1
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Xu W, Chen Y, Niederberger M, Tervoort E, Mei J, Peng DL. Self-Assembled Preparation of Porous Nickel Phosphide Superparticles with Tunable Phase and Porosity for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution. Small 2024:e2309435. [PMID: 38229146 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles enables the easy building of assembly units into higher-order structures and the bottom-up preparation of functional materials. Nickel phosphides represent an important group of catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from water splitting. In this paper, the preparation of porous nickel phosphide superparticles and their HER efficiencies are reported. Ni and Ni2 P nanoparticles are self-assembled into binary superparticles via an oil-in-water emulsion method. After annealing and acid etching, the as-prepared Ni-Ni2 P binary superparticles change into porous nickel phosphide superparticles. The porosity and crystalline phase of the superparticles can be tuned by adjusting the ratio of Ni and Ni2 P nanoparticles. The resulting porous superparticles are effective in driving HER under acidic conditions, and the modulation of porosity and phase further optimize the electrochemical performance. The prepared Ni3 P porous superparticles not only possess a significantly enhanced specific surface area compared to solid Ni-Ni2 P superparticles but also exhibit an excellent HER efficiency. The calculations based on the density functional theories show that the (110) crystal facet exhibits a relatively lower Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption. This work provides a self-assembly approach for the construction of porous metal phosphide nanomaterials with tunable crystalline phase and porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjie Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yuanzhi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Elena Tervoort
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Dong-Liang Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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2
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Edison E, Parrilli A, Tervoort E, Eliasson H, Niederberger M. Oriented Porous NASICON 3D Framework via Freeze-Casting for Sodium-Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37364135 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-metal batteries are promising candidates for low-cost, large-format energy storage systems. However, sodium-metal batteries suffer from high interfacial resistance between the electrodes and the solid electrolyte, leading to poor electrochemical performance. We demonstrate a sodium superionic conductor (NASICON) with an oriented porous framework of sodium aluminum titanium phosphate (NATP) fabricated by the freeze-casting technique, which shows excellent properties as a solid electrolyte. Using X-ray computed tomography, we confirm the uniform low-tortuosity channels present along the thickness of the scaffold. We infiltrated the porous NATP scaffolds with sodium vanadium phosphate (NVP) cathode nanoparticles achieving mass loadings of ∼3-4 mg cm-2, which enables short sodium ion diffusion path lengths. For the resulting hybrid cell, we achieved a capacity of ∼90 mAh g-1 at a specific current of 50 mA g-1 (∼300 Wh kg-1) for over 100 cycles with ∼94% capacity retention. Our study offers valuable insights for the design of hybrid solid electrolyte-cathode active material structures to achieve improved electrochemical performance through low-tortuosity ion transport networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldho Edison
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Annapaola Parrilli
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Elena Tervoort
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Eliasson
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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3
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Schreck M, Kleger N, Matter F, Kwon J, Tervoort E, Masania K, Studart AR, Niederberger M. 3D Printed Scaffolds for Monolithic Aerogel Photocatalysts with Complex Geometries. Small 2021; 17:e2104089. [PMID: 34661959 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monolithic aerogels composed of crystalline nanoparticles enable photocatalysis in three dimensions, but they suffer from low mechanical stability and it is difficult to produce them with complex geometries. Here, an approach to control the geometry of the photocatalysts to optimize their photocatalytic performance by introducing carefully designed 3D printed polymeric scaffolds into the aerogel monoliths is reported. This allows to systematically study and improve fundamental parameters in gas phase photocatalysis, such as the gas flow through and the ultraviolet light penetration into the aerogel and to customize its geometric shape to a continuous gas flow reactor. Using photocatalytic methanol reforming as a model reaction, it is shown that the optimization of these parameters leads to an increase of the hydrogen production rate by a factor of three from 400 to 1200 µmol g-1 h-1 . The rigid scaffolds also enhance the mechanical stability of the aerogels, lowering the number of rejects during synthesis and facilitating handling during operation. The combination of nanoparticle-based aerogels with 3D printed polymeric scaffolds opens up new opportunities to tailor the geometry of the photocatalysts for the photocatalytic reaction and for the reactor to maximize overall performance without necessarily changing the material composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Schreck
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Kleger
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Matter
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Junggou Kwon
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Elena Tervoort
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Kunal Masania
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - André R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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4
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Kwon J, Choi K, Schreck M, Liu T, Tervoort E, Niederberger M. Gas-Phase Nitrogen Doping of Monolithic TiO 2 Nanoparticle-Based Aerogels for Efficient Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic H 2 Production. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:53691-53701. [PMID: 34730952 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of visible light-active photocatalysts is essential for increasing the conversion efficiency of solar energy into hydrogen (H2). Here, we present a facile method for nitrogen doping of monolithic titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle-based aerogels to activate them for visible light. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition at low temperature enables efficient incorporation of nitrogen into preformed TiO2 aerogels without compromising their advantageous intrinsic characteristics such as large surface area, extensive porosity, and nanoscale properties of the semiconducting building blocks. By balancing the dopant concentration and the defects, the nitridation improves optical absorption and charge separation efficiency. The nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanoparticle-based aerogels loaded with palladium (Pd) nanoparticles show a significant enhancement in visible light-driven photocatalytic H2 production (3.1 mmol h-1 g-1) with excellent stability over 5 days. With this method, we introduce a powerful tool to tune the properties of nanoparticle-based aerogels after synthesis for a specific application, as exemplified by visible light-driven H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junggou Kwon
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Kyoungjun Choi
- Nanoscience for Energy Technology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Schreck
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Tian Liu
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Elena Tervoort
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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5
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Primc D, Indrizzi L, Tervoort E, Xie F, Niederberger M. Synthesis of Cu 3N and Cu 3N-Cu 2O multicomponent mesocrystals: non-classical crystallization and nanoscale Kirkendall effect. Nanoscale 2021; 13:17521-17529. [PMID: 34652362 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05767g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesocrystals are superstructures of crystallographically aligned nanoparticles and are a rapidly emerging class of crystalline materials displaying sophisticated morphologies and properties, beyond those originating from size and shape of nanoparticles alone. This study reports the first synthesis of Cu3N mesocrystals employing structure-directing agents with a subtle tuning of the reaction parameters. Detailed structural characterizations carried out with a combination of transmission electron microscopy techniques (HRTEM, HAADF-STEM-EXDS) reveal that Cu3N mesocrystals form by non-classical crystallization, and variations in their sizes and morphologies are traced back to distinct attachment scenarios of corresponding mesocrystal subunits. In the presence of oleylamine, the mesocrystal subunits in the early reaction stages prealign in a crystallographic fashion and afterwards grow into the final mesocrystals, while in the presence of hexadecylamine the subunits come into contact through misaligned attachment, and subsequently, to some degree, realign in crystallographic register. Upon prolonged heating both types of mesocrystals undergo chemical conversion processes resulting in structural and morphological changes. A two-step mechanism of chemical conversion is proposed, involving Cu3N decomposition and anion exchange driven by the nanoscale Kirkendall effect, resulting first in multicomponent/heterostructured Cu3N-Cu2O mesocrystals, which subsequently convert into Cu2O nanocages. It is anticipated that combining nanostructured Cu3N and Cu2O in a mesocrystalline and hollow morphology will provide a platform to expand their application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darinka Primc
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Luca Indrizzi
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Elena Tervoort
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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6
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Marques AC, Vale M, Vicente D, Schreck M, Tervoort E, Niederberger M. Porous Silica Microspheres with Immobilized Titania Nanoparticles for In-Flow Solar-Driven Purification of Wastewater. Glob Chall 2021; 5:2000116. [PMID: 33976905 PMCID: PMC8101353 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, inorganic silica microspheres with interconnected macroporosity are tested as a platform for designing robust and efficient photocatalytic systems for a continuous flow reactor, enabling a low cost and straightforward purification of wastewater through solar-driven photocatalysis. The photocatalytically active microspheres are prepared by wet impregnation of porous silica scaffolds with Trizma-functionalized anatase titania (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs). NPs loading of 22 wt% is obtained in the form of a thin and well-attached layer, covering the external surface of the microspheres as well as the internal surface of the pores. The TiO2 loading leads to an increase of the specific surface area by 26%, without impacting the typically interconnected macroporosity (≈60%) of the microspheres, which is essential for an efficient flow of the pollutant solution during the photocatalytic tests. These are carried out in a liquid medium for the decomposition of methyl orange and paracetamol. In addition to photocatalytic activity under continuous flow, the microspheres offer the advantage that they can be easily removed from the reaction medium, which is an appealing aspect for industrial applications. In this work, the typical issues of TiO2 NPs photocatalysts are circumvented, without the need for elaborate chemistries, and for low availability and expensive raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Marques
- CERENADEQInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaAvenida Rovisco PaisLisboa1049‐001Portugal
| | - Mário Vale
- CERENADEQInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaAvenida Rovisco PaisLisboa1049‐001Portugal
| | - Daniel Vicente
- CERENADEQInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaAvenida Rovisco PaisLisboa1049‐001Portugal
| | - Murielle Schreck
- Laboratory for Multifunctional MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH Zürich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 5Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Elena Tervoort
- Laboratory for Multifunctional MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH Zürich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 5Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH Zürich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 5Zürich8093Switzerland
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7
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Glatz H, Tervoort E, Kundu D. Unveiling Critical Insight into the Zn Metal Anode Cyclability in Mildly Acidic Aqueous Electrolytes: Implications for Aqueous Zinc Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:3522-3530. [PMID: 31887018 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cost benefit and inherent safety conferred by the energy-dense metallic zinc anode and mildly acidic aqueous electrolytes are critical to aqueous zinc batteries' (AZBs) large-scale energy-storage ambition. Aggressive research efforts in the past five years have resulted in the discovery of several high-energy positive (cathode) host materials, but understanding of the Zn anode rechargeability and any influence of the electrolyte, which are critical for AZBs' practical development, remains limited. As we unravel here, under realistic test conditions, when parameters are set keeping practical applications in mind, Zn anode cycling appears vulnerable to dendritic failure in all common AZB electrolytes. While 3 M ZnSO4 delivers the best overall performance for the Zn anode cycling, viability of the oxidatively stable "water in salt" electrolyte appears gravely restricted. Defying the general understanding of metal electrodeposition, a high current density is found to dramatically prolong the Zn cycling lifetime, achieving >8000 cycles at 20 mA cm-2 for 1 mAh cm-2 capacity in 3 M ZnSO4. High current also allows prolonged cycling at capacities of 2 and 4 mAh cm-2. Such a striking improvement in lifetime on going from low to high currents is further confirmed through Zn|Zn0.25V2O5 and Zn|LiMn2O4 full-cell studies with practical electrode loading. Not surprisingly, all the parameters influence the cycled Zn morphology, which in turn dictates the propensity for short-circuit. These findings not only divulge previously unanticipated insight into the Zn anode cycling and electrolyte performance in AZBs but also offer a rational basis to gauge their practical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien Glatz
- Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 , Zürich 8093 , Switzerland
| | - Elena Tervoort
- Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 , Zürich 8093 , Switzerland
| | - Dipan Kundu
- Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 , Zürich 8093 , Switzerland
- School of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering , UNSW , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
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8
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Chen X, Tervoort E, Huang H, Liu T, Niederberger M. SnS/N-Doped carbon composites with enhanced Li+ storage and lifetime by controlled hierarchical submicron- and nano-structuring. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01147a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hollow and dense hierarchical SnS microspheres coated with a nitrogen doped carbon layer were synthesised, tested and compared as anodes in lithium ion battery half cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Elena Tervoort
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Haijian Huang
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Tian Liu
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
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9
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Nydegger M, Deshmukh R, Tervoort E, Niederberger M, Caseri W. Composites of Copper Nanowires in Polyethylene: Preparation and Processing to Materials with NIR Dichroism. ACS Omega 2019; 4:11223-11228. [PMID: 31460223 PMCID: PMC6649297 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Agglomeration of copper nanowires (aspect ratios on the order of 1000) in polyethylene, commonly a major problem, could be prevented by modification of the nanowires with a surface layer of oleylamine. Nanocomposite films were prepared by mixing nanowire dispersions in organic solvents with polyethylene solutions followed by casting, drying, and sometimes hot pressing. Orientation of the copper nanowires by solid-state drawing of the composites at elevated temperatures led to preferential alignment of the nanowires in the drawing direction. This arrangement gave rise to a uniform dichroism in the near-infrared (NIR) region, which is uncommon in the case of the hitherto reported dichroic nanocomposites. The NIR dichroism is ascribed to the high aspect ratio of the metal wires. Hence, drawing of isotropic nanocomposites with metal wires may serve for the manufacture of NIR polarization filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Nydegger
- Laboratory
for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rupali Deshmukh
- Laboratory
for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, OSUA/205, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Elena Tervoort
- Laboratory
for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory
for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- E-mail:
| | - Walter Caseri
- Laboratory
for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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10
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Alison L, Menasce S, Bouville F, Tervoort E, Mattich I, Ofner A, Studart AR. 3D printing of sacrificial templates into hierarchical porous materials. Sci Rep 2019; 9:409. [PMID: 30674930 PMCID: PMC6344549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical porous materials are widespread in nature and find an increasing number of applications as catalytic supports, biological scaffolds and lightweight structures. Recent advances in additive manufacturing and 3D printing technologies have enabled the digital fabrication of porous materials in the form of lattices, cellular structures and foams across multiple length scales. However, current approaches do not allow for the fast manufacturing of bulk porous materials featuring pore sizes that span broadly from macroscopic dimensions down to the nanoscale. Here, ink formulations are designed and investigated to enable 3D printing of hierarchical materials displaying porosity at the nano-, micro- and macroscales. Pores are generated upon removal of nanodroplets and microscale templates present in the initial ink. Using particles to stabilize the droplet templates is key to obtain Pickering nanoemulsions that can be 3D printed through direct ink writing. The combination of such self-assembled templates with the spatial control offered by the printing process allows for the digital manufacturing of hierarchical materials exhibiting thus far inaccessible multiscale porosity and complex geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Alison
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Menasce
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Bouville
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Tervoort
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Iacopo Mattich
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Ofner
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - André R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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11
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Oberholzer P, Tervoort E, Bouzid A, Pasquarello A, Kundu D. Oxide versus Nonoxide Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zn Batteries: An Insight into the Charge Storage Mechanism and Consequences Thereof. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:674-682. [PMID: 30521309 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous Zn-ion batteries, which are being proposed as large-scale energy storage solutions because of their unparalleled safety and cost advantage, are composed of a positive host (cathode) material, a metallic zinc anode, and a mildly acidic aqueous electrolyte (pH ≈ 3-7). Typically, the charge storage mechanism is believed to be reversible Zn2+ (de)intercalation in the cathode host, with the exception of α-MnO2, for which multiple vastly different and contradicting mechanisms have been proposed. However, our present study, combining electrochemical, operando X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and in situ pH evolution analyses on two oxide hosts-tunneled α-MnO2 and layered V3O7·H2O vis-à-vis two nonoxide hosts-layered VS2 and tunneled Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2, suggests that oxides and nonoxides follow two dissimilar charge storage mechanisms. While the oxides behave as dominant proton intercalation materials, the nonoxides undergo exclusive zinc intercalation. Stabilization of H+ on the hydroxyl-terminated oxide surface is revealed to facilitate the proton intercalation by a preliminary molecular dynamics simulation study. Proton intercalation for both oxides leads to the precipitation of layered double hydroxide (LDH)-Zn4SO4(OH)6·5H2O with a ZnSO4/H2O electrolyte and a triflate anion (CF3SO3-)-based LDH with a Zn(SO3CF3)2/H2O electrolyte-on the electrode surface. The LDH precipitation buffers the pH of the electrolytes to a mildly acidic value, sustaining the proton intercalation to deliver large specific capacities for the oxides. Moreover, we also show that the stability of the LDH precipitate is crucial for the rechargeability of the oxide cathodes, revealing a critical link between the charge storage mechanism and the performance of the oxide hosts in aqueous zinc batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Oberholzer
- Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Elena Tervoort
- Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Assil Bouzid
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Échelle Atomique (CSEA) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Pasquarello
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Échelle Atomique (CSEA) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Dipan Kundu
- Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
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12
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Deshmukh R, Calvo M, Schreck M, Tervoort E, Sologubenko AS, Niederberger M. Synthesis, Spray Deposition, and Hot-Press Transfer of Copper Nanowires for Flexible Transparent Electrodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:20748-20754. [PMID: 29786418 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a solution-phase approach to the synthesis of crystalline copper nanowires (Cu NWs) with an aspect ratio >1000 via a new catalytic mechanism comprising copper ions. The synthesis involves the reaction between copper(II) chloride and copper(II) acetylacetonate in a mixture of oleylamine and octadecene. Reaction parameters such as the molar ratio of precursors as well as the volume ratio of solvents offer the possibility to tune the morphology of the final product. A simple low-cost spray deposition method was used to fabricate Cu NW films on a glass substrate. Post-treatment under reducing gas (5% H2 + 95% N2) atmosphere resulted in Cu NW films with a low sheet resistance of 24.5 Ω/sq, a transmittance of T = 71% at 550 nm (including the glass substrate), and a high oxidation resistance. Moreover, the conducting Cu NW networks on a glass substrate can easily be transferred onto a polycarbonate substrate using a simple hot-press transfer method without compromising on the electrical performance. The resulting flexible transparent electrodes show excellent flexibility ( R/ Ro < 1.28) upon bending to curvatures of 1 mm radius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Deshmukh
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Micha Calvo
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Murielle Schreck
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Elena Tervoort
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Alla S Sologubenko
- Scientific Center of Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM) , ETH Zurich , Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
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13
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Alison L, Demirörs AF, Tervoort E, Teleki A, Vermant J, Studart AR. Emulsions Stabilized by Chitosan-Modified Silica Nanoparticles: pH Control of Structure-Property Relations. Langmuir 2018; 34:6147-6160. [PMID: 29719151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In food-grade emulsions, particles with an appropriate surface modification can be used to replace surfactants and potentially enhance the stability of emulsions. During the life cycle of products based on such emulsions, they can be exposed to a broad range of pH conditions and hence it is crucial to understand how pH changes affect stability of emulsions stabilized by particles. Here, we report on a comprehensive study of the stability, microstructure, and macroscopic behavior of pH-controlled oil-in-water emulsions containing silica nanoparticles modified with chitosan, a food-grade polycation. We found that the modified colloidal particles used as stabilizers behave differently depending on the pH, resulting in unique emulsion structures at multiple length scales. Our findings are rationalized in terms of the different emulsion stabilization mechanisms involved, which are determined by the pH-dependent charges and interactions between the colloidal building blocks of the system. At pH 4, the silica particles are partially hydrophobized through chitosan modification, favoring their adsorption at the oil-water interface and the formation of Pickering emulsions. At pH 5.5, the particles become attractive and the emulsion is stabilized by a network of agglomerated particles formed between the droplets. Finally, chitosan aggregates form at pH 9 and these act as the emulsion stabilizers under alkaline conditions. These insights have important implications for the processing and use of particle-stabilized emulsions. On one hand, changes in pH can lead to undesired macroscopic phase separation or coalescence of oil droplets. On the other hand, the pH effect on emulsion behavior can be harnessed in industrial processing, either to tune their flow response by altering the pH between processing stages or to produce pH-responsive emulsions that enhance the functionality of the emulsified end products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexandra Teleki
- Nutritional R&D Center Formulation and Application , DSM Nutritional Products Ltd. , P.O. Box 2676, 4002 Basel , Switzerland
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14
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Villa I, Villa C, Monguzzi A, Babin V, Tervoort E, Nikl M, Niederberger M, Torrente Y, Vedda A, Lauria A. Demonstration of cellular imaging by using luminescent and anti-cytotoxic europium-doped hafnia nanocrystals. Nanoscale 2018; 10:7933-7940. [PMID: 29671445 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00724a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent nanoparticles are researched for their potential impact in medical science, but no materials approved for parenteral use have been available so far. To overcome this issue, we demonstrate that Eu3+-doped hafnium dioxide nanocrystals can be used as non-toxic, highly stable probes for cellular optical imaging and as radiosensitive materials for clinical treatment. Furthermore, viability and biocompatibility tests on artificially stressed cell cultures reveal their ability to buffer reactive oxygen species, proposing an anti-cytotoxic feature interesting for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Villa
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
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15
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Huang H, Wang X, Tervoort E, Zeng G, Liu T, Chen X, Sologubenko A, Niederberger M. Nano-Sized Structurally Disordered Metal Oxide Composite Aerogels as High-Power Anodes in Hybrid Supercapacitors. ACS Nano 2018; 12:2753-2763. [PMID: 29494131 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b09062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A general method for preparing nano-sized metal oxide nanoparticles with highly disordered crystal structure and their processing into stable aqueous dispersions is presented. With these nanoparticles as building blocks, a series of nanoparticles@reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite aerogels are fabricated and directly used as high-power anodes for lithium-ion hybrid supercapacitors (Li-HSCs). To clarify the effect of the degree of disorder, control samples of crystalline nanoparticles with similar particle size are prepared. The results indicate that the structurally disordered samples show a significantly enhanced electrochemical performance compared to the crystalline counterparts. In particular, structurally disordered Ni xFe yO z@rGO delivers a capacity of 388 mAh g-1 at 5 A g-1, which is 6 times that of the crystalline sample. Disordered Ni xFe yO z@rGO is taken as an example to study the reasons for the enhanced performance. Compared with the crystalline sample, density functional theory calculations reveal a smaller volume expansion during Li+ insertion for the structurally disordered Ni xFe yO z nanoparticles, and they are found to exhibit larger pseudocapacitive effects. Combined with an activated carbon (AC) cathode, full-cell tests of the lithium-ion hybrid supercapacitors are performed, demonstrating that the structurally disordered metal oxide nanoparticles@rGO||AC hybrid systems deliver high energy and power densities within the voltage range of 1.0-4.0 V. These results indicate that structurally disordered nanomaterials might be interesting candidates for exploring high-power anodes for Li-HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Huang
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Xing Wang
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Elena Tervoort
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Guobo Zeng
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Tian Liu
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Xi Chen
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Alla Sologubenko
- Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
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16
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Cerbelaud M, Videcoq A, Alison L, Tervoort E, Studart AR. Early Dynamics and Stabilization Mechanisms of Oil-in-Water Emulsions Containing Colloidal Particles Modified with Short Amphiphiles: A Numerical Study. Langmuir 2017; 33:14347-14357. [PMID: 29172534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Emulsions stabilized by mixtures of particles and amphiphilic molecules are relevant for a wide range of applications, but their dynamics and stabilization mechanisms on the colloidal level are poorly understood. Given the challenges to experimentally probe the early dynamics and mechanisms of droplet stabilization, Brownian dynamics simulations are developed here to study the behavior of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by colloidal particles modified with short amphiphiles. Simulation parameters are based on an experimental system that consists of emulsions obtained with octane as the oil phase and a suspension of alumina colloidal particles modified with short carboxylic acids as the continuous aqueous medium. The numerical results show that attractive forces between the colloidal particles favor the formation of closely packed clusters on the droplet surface or of a percolating network of particles throughout the continuous phase, depending on the amphiphile concentration. Simulations also reveal the importance of a strong adsorption of particles at the liquid interface to prevent their depletion from the droplet surface when another droplet approaches. Strongly adsorbed particles remain immobile on the droplet surface, generating an effective steric barrier against droplet coalescence. These findings provide new insights into the early dynamics and mechanisms of stabilization of emulsions using particles and amphiphilic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnaud Videcoq
- University Limoges, CNRS, SPCTS, UMR 7315 , F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Lauriane Alison
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Tervoort
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Furasova AD, Fakhardo AF, Milichko VA, Tervoort E, Niederberger M, Vinogradov VV. Synthesis of a rare-earth doped hafnia hydrosol: Towards injectable luminescent nanocolloids. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 154:21-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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Sommer MR, Alison L, Minas C, Tervoort E, Rühs PA, Studart AR. 3D printing of concentrated emulsions into multiphase biocompatible soft materials. Soft Matter 2017; 13:1794-1803. [PMID: 28165099 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02682f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
3D printing via direct ink writing (DIW) is a versatile additive manufacturing approach applicable to a variety of materials ranging from ceramics over composites to hydrogels. Due to the mild processing conditions compared to other additive manufacturing methods, DIW enables the incorporation of sensitive compounds such as proteins or drugs into the printed structure. Although emulsified oil-in-water systems are commonly used vehicles for such compounds in biomedical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications, printing of such emulsions into architectured soft materials has not been fully exploited and would open new possibilities for the controlled delivery of sensitive compounds. Here, we 3D print concentrated emulsions into soft materials, whose multiphase architecture allows for site-specific incorporation of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds into the same structure. As a model ink, concentrated emulsions stabilized by chitosan-modified silica nanoparticles are studied, because they are sufficiently stable against coalescence during the centrifugation step needed to create a bridging network of droplets. The resulting ink is ideal for 3D printing as it displays high yield stress, storage modulus and elastic recovery, through the formation of networks of droplets as well as of gelled silica nanoparticles in the presence of chitosan. To demonstrate possible architectures, we print biocompatible soft materials with tunable hierarchical porosity containing an encapsulated hydrophobic compound positioned in specific locations of the structure. The proposed emulsion-based ink system offers great flexibility in terms of 3D shaping and local compositional control, and can potentially help address current challenges involving the delivery of incompatible compounds in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne R Sommer
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Lauriane Alison
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Clara Minas
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Elena Tervoort
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick A Rühs
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - André R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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19
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Rechberger F, Mercandetti C, Tervoort E, Niederberger M. Colloidal Nanocrystal-Based BaTiO 3 Xerogels as Green Bodies: Effect of Drying and Sintering at Low Temperatures on Pore Structure and Microstructures. Langmuir 2017; 33:280-287. [PMID: 27977210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although aerogels prepared by the colloidal assembly of nanoparticles are a rapidly emerging class of highly porous and low-density materials, their ambient dried counterparts, namely xerogels, have hardly been explored. Here we report the use of nanoparticle-based BaTiO3 xerogels as green bodies, which provide a versatile route to ceramic materials under the minimization of organic additives with a significant reduction of the calcination temperature compared to that of conventional powder sintering. The structural changes of the xerogels are investigated during ambient drying by carefully analyzing the microstructure at different drying stages. For this purpose, the shrinkage was arrested by a supercritical drying step under full preservation of the intermediate microstructure, giving unprecedented insight into the structural changes during ambient drying of a nanoparticle-based gel. In a first step, the large macropores shrink because of capillary forces, followed by the collapse of residual mesopores until a dense xerogel is obtained. The whole process is accompanied by a volume shrinkage of 97% and a drop in surface area from 300 to 220 m2 g-1. Finally, the xerogels are sintered, causing another shrinkage of up to 8% with a slight increase in the average pore and crystal sizes. At temperatures higher than 700 °C, an unexpected phase transition to BaTi2O5 is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Rechberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Mercandetti
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Tervoort
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Alison L, Rühs PA, Tervoort E, Teleki A, Zanini M, Isa L, Studart AR. Pickering and Network Stabilization of Biocompatible Emulsions Using Chitosan-Modified Silica Nanoparticles. Langmuir 2016; 32:13446-13457. [PMID: 27935304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Edible solid particles constitute an attractive alternative to surfactants as stabilizers of food-grade emulsions for products requiring a long-term shelf life. Here, we report on a new approach to stabilize edible emulsions using silica nanoparticles modified by noncovalently bound chitosan oligomers. Electrostatic modification with chitosan increases the hydrophobicity of the silica nanoparticles and favors their adsorption at the oil-water interface. The interfacial adsorption of the chitosan-modified silica particles enables the preparation of oil-in-water emulsions with small droplet sizes of a few micrometers through high-pressure homogenization. This approach enables the stabilization of food-grade emulsions for more than 3 months. The emulsion structure and stability can be effectively tuned by controlling the extent of chitosan adsorption on the silica particles. Bulk and interfacial rheology are used to highlight the two stabilization mechanisms involved. Low chitosan concentration (1 wt % with respect to silica) leads to the formation of a viscoelastic film of particles adsorbed at the oil-water interface, enabling Pickering stabilization of the emulsion. By contrast, a network of agglomerated particles formed around the droplets is the predominant stabilization mechanism of the emulsions at higher chitosan content (5 wt % with respect to silica). These two pathways against droplet coalescence and coarsening open up different possibilities to engineer the long-term stabilization of emulsions for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexandra Teleki
- Nutrition R&D Center Formulation and Application, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd. , P.O. Box 2676, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Minas C, Carnelli D, Tervoort E, Studart AR. 3D Printing of Emulsions and Foams into Hierarchical Porous Ceramics. Adv Mater 2016; 28:9993-9999. [PMID: 27677912 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bulk hierarchical porous ceramics with unprecedented strength-to-weight ratio and tunable pore sizes across three different length scales are printed by direct ink writing. Such an extrusion-based process relies on the formulation of inks in the form of particle-stabilized emulsions and foams that are sufficiently stable to resist coalescence during printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Minas
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Carnelli
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Tervoort
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - André R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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22
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Deshmukh R, Tervoort E, Käch J, Rechberger F, Niederberger M. Assembly of ultrasmall Cu3N nanoparticles into three-dimensional porous monolithic aerogels. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:11616-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01451h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We present the assembly of ultrasmall Cu3N nanoparticles into aerogels with a high surface area and porosity by thermally destabilizing colloidal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Deshmukh
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Elena Tervoort
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Julian Käch
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Felix Rechberger
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
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Wong JC, Tervoort E, Busato S, Ermanni P, Gauckler LJ. Engineering macroporous composite materials using competitive adsorption in particle-stabilized foams. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 383:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tervoort E, Studart AR, Denier C, Gauckler LJ. Pickering emulsions stabilized by in situ grown biologically active alkyl gallate microneedles. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21253f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Studart AR, Libanori R, Moreno A, Gonzenbach UT, Tervoort E, Gauckler LJ. Unifying model for the electrokinetic and phase behavior of aqueous suspensions containing short and long amphiphiles. Langmuir 2011; 27:11835-11844. [PMID: 21854027 DOI: 10.1021/la202384b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous suspensions containing oppositely charged colloidal particles and amphiphilic molecules can form fluid dispersions, foams, and percolating gel networks, depending on the initial concentration of amphiphiles. While models have been proposed to explain the electrokinetic and flotation behavior of particles in the presence of long amphiphilic molecules, the effect of amphiphiles with less than six carbons in the hydrocarbon tail on the electrokinetic, rheological, and foaming behavior of aqueous suspensions remains unclear. Unlike conventional long amphiphiles (≥10 carbons), short amphiphiles do not exhibit increased adsorption on the particle surface when the number of carbons in the molecule tail is increased. On the basis of classical electrical double layer theory and the formerly proposed hemimicelle concept, we put forward a new predictive model that reconciles the adsorption and electrokinetic behavior of colloidal particles in the presence of long and short amphiphiles. By introducing in the classical Gouy-Chapman theory an energy term associated with hydrophobic interactions between the amphiphile hydrocarbon tails, we show that amphiphilic electrolytes lead to a stronger compression of the diffuse part of the electrical double layer in comparison to hydrophilic electrolytes. Scaling relationships derived from this model provide a quantitative description of the rich phase behavior of the investigated suspensions, correctly accounting for the effect of the alkyl chain length of short and long amphiphiles on the electrokinetics of such colloidal systems. The proposed model contributes to our understanding of the stabilization mechanisms of particle-stabilized foams and emulsions and might provide new insights into the physicochemical processes involved in mineral flotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Wong JCH, Tervoort E, Busato S, Gauckler LJ, Ermanni P. Controlling phase distributions in macroporous composite materials through particle-stabilized foams. Langmuir 2011; 27:3254-3260. [PMID: 21401065 DOI: 10.1021/la200224k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous foams stabilized by ceramic and thermoplastic polymeric particles provide a general method for producing novel porous materials because their extraordinary stability against disproportionation and drainage allows them to be dried and sintered into solid materials. Here, we report the different microstructures that can be obtained from liquid foams stabilized by binary mixtures of particles when the interfacial energies between the particles and the air-liquid interfaces are manipulated to promote either preferential or competitive self-assembly of the particles at the foam interface. Modification of the interfacial energies was accomplished through surface modification of the particles or by decreasing the surface tension of the aqueous phase. Materials derived from liquid foams stabilized by poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and alumina (Al(2)O(3)) particles are investigated. However, as is shown, the method can be extended to other polymeric and ceramic particles and provides the possibility to manufacture a wide range of porous composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C H Wong
- Centre of Structure Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 27, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Wong JCH, Tervoort E, Busato S, Gonzenbach UT, Studart AR, Ermanni P, Gauckler LJ. Designing macroporous polymers from particle-stabilized foams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm00655f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Semipermeable, hollow capsules are attractive materials for the encapsulation and delivery of active agents in food processing, pharmaceutical and agricultural industries, and biomedicine. These capsules can be produced by forming a solid shell of close packed colloidal particles, typically polymeric particles, at the surface of emulsion droplets. However, current methods to prepare such capsules may involve multistep chemical procedures to tailor the surface chemistry of particles or are limited to particles that exhibit inherently the right hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance to adsorb around emulsion droplets. In this work, we describe a general and simple method to fabricate semipermeable, inorganic capsules from emulsion droplets stabilized by a wide variety of colloidal metal oxide particles. The assembly of particles at the oil-water interface is induced by the in situ hydrophobization of the particle surface through the adsorption of short amphiphilic molecules. The adsorption of particles at the interface leads to stable capsules comprising a single layer of particles in the outer shell. Such capsules can be used in the wet state or can be further processed into dry capsules. The permeability of the capsules can be modified by filling the interstices between the shell particles with polymeric or inorganic species. Functional capsules with biocompatible, bioresorbable, heat-resistant, chemical-resistant, and magnetic properties were prepared using alumina, silica, iron oxide, or tricalcium phosphate as particles in the shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilke Akartuna
- Nonmetallic Inorganic Materials, Department of Materials,ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Wong JCH, Tervoort E, Busato S, Gonzenbach UT, Studart AR, Ermanni P, Gauckler LJ. Macroporous polymers from particle-stabilized foams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b908926h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Akartuna I, Studart AR, Tervoort E, Gonzenbach UT, Gauckler LJ. Stabilization of oil-in-water emulsions by colloidal particles modified with short amphiphiles. Langmuir 2008; 24:7161-7168. [PMID: 18547079 DOI: 10.1021/la800478g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Emulsions stabilized through the adsorption of colloidal particles at the liquid-liquid interface have long been used and investigated in a number of different applications. The interfacial adsorption of particles can be induced by adjusting the particle wetting behavior in the liquid media. Here, we report a new approach to prepare stable oil-in-water emulsions by tailoring the wetting behavior of colloidal particles in water using short amphiphilic molecules. We illustrate the method using hydrophilic metal oxide particles initially dispersed in the aqueous phase. The wettability of such particles in water is reduced by an in situ surface hydrophobization that induces particle adsorption at oil-water interfaces. We evaluate the conditions required for particle adsorption at the liquid-liquid interface and discuss the effect of the emulsion initial composition on the final microstructure of oil-water mixtures containing high concentrations of alumina particles modified with short carboxylic acids. This new approach for emulsion preparation can be easily applied to a variety of other metal oxide particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilke Akartuna
- Nonmetallic Inorganic Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Inorganic colloidal particles which are in situ hydrophobized upon adsorption of short-chain amphiphilic molecules can be used as foam stabilizers. In this study, we tailor the microstructure of particle-stabilized wet foams, namely, the foam air content, average bubble size, and bubble size distribution, by changing the composition of the initial colloidal suspension. Wet foams featuring average bubble sizes between 10 and 200 microm and air contents between 45% and 90% were obtained by adjusting the amphiphile and particle concentration, pH, ionic strength, and particle size in the initial suspension. The influence of these parameters on the bubble size was satisfactorily described in terms of a balance between the shear stress applied during mixing and the counteracting Laplace pressure of the air bubbles. This model, originally developed for oil droplets in emulsions, can therefore be used to deliberately tailor the microstructure of particle-stabilized wet foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs T Gonzenbach
- Nonmetallic Inorganic Materials, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Studart AR, Gonzenbach UT, Akartuna I, Tervoort E, Gauckler LJ. Materials from foams and emulsions stabilized by colloidal particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b703255b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Wet foams are used in many important technologies either as end or intermediate products. However, the thermodynamic instability of wet foams leads to undesired bubble coarsening over time. Foam stability can be drastically improved by using particles instead of surfactants as foam stabilizers, since particles tend to adsorb irreversibly at the air-water interface. Recently, we presented a novel method for the preparation of high-volume particle-stabilized foams which show neither bubble growth nor drainage over more than 4 days. The method is based on the in-situ hydrophobization of initially hydrophilic particles to enable their adsorption on the surface of air bubbles. In-situ hydrophobization is accomplished through the adsorption of short-chain amphiphiles on the particle surface. In this work, we illustrate how this novel method can be applied to particles with various surface chemistries. For that purpose, the functional group of the amphiphilic molecule was tailored according to the surface chemistry of the particles to be used as foam stabilizers. Short-chain carboxylic acids, alkyl gallates, and alkylamines were shown to be appropriate amphiphiles to in-situ hydrophobize the surface of different inorganic particles. Ultrastable wet foams of various chemical compositions were prepared using these amphiphiles. The simplicity and versatility of this approach is expected to aid the formulation of stable wet foams for a variety of applications in materials manufacturing, food, cosmetics, and oil recovery, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs T Gonzenbach
- Nonmetallic Inorganic Materials, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs T Gonzenbach
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, HCI G 539, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Wyss HM, Tervoort E, Meier LP, Müller M, Gauckler LJ. Relation between microstructure and mechanical behavior of concentrated silica gels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 273:455-62. [PMID: 15082380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2003] [Accepted: 01/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We produce concentrated (40 vol%) gels of uniformly sized silica particles by an in situ process, based on the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of urea in the liquid phase of electrostatically stabilized suspensions. Two different methods are used: Either the pH of the suspensions is shifted toward the isoelectric point of the particles (delta pH method), or the ionic strength is continuously increased at constant pH (deltaI method). We compare the two kinds of gels in terms of elastic and yield behavior as well as microstructure by using rheological measurements in oscillation and high-pressure freezing in combination with cryo-SEM, respectively. Results suggest a strong increase of elastic and yield properties in concentrated particle gels with decreasing homogeneity of their microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans M Wyss
- Nonmetallic Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8092, Switzerland
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Wyss HM, Deliormanli AM, Tervoort E, Gauckler LJ. Influence of microstructure on the rheological behavior of dense particle gels. AIChE J 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.10296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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