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Pyne JH, Myint E, Clark SP, Barr EM, Hou R. Early invasive squamous cell carcinoma recurrence rates: A study examining surgical margins, tumor surface diameter, invasion depth, and grade of differentiation in 1296 cases over 9 years. J Cutan Pathol 2018; 46:111-116. [PMID: 30421522 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is typically treated by surgical excision. METHODS Consecutive SCC excisions were reviewed prospectively in a single Australian center from 2009 to 2017. Cases were examined for recurrence by histopathologic margins, microscopic tumor surface diameter, invasion depth, grade of differentiation, and anatomic site. RESULTS Over 9 years, 1296 cases were collected. By grade of differentiation maximum average microscopic surface diameters ranged from 8.0 to 9.6 mm and maximum average depths from 1.3 to 2.5 mm. Minimum average histopathologic margins for well, moderate, and poorly differentiated SCC, respectively, were 1.4, 1.1, and 1.3 mm. Recurrence occurred in 1.7% of well (n = 18/1084), 1.8% moderate (n = 3/165) and 6.4% in poorly differentiated (n = 3/47) SCC. No recurrence occurred beyond a histopathologic margin of 3.5 mm for well and 2.5 mm for moderately differentiated SCC. Highest recurrence for well-differentiated SCC by anatomic site was the lip (7.0%) then ear (4.6%). CONCLUSION We found a recurrence rate of 1.0% for histopathologic margins of 1.5 mm with early well-differentiated SCC. The grade of differentiation and anatomic site had a larger influence on recurrence rates compared to the histopathologic margins. Poorly differentiated SCC and ear or lip sites require wider surgical margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Pyne
- The Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Esther Myint
- The Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon P Clark
- The Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Barr
- The Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruihang Hou
- The Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Pyne JH, Myint E, Barr EM, Clark SP, Hou R. Basal cell carcinoma: variation in invasion depth by subtype, sex, and anatomic site in 4,565 cases. Dermatol Pract Concept 2018; 8:314-319. [PMID: 30479863 PMCID: PMC6246053 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.0804a13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The depth of invasion by basal cell carcinoma (BCC) subtypes varies. Objective To investigate BCC invasion depth variation by subtype and anatomic site. Method A prospective consecutive case series of excised BCC from 2009 to 2014 in a single Australian clinic. Results Descending mean depths for a total of 4,565 BCC cases by subtype were as follows: nodulocystic, 1.9 mm (n = 84, 95% CI: 1.70-2.03, P = 0.66); nodular, 1.6 mm (n = 947, 95% CI: 1.53-1.63, P < 0.0001); aggressive, 1.5 mm (n = 925, 95% CI: 1.44-1.59, P < 0.0001); superficial combined with nodular, 0.9 mm (n = 1,081, 95% CI: 0.83-0.90, P < 0.0001); and superficial, 0.3 mm (n = 1,528, 95% CI: 0.32-0.36, P < 0.0001). Deeper invasion was associated with increased chronic sunlight exposed sites. The deepest aggressive BCCs occurred on the neck with a mean depth of 1.8 mm (n = 46, 95% CI: 1.47-2.21). Conclusion We found significant differences in the depth of invasion for BCCs by sex, subtype, and anatomic site. For BCC with characteristics matching this study, overall adequate microscopic excision depths are proposed: superficial, 1.0 mm; superficial combined with nodular, 2.0 mm; nodular, 3.0 mm; and aggressive, 3.0 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Pyne
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Esther Myint
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Barr
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Simon P Clark
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ruihang Hou
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Pyne JH, Myint E, Barr EM, Clark SP, David M, Na R, Hou R. Superficial basal cell carcinoma: A comparison of superficial only subtype with superficial combined with other subtypes by age, sex and anatomic site in 3150 cases. J Cutan Pathol 2017; 44:677-683. [PMID: 28493477 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) may present as superficial subtype alone (sBCC) or superficial combined with other subtypes. The objective of this study was to compare sBCC without or with other BCC subtypes by age, sex and anatomic site. METHODS We retrospectively collected superficial BCC with the above characteristics from an Australian center during 2009 to 2014. RESULTS We recorded 1528 sBCC and 1622 superficial BCC combined with other BCC subtype cases. Males numbered 2007 and females 1140. On males, head sites (forehead, cheek, nose and ear combined) compared to limb plus trunk sites displayed a higher incidence of superficial BCC combined with either nodular and or aggressive BCC subtypes (OR 13.15 CI 95% 8.9-19.5 P < .0001). On females a similar comparison also found a higher incidence of superficial BCC combined with solid subtype BCC on head sites compared to trunk and limb sites (OR 9.66 CI 95% 5.8-16.1 P < .0001). CONCLUSION Superficial BCC alone is more likely on younger females on trunk and limb sites. Small partial biopsies reported as sBCC may miss other BCC subtypes present with higher risk on facial sites for males and females. Males had smaller proportions of superficial only subtype BCC on facial and ear sites compared to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Pyne
- The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Esther Myint
- The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Simon P Clark
- The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael David
- The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Renua Na
- The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ruihang Hou
- The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, Australia
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Barr EM. The Relationship between Student and Clinical Supervisor: Based on a Talk Given to Occupational Therapists Employed by Local Authority. Br J Occup Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/030802268705001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Leydiker KB, Neidich JA, Lorey F, Barr EM, Puckett RL, Lobo RM, Abdenur JE. Maternal medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency identified by newborn screening. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 103:92-5. [PMID: 21354840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Prior to the advent of expanded newborn screening, sudden and unexplained death was often the first and only symptom of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD). With the use of tandem mass spectrometry, infants can now be identified and treated before a life threatening metabolic decompensation occurs. Newborn screening has also been shown to detect previously undiagnosed maternal inborn errors of metabolism. We have now diagnosed two women with MCADD following the identification of low free carnitine in their newborns. While one of the women reported prior symptoms of fasting intolerance, neither had a history of metabolic decompensation or other symptoms consistent with a fatty acid oxidation disorder. These cases illustrate the importance of including urine organic acid analysis and an acylcarnitine profile as part of the confirmatory testing algorithm for mothers when low free carnitine is identified in their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Leydiker
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, CHOC Children's, 455 S. Main St., Orange, CA 92868, USA
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Scolyer RA, Bonar SF, Palmer AA, Barr EM, Wills EJ, Stalley P, Schatz J, Soper J, Li LXL, McCarthy SW. Parachordoma is not distinguishable from axial chordoma using immunohistochemistry. Pathol Int 2004; 54:364-70. [PMID: 15086843 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2004.01633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parachordoma is a rare soft tissue tumor that morphologically resembles chordoma of the axial skeleton but occurs in a peripheral site. A recent study reported immunohistochemical differences between chordoma and parachordoma. While both tumors were positive for cytokeratin (CK) 8/18 (as recognized by the antibody Cam5.2), S100 and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), only the chordoma was positive for CK7, CK20, CK 1/5/10/14 (as recognized by the antibody 34betaE12) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). It has since been suggested that tumors indistinguishable from chordoma that involve the periphery should be termed chordoma periphericum and that these tumors are distinct from parachordoma. In the current study, the clinical, radiological, pathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of a chordoma-like tumor involving the deep soft tissues of the lower leg of a 69-year-old woman are presented. Microscopically, the tumor had a pseudolobulated growth pattern and consisted of sheets, nests and cords of epithelioid cells, some with a physaliferous appearance, separated by abundant myxoid stroma. The tumor cells were positive for CK 8/18, EMA and S100, showed focal staining for CK7, and were negative for CK20, CK 1/5/10/14 and CEA. On the basis of these results a diagnosis of parachordoma was favored. For comparison, an immunohistochemical analysis of five axial chordomas was also performed. The chordomas showed positivity for CK 8/18 (5 of 5 cases), EMA (5 of 5 cases), S100 (5 of 5 cases), CK 1/5/10/14 (1 of 5 cases) and CK7 (1 of 5 cases). Stains for CK20 and CEA were negative in all five chordomas. The results of the present study suggest that the expression of antigens for CK 1/5/10/14, CK7, CK20 and CEA in chordoma might not be as common as what has been previously reported. The results also suggest that parachordoma might not be easily distinguished immunohistochemically from axial chordoma (and therefore also from so-called chordoma periphericum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Scolyer
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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Abstract
Groin dissection was performed in adult male post-mortem subjects to establish the prevalence of inguinal canal "lipoma." Thirty-six body halves (age range 24-92 years) were studied. Of these, 27 (75%) contained a discrete mass of fat within the inguinal canal. This mass was always continuous with the preperitoneal fat through the deep inguinal ring. Nineteen of these 27 masses (70%), displayed a characteristic pedunculated form with a bulbous distal end. Eighteen of the 36 dissections (50%), revealed a mass more than 4 cm in length. Six dissections showed extension of the mass beyond the superficial inguinal ring and three of these six (8% of the 36 groins studied) showed distortion of the proximal spermatic cord with a mass at the superficial inguinal ring. The masses submitted for histology comprised mature adipose tissue and all but two of these were reported as having an adherent capsule. No significant correlation was found between mass length and either subject age or body mass index (BMI) but a statistically significant correlation between the length of the fat mass on the left and right sides was shown. This study demonstrates that the inguinal canal "lipoma" is a common feature in an adult male population and may be of sufficient size to cause clinical misdiagnosis. The high prevalence, characteristic location and appearance of the "lipoma" suggest a developmental etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ann Heller
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Institute for Biomedical Research, The University of Sydney, Australia.
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Abstract
Synaptosomes were isolated from cerebral cortex of 3-, 18- and 24-month-old male, Fisher 344 rats and 45Ca2+ uptake was measured at 1, 3, 5, 15 and 30 s time periods following 65 mM KCl depolarization. Identical experiments were performed in which 5 mM KCl was added to examine age-related changes in resting 45Ca2+ accumulation by synaptosomes. Both 'fast-' and 'slow-phase' voltage-dependent 45Ca2+ uptake were significantly reduced in synaptosomes from 18- and 24- vs 3-month-old rats. No age-related change in resting (5 mM KCl) 45Ca2+ accumulation was observed. ATP-dependent and respiration-linked 45Ca2+ uptake was examined in mitochondria isolated from whole brains of 3- and 28-month-old male, hooded Long-Evans rats. Both ATP-dependent and glutamate-malate-ADP stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria were markedly reduced in response to aging. Respiratory control ratios were the same for 3- and 28-month-old mitochondria, suggesting that the decrement in 45Ca2+ uptake was not caused by an age-related decline in respiratory activity of mitochondria. The results of this study show that both voltage-dependent calcium entry into presynaptic nerve terminals and calcium uptake by mitochondria in brain decline with advanced aging. Age-related changes in cytosolic calcium levels could underlie, at least in part, cellular decrements in brain observed with aging.
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Abstract
Voltage-dependent 45Ca2+ uptake into rat whole brain synaptosomes was measured after 3-s KCl-induced depolarization to investigate possible inhibitory effects of calcium antagonists, nitrendipine, nimodipine, and nisoldipine. At a Ca2+ concentration of 1.2 mM, nitrendipine, in concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 10 microM, had no effect on 45Ca2+ uptake. When the Ca2+ concentration was lowered to 0.06 and 0.12 mM, nitrendipine, 10 microM, inhibited 45Ca2+ uptake in response to 109 mM KCl depolarization. However, in a separate concentration response study, nitrendipine, nimodipine, and nisoldipine, 0.1 nM to 10 microM, failed to alter the uptake of 45Ca2+ (0.06 mM Ca2+) into 30 mM KCl-depolarized synaptosomes. The high concentrations of these agents required to depress 45Ca2+ uptake indicate that the dihydropyridine calcium antagonists are considerably less potent in brain tissue than in peripheral tissue.
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Barr EM. Frenchay Hospital mobile resuscitation unit. Nurs Times 1972; 68:1201-3. [PMID: 5077304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Barr EM. Value of distraction therapy during hospitalisation. Nurs Mirror Midwives J 1968; 127:34-5. [PMID: 5187786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
Light-induced modifications in lipoxidase metabolism and chlorophyll formation in the cotyledon of squash (Cucurbita moscata) seedlings were determined. The enzyme activity decreased as light intensity increased, but chlorophyll continued to accumulate long after lipoxidase activity had virtually disappeared. Considering the differences in the levels of irradiance required to manifest the optimal responses, and also from the results obtained with ultraviolet and red, far-red light treatments, any causal relationship between lipoxidase disappearance and chlorophyll synthesis was ruled out.The observed light-saturation phase in the chlorophyll synthesis, indicated that chlorophyll formation was initially controlled by the phytochrome system. No similar saturation stage for the enzyme responses was observed.The sensitivity of lipoxidase to prolonged light exposures suggested a strong correlation with the known photoreactions presumed to be controlled by the high energy reactive-phytochrome system. Lipoxidase metabolism is, therefore, suggested as a biochemical index for the photomorphogenic reactions similar to the ones induced by the high energy reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Surrey
- Division of Biological and Medical Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
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Barr EM. Pharyngolaryngectomy and oesophageal replacement for carcinoma; a nursing care study. Nurs Times 1966; 62:470-2. [PMID: 5908904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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