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Ullrich N, Heinemann A, Nilewski E, Scheffrahn I, Klode J, Scherag A, Schadendorf D, Singer BB, Helfrich I. CEACAM1-3S Drives Melanoma Cells into NK Cell-Mediated Cytolysis and Enhances Patient Survival. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1897-907. [PMID: 25744717 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CEACAM1 is a widely expressed multifunctional cell-cell adhesion protein reported to serve as a poor prognosis marker in melanoma patients. In this study, we examine the functional and clinical contributions of the four splice isoforms of CEACAM1. Specifically, we present in vitro and in vivo evidence that they affect melanoma progression and immune surveillance in a negative or positive manner that is isoform specific in action. In contrast with isoforms CEACAM1-4S and CEACAM1-4L, expression of isoforms CEACAM1-3S and CEACAM1-3L is induced during disease progression shown to correlate with clinical stage. Unexpectedly, overall survival was prolonged in patients with advanced melanomas expressing CEACAM1-3S. The favorable effects of CEACAM1-3S related to enhanced immunogenicity, which was mediated by cell surface upregulation of NKG2D receptor ligands, thereby sensitizing melanoma cells to lysis by natural killer cells. Conversely, CEACAM1-4L downregulated cell surface levels of the NKG2D ligands MICA and ULBP2 by enhanced shedding, thereby promoting malignant character. Overall, our results define the splice isoform-specific immunomodulatory and cell biologic functions of CEACAM1 in melanoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Ullrich
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Heinemann
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Nilewski
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Inka Scheffrahn
- Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Klode
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - André Scherag
- Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard B Singer
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Iris Helfrich
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Muturi HT, Dreesen JD, Nilewski E, Jastrow H, Giebel B, Ergun S, Singer BB. Tumor and endothelial cell-derived microvesicles carry distinct CEACAMs and influence T-cell behavior. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74654. [PMID: 24040308 PMCID: PMC3770572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal and malignant cells release a variety of different vesicles into their extracellular environment. The most prominent vesicles are the microvesicles (MVs, 100-1 000 nm in diameter), which are shed of the plasma membrane, and the exosomes (70-120 nm in diameter), derivates of the endosomal system. MVs have been associated with intercellular communication processes and transport numerous proteins, lipids and RNAs. As essential component of immune-escape mechanisms tumor-derived MVs suppress immune responses. Additionally, tumor-derived MVs have been found to promote metastasis, tumor-stroma interactions and angiogenesis. Since members of the carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM)-family have been associated with similar processes, we studied the distribution and function of CEACAMs in MV fractions of different human epithelial tumor cells and of human and murine endothelial cells. Here we demonstrate that in association to their cell surface phenotype, MVs released from different human epithelial tumor cells contain CEACAM1, CEACAM5 and CEACAM6, while human and murine endothelial cells were positive for CEACAM1 only. Furthermore, MVs derived from CEACAM1 transfected CHO cells carried CEACAM1. In terms of their secretion kinetics, we show that MVs are permanently released in low doses, which are extensively increased upon cellular starvation stress. Although CEACAM1 did not transmit signals into MVs it served as ligand for CEACAM expressing cell types. We gained evidence that CEACAM1-positive MVs significantly increase the CD3 and CD3/CD28-induced T-cell proliferation. All together, our data demonstrate that MV-bound forms of CEACAMs play important roles in intercellular communication processes, which can modulate immune response, tumor progression, metastasis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Nilewski
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Holger Jastrow
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Suleyman Ergun
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard B. Singer
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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