|
1
|
Mett J, Lauer AA, Janitschke D, Griebsch LV, Theiss EL, Grimm HS, Koivisto H, Tanila H, Hartmann T, Grimm MOW. Medium-Chain Length Fatty Acids Enhance Aβ Degradation by Affecting Insulin-Degrading Enzyme. Cells 2021; 10:2941. [PMID: 34831163 PMCID: PMC8616162 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is one of the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), a zinc-metalloprotease, is a key enzyme involved in Aβ degradation, which, in addition to Aβ production, is critical for Aβ homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that saturated medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) increase total Aβ degradation whereas longer saturated fatty acids result in an inhibition of its degradation, an effect which could not be detected in IDE knock-down cells. Further analysis of the underlying molecular mechanism revealed that MCFAs result in an increased exosomal IDE secretion, leading to an elevated extracellular and a decreased intracellular IDE level whereas gene expression of IDE was unaffected in dependence of the chain length. Additionally, MCFAs directly elevated the enzyme activity of recombinant IDE, while longer-chain length fatty acids resulted in an inhibited IDE activity. The effect of MCFAs on IDE activity could be confirmed in mice fed with a MCFA-enriched diet, revealing an increased IDE activity in serum. Our data underline that not only polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but also short-chain fatty acids, highly enriched, for example in coconut oil, might be beneficial in preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Mett
- Biosciences Zoology/Physiology-Neurobiology, Faculty NT-Natural Science and Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
| | - Anna A. Lauer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Daniel Janitschke
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Lea V. Griebsch
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Elena L. Theiss
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Heike S. Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Hennariikka Koivisto
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (H.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (H.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcus O. W. Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (L.V.G.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|