostic DCIS material. Methods Promoter CpG island methylation for a panel of 11 breast cancer-related genes was performed by methylation-sensitive high resolution melting (MS-HRM). Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies from 72 samples of pure DCIS (DCIS occurring in the absence of synchronous invasive carcinoma), 10 samples of mixed DCIS (DCIS adjacent to invasive carcinoma), and 18 samples of normal breast epithelium adjacent to a DCIS lesion were micro-dissected prior to DNA extraction. Results Methylation was seen for all the tested genes except BRCA1. RASSF1A was the most frequently methylated gene (90% of DCIS samples) and its methylation was associated with comedo necrosis (p = 0.018). Cluster analysis based on the methylation profile revealed four groups, the highly methylated cluster being significantly associated with high nuclear grade, HER2 amplification, negative estrogen receptor (ER) α status, and negative progesterone receptor (PgR) status, (p = 0.038, p = 0.018, p <0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). Methylation of APC (p = 0.017), CDH13 (p = 0.017), and RARβ (p <0.001) was associated with negative ERα status. Methylation of CDH13 (p <0.001), and RARβ (p = 0.001) was associated with negative PgR status. Methylation of APC (p = 0.013) and CDH13 (p = 0.026) was associated with high nuclear grade. Methylation of CDH13 (p = 0.009), and RARβ (p = 0.042) was associated with HER2-amplification. Conclusions DNA methylation can be assessed in FFPE-derived samples using suitable methodologies. Methylation of a panel of genes that are known to be methylated in invasive breast cancer was able to classify DCIS into distinct groups and was differentially associated with phenotypic features in DCIS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0423-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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14
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Lim AM, Do H, Young RJ, Wong SQ, Angel C, Collins M, Takano EA, Corry J, Wiesenfeld D, Kleid S, Sigston E, Lyons B, Fox SB, Rischin D, Dobrovic A, Solomon B. Differential mechanisms ofCDKN2A(p16) alteration in oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas and correlation with patient outcome. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:887-95. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annette M. Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
- University of Melbourne; Australia
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
| | - Hongdo Do
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
- Department of Pathology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; Heidelberg Australia
| | - Richard J. Young
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
| | - Stephen Q. Wong
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
- Department of Pathology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
| | - Christopher Angel
- Department of Pathology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
- Department of Pathology; Royal Melbourne Hospital; Australia
| | - Marnie Collins
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
| | - Elena A. Takano
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
- Department of Pathology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
| | - June Corry
- University of Melbourne; Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
| | - David Wiesenfeld
- University of Melbourne; Australia
- Department of Surgery; Royal Melbourne Hospital; Australia
| | - Stephen Kleid
- Department of Surgical Oncology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
| | | | - Bernard Lyons
- Department of Surgery; St. Vincent's Hospital; Australia
| | - Stephen B. Fox
- University of Melbourne; Australia
- Department of Pathology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
| | - Danny Rischin
- Department of Medical Oncology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
- University of Melbourne; Australia
| | - Alexander Dobrovic
- University of Melbourne; Australia
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
- Department of Pathology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; Heidelberg Australia
| | - Benjamin Solomon
- Department of Medical Oncology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
- University of Melbourne; Australia
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
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Halford MM, Macheda ML, Parish CL, Takano EA, Fox S, Layton D, Nice E, Stacker SA. A fully human inhibitory monoclonal antibody to the Wnt receptor RYK. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75447. [PMID: 24058687 PMCID: PMC3776778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RYK is an unusual member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family that is classified as a putative pseudokinase. RYK regulates fundamental biological processes including cell differentiation, migration and target selection, axon outgrowth and pathfinding by transducing signals across the plasma membrane in response to the high affinity binding of Wnt family ligands to its extracellular Wnt inhibitory factor (WIF) domain. Here we report the generation and initial characterization of a fully human inhibitory monoclonal antibody to the human RYK WIF domain. From a naïve human single chain fragment variable (scFv) phage display library, we identified anti-RYK WIF domain–specific scFvs then screened for those that could compete with Wnt3a for binding. Production of a fully human IgG1κ from an inhibitory scFv yielded a monoclonal antibody that inhibits Wnt5a-responsive RYK function in a neurite outgrowth assay. This antibody will have immediate applications for modulating RYK function in a range of settings including development and adult homeostasis, with significant potential for therapeutic use in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Halford
- Tumour Angiogenesis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria L. Macheda
- Tumour Angiogenesis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare L. Parish
- Florey Neuroscience Institutes, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena A. Takano
- Tumour Angiogenesis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Fox
- Tumour Angiogenesis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Layton
- Monash Antibody Technologies Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edouard Nice
- Monash Antibody Technologies Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven A. Stacker
- Tumour Angiogenesis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Takano EA, Rogers TM, Young RJ, Rayoo M, Kostos P, Ferguson R, Campbell IG, Debiec-Rychter M, Fox SB. The molecular characterisation of unusual subcutaneous spindle cell lesion of breast. J Clin Pathol 2012; 65:746-50. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2011-200629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Huang KT, Takano EA, Mikeska T, Byrne DJ, Dobrovic A, Fox SB. Abstract 113: Aberrant DNA methylation of the HIF-1α inhibitor gene CITED4 in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with ED-rich carboxy-terminal domain, 4 (CITED4) inhibits the interaction between HIF-1α and p300/CBP thereby reducing expression of downstream hypoxia responsive genes. Since we have previously shown that diminished levels of nuclear CITED4 as a consequence of down-regulation or translocation to the cytoplasm are correlated with HIF-1α elevation in breast cancer, we hypothesized that either hypermethylation or somatic mutation of the CITED4 gene may also underlie elevated HIF-1α levels in breast tumors.
CITED4 DNA methylation and mutation were analyzed in 168 breast carcinoma samples and 23 cancer cell lines using methylation-sensitive high resolution melting (MS-HRM) and DNA sequencing, respectively. Although no somatic CITED4 mutation was found, there was evidence of CITED4 promoter region methylation in five breast carcinoma samples, and three breast cancer cell lines (heterogeneously methylated in Hs578T and MDA-MB-231, and fully methylated in MDA-MB-453). There was a significant association between low CITED4 mRNA and high methylation in Hs578T (P = 0.0001) and MDA-MB-231 (P < 0.0001) and no expression was found in fully methylated cell line MDA-MB-453.
Methylated CITED4 breast cancer cell lines were treated with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (DAC) and/or trichostatin A to evaluate the regulation of CITED4 expression through DNA methylation. CITED4 expression was re-expressed in fully methylated MDA-MB-453 cell line and increased expression in MDA-MB-231 (21.9-fold) and Hs578T (4.9-fold) after DAC mediated demethylation, and treatment with trichostatin A alone also resulted in increased CITED4 expression. A synergistic effect was seen after the combined treatment of DAC and trichostatin A.
Furthermore, re-expressed CITED4 expression after DAC treatment may reduce HIF-1α and its downstream genes activity. MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line treated with DAC under hypoxia (0.1% oxygen) and demonstrated the downregulation of HIF-1α downstream genes VEGFA and SLC2A1 (P = 0.0029) when compared with the untreated MDA-MB-231 cell line under hypoxia. Immunohistochemstry also demonstrated that HIF-1α and downstream CA9 levels had decreased after CITED4 re-expressed under the hypoxic condition from 23% of positive staining in control to 10% after DAC treatment for HIF-1α and from 5 % to 3% for CA9.
These data suggest that, CITED4 gene expression can be epigenetically silenced through DNA methylation in breast cancer, which may enhance the activity of HIF in developing aggressive breast cancer phenotypes.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 113. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-113
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie T. Huang
- 1Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Thomas Mikeska
- 1Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - David J. Byrne
- 1Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Stephen B. Fox
- 1Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
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Zhang X, George J, Deb S, Degoutin JL, Takano EA, Fox SB, Bowtell DDL, Harvey KF. The Hippo pathway transcriptional co-activator, YAP, is an ovarian cancer oncogene. Oncogene 2011; 30:2810-22. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Yan M, Rayoo M, Takano EA, Fox SB. Nuclear and cytoplasmic expressions of ERβ1 and ERβ2 are predictive of response to therapy and alters prognosis in familial breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 126:395-405. [PMID: 20490651 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-0941-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) α has been studied extensively in familial breast cancers but there are limited data on ERβ and its isoforms. This is an important issue since many BRCA1-associated tumours are "triple negative" and are resistant to conventional and targeted therapies. We performed an immunohistochemical study of pan-ERβ, ERβ1 and ERβ2 in a cohort of 123 familial breast carcinomas (35 BRCA1, 33 BRCA2 and 55 BRCAX) using a cut-off for positivity at 20% (Shaaban et al. in Clin Cancer Res 14:5228-5235, 2008). BRCA1 cancers were more likely to be nuclear ERα negative and nuclear pan-ERβ positive (21/32, 66%) when compared with BRCA2 (2/29, 7%) and BRCAX cancers (11/49, 22%) (both P < 0.001). For survival analysis, expression was also stratified using cut-offs defined by Bates et al. (Breast Cancer Res Treat 111:453-459, 2008) (score out of 7). Cytoplasmic ERβ2 expression correlated with shorter overall survival at 15 years regardless of cut-off used (both P < 0.046) At a cut-off score of 6 out of 7, cytoplasmic ERβ2 expression correlated with a poorer response to chemotherapy in both univariate (P = 0.011) and multivariate analyses including grade, lymph node status and chemotherapy as an interaction variable (P = 0.045, Hazard ratio 1.22, 95% CI 1.004-9.87). A similar trend was seen in a univariate analysis with a cut-off of 20% although this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.057). Expression of nuclear ERβ1 was associated with a favourable response to endocrine therapy at 15 years regardless of cut-offs employed (both P < 0.025). However, this did not reach statistical significance in a multivariate analysis (P > 0.05). Since a significant proportion of ERα negative familial breast carcinomas are positive for nuclear ERβ1 and cytoplasmic ERβ2, the different ERβ isoforms and their intracellular location may need to be assessed, to identify patients that may benefit from hormonal and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Yan
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.
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Yan M, Rayoo M, Takano EA, Thorne H, Fox SB. BRCA1 tumours correlate with a HIF-1alpha phenotype and have a poor prognosis through modulation of hydroxylase enzyme profile expression. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:1168-74. [PMID: 19724277 PMCID: PMC2768103 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There are limited data regarding the hypoxia pathway in familial breast cancers. We therefore performed a study of hypoxic factors in BRCA1, BRCA2 and BRCAX breast cancers. Methods: Immunoperoxidase staining for HIF-1α, PHD1, PHD2, PHD3, VEGF and FIH was carried out in 125 (38 BRCA1, 33 BRCA2 and 54 BRCAX) breast carcinomas. These were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and the intrinsic breast cancer phenotypes. Results: BRCA1 tumours correlated with positivity for HIF-1α (P=0.008) and negativity for PHD3 (P=0.037). HIF-1α positivity (P=0.001), PHD3 negativity (P=0.037) and nuclear FIH negativity (P=0.011) was associated with basal phenotype. HIF-1α expression correlated with high tumour grade (P=0.009), negative oestrogen receptor (ER) status (P=0.001) and the absence of lymph node metastasis (P=0.028). Nuclear FIH expression and PHD3 correlated with positive ER expression (P=0.024 and P=0.035, respectively). BRCA1 cancers with positive HIF-1α or cytoplasmic FIH had a significantly shorter relapse-free survival (P=0.007 and P=0.049, respectively). Conclusions: The aggressive nature of BRCA1 and basal-type tumours may be partly explained by an enhanced hypoxic drive and hypoxia driven ER degradation because of suppressed PHD and aberrantly located FIH expression. This may have important implications, as these tumours may respond to compounds directed against HIF-1α or its downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yan
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
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Rayoo M, Yan M, Takano EA, Bates GJ, Brown PJ, Banham AH, Fox SB. Expression of the forkhead box transcription factor FOXP1 is associated with oestrogen receptor alpha, oestrogen receptor beta and improved survival in familial breast cancers. J Clin Pathol 2009; 62:896-902. [DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2009.065169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:The role of FOXP1 in sporadic breast cancers has been widely studied but its role in familial breast cancers is yet unexplored.Aims:To investigate FOXP1 expression in different molecular subtypes of familial breast cancers and to correlate its expression with clinicopathological parameters, oestrogen receptors (ER) and survival.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining for FOXP1 was performed in 126 familial breast carcinomas comprising 35 BRCA1, 34 BRCA2 and 57 BRCAX.Results:Nuclear FOXP1 expression ranged from focal weak to widespread strong expression. Expression of FOXP1 was higher in familial breast cancers (54%) compared with sporadic cancers (46%) (p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between FOXP1 with ERα (p = 0.038) and ERβ (p = 0.007) in familial breast cancers. FOXP1 was more highly expressed in familial breast cancers compared with sporadic cancers for luminal (p = 0.021) and basal (p<0.001), but not HER2 and null phenotypes (both p>0.05). The absence of FOXP1 expression was associated with a shorter relapse-free (p = 0.025) and overall survival (p = 0.009) in familial breast cancer. Negativity for FOXP1 was associated with a significantly worse overall survival in BRCA2 cancers (p = 0.021) and there was a non-significant separation of the survival curves for BRCA1 cancers (p = 0.183). No differences in survival were seen for BRCAX cancers (p = 0.762).Conclusion:Results suggest that FOXP1 demonstrates different expression patterns in familial breast cancers than sporadic tumours, even in tumours showing similar phenotypes. They also suggest a different role of FOXP1 as a tumour suppressor in familial tumours, which is unrelated to ER expression and may impact on therapeutic options.
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Takano EA, Mitchell G, Fox SB, Dobrovic A. Rapid detection of carriers with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations using high resolution melting analysis. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:59. [PMID: 18298804 PMCID: PMC2266761 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline inactivating mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 underlie a major proportion of the inherited predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer. These mutations are usually detected by DNA sequencing. Cost-effective and rapid methods to screen for these mutations would enable the extension of mutation testing to a broader population. High resolution melting (HRM) analysis is a rapid screening methodology with very low false negative rates. We therefore evaluated the use of HRM as a mutation scanning tool using, as a proof of principle, the three recurrent BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in the Ashkenazi Jewish population in addition to other mutations that occur in the same regions. METHODS We designed PCR amplicons for HRM scanning of BRCA1 exons 2 and 20 (carrying the founder mutations185delAG and 5382insC respectively) and the part of the BRCA2 exon 11 carrying the 6174delT founder mutation. The analysis was performed on an HRM-enabled real time PCR machine. RESULTS We tested DNA from the peripheral blood of 29 individuals heterozygous for known mutations. All the Ashkenazi founder mutations were readily identified. Other mutations in each region that were also readily detected included the recently identified Greek founder mutation 5331G>A in exon 20 of BRCA1. Each mutation had a reproducible melting profile. CONCLUSION HRM is a simple and rapid scanning method for known and unknown BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations that can dramatically reduce the amount of sequencing required and reduce the turnaround time for mutation screening and testing. In some cases, such as tracking mutations through pedigrees, sequencing may only be necessary to confirm positive results. This methodology will allow for the economical screening of founder mutations not only in people of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry but also in other populations with founder mutations such as Central and Eastern Europeans (BRCA1 5382insC) and Greek Europeans (BRCA1 5331G>A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Takano
- Molecular Pathology Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett St, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia.
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Bradley CK, Takano EA, Göthert JR, Göttgens B, Green AR, Begley CG, van Eekelen JAM. Temporal regulation of Cre-recombinase activity in Scl-positive neurons of the central nervous system. Genesis 2007; 45:145-51. [PMID: 17330263 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Cre/LoxP system provides a powerful tool to investigate gene function in vivo. This system requires Cre-recombinase expressing mouse lines that permit control of gene recombination in a tissue-specific and time-dependent manner. To allow spatio-temporal gene deletion in specific central nervous system (CNS) neuronal populations, we generated mice with a tamoxifen-inducible Cre (Cre-ER(T)) transgene under control of the Scl/Tal1 neural promoter/enhancer -0.9E3 (-0.9E3CreER(T) transgenic mice). Using Cre-reporter mice we have shown that tamoxifen-mediated Cre-ER(T) recombination in -0.9E3CreER(T) mice recapitulated the anticipated expression pattern of Scl in the caudal thalamus, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord. Cre-mediated recombination was also effectively induced during embryogenesis and marked the same population of neurons as observed in the adult. Additionally, we identified a tamoxifen-independent constitutively active -0.9E3CreER(T) mouse line that will be useful for gene deletion during early neurogenesis. These -0.9E3CreER(T) mice will provide tools to investigate the role of neuronal genes in the developing and mature CNS. CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara K Bradley
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
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Bradley CK, Takano EA, Hall MA, Göthert JR, Harvey AR, Begley CG, van Eekelen JAM. The essential haematopoietic transcription factor Scl is also critical for neuronal development. Eur J Neurosci 2006; 23:1677-89. [PMID: 16623824 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Scl displays tissue-restricted expression and is critical for the establishment of the haematopoietic system; loss of Scl results in embryonic death due to absolute anaemia. Scl is also expressed in neurons of the mouse diencephalon, mesencephalon and metencephalon; however, its requirement in those sites remains to be determined. Here we report conditional deletion of Scl in neuronal precursor cells using the Cre/LoxP system. Neuronal-Scl deleted mice died prematurely, were growth retarded and exhibited an altered motor phenotype characterized by hyperactivity and circling. Moreover, ablation of Scl in the nervous system affected brain morphology with abnormal neuronal development in brain regions known to express Scl under normal circumstances; there was an almost complete absence of Scl-null neurons in the hindbrain and partial loss of Scl-null neurons in the thalamus and midbrain from early neurogenesis onwards. Our results demonstrate a crucial role for Scl in the development of Scl-expressing neurons, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons. Our study represents one of the first demonstrations of functional overlap of a single bHLH protein that regulates neural and haematopoietic cell development. This finding underlines Scl's critical function in cell fate determination of mesodermal as well as neuroectodermal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara K Bradley
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and Centre for Child Health Research at the University of Western Australia, Subiaco WA 6008, Australia
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