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López-Yglesias AH, Lu CC, Lai MA, Quarles EK, Zhao X, Hajjar AM, Smith KD. FlgM is required to evade NLRC4-mediated host protection against flagellated Salmonella. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0025523. [PMID: 37638725 PMCID: PMC10501211 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00255-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide and a deadly pathogen in children, immunocompromised patients, and the elderly. Salmonella induces innate immune responses through the NLRC4 inflammasome, which has been demonstrated to have distinct roles during systemic and mucosal detections of flagellin and non-flagellin molecules. We hypothesized that NLRC4 recognition of Salmonella flagellin is the dominant protective pathway during infection. To test this hypothesis, we used wild-type, flagellin-deficient, and flagellin-overproducing Salmonella to establish the role of flagellin in mediating NLRC4-dependent host resistance during systemic and mucosal infections in mice. We observed that during the systemic phase of infection, Salmonella efficiently evades NLRC4-mediated innate immunity. During mucosal Salmonella infection, flagellin recognition by the NLRC4 inflammasome pathway is the dominant mediator of protective innate immunity. Deletion of flgM results in constitutive expression of flagellin and severely limits systemic and mucosal Salmonella infections in an NLRC4 inflammasome-dependent manner. These data establish that recognition of Salmonella's flagellin by the NLRC4 inflammasome during mucosal infection is the dominant innate protective pathway for host resistance against the enteric pathogen and that FlgM-mediated evasion of the NLRC4 inflammasome enhances virulence and intestinal tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun-Chi Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marvin A. Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ellen K. Quarles
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adeline M. Hajjar
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kelly D. Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen K Quarles
- University of Michigan, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Yousefzadeh MJ, Schafer MJ, Noren Hooten N, Atkinson EJ, Evans MK, Baker DJ, Quarles EK, Robbins PD, Ladiges WC, LeBrasseur NK, Niedernhofer LJ. Circulating levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as a potential measure of biological age in mice and frailty in humans. Aging Cell 2018; 17. [PMID: 29290100 PMCID: PMC5847863 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A serum biomarker of biological versus chronological age would have significant impact on clinical care. It could be used to identify individuals at risk of early‐onset frailty or the multimorbidities associated with old age. It may also serve as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials targeting mechanisms of aging. Here, we identified MCP‐1/CCL2, a chemokine responsible for recruiting monocytes, as a potential biomarker of biological age. Circulating monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) levels increased in an age‐dependent manner in wild‐type (WT) mice. That age‐dependent increase was accelerated in Ercc1−/Δ and Bubr1H/H mouse models of progeria. Genetic and pharmacologic interventions that slow aging of Ercc1−/Δ and WT mice lowered serum MCP‐1 levels significantly. Finally, in elderly humans with aortic stenosis, MCP‐1 levels were significantly higher in frail individuals compared to nonfrail. These data support the conclusion that MCP‐1 can be used as a measure of mammalian biological age that is responsive to interventions that extend healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Yousefzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Center on Aging; The Scripps Research Institute; Jupiter FL USA
| | - Marissa J. Schafer
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Rochester MN USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Rochester MN USA
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Atkinson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics; Department of Health Sciences Research; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Rochester MN USA
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Darren J. Baker
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Rochester MN USA
| | - Ellen K. Quarles
- Department of Pathology; University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
| | - Paul D. Robbins
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Center on Aging; The Scripps Research Institute; Jupiter FL USA
| | - Warren C. Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine; University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
| | - Nathan K. LeBrasseur
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Rochester MN USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Rochester MN USA
| | - Laura J. Niedernhofer
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Center on Aging; The Scripps Research Institute; Jupiter FL USA
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An JY, Quarles EK, Mekvanich S, Kang A, Liu A, Santos D, Miller RA, Rabinovitch PS, Cox TC, Kaeberlein M. Rapamycin treatment attenuates age-associated periodontitis in mice. GeroScience 2017; 39:457-463. [PMID: 28889220 PMCID: PMC5636779 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-9994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interventions that target biological mechanisms of aging have great potential to enhance quality of life by delaying morbidity and mortality. The FDA-approved drug rapamycin is a compelling candidate for such an intervention. In a previous study, it was reported that 3 months of rapamycin treatment is sufficient to increase life expectancy and remodel the gut microbiome in aged mice. Transient treatment with rapamycin or a rapamycin derivative has also been shown to delay immune stem cell senescence and rejuvenate immune function in aged mice and elderly people. Periodontal disease is an important age-related disease involving altered immune function, pathological changes to the oral microbiome, and systemic inflammation. Periodontal disease is defined clinically by loss of alveolar bone and by connective tissue degeneration. Here, we describe significant alveolar bone loss during aging in two different mouse strain backgrounds and report that rapamycin treatment is sufficient to reverse age-associated periodontal disease in mice. Partial restoration of youthful levels of alveolar bone is observed in 22-month-old rapamycin-treated mice as rapidly as 8 weeks after initiation of treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first intervention shown to substantially prevent or reverse age-associated alveolar bone loss. These findings suggest the possibility that inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin or other pharmacological agents may be useful to treat a clinically relevant condition for which there is currently no effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Y An
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ellen K Quarles
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Surapat Mekvanich
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alex Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Anthony Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Danielle Santos
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Peter S Rabinovitch
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Timothy C Cox
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Lu C, Zhao X, Lai MA, Lopez-Yglesias AH, Quarles EK, Lo C, Smith KD. Commensal E. coli induced colonization resistance against mucosal Salmonella infection. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.66.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Salmonella is the causative agent in Salmonellosis and is a leading cause of gastrointestinal bacterial infections worldwide. During mucosal Salmonella infection Salmonella must first establish a niche in the gastrointestinal tract in order to initiate infection. Colonization resistance (CR), defined as the ability of intestinal microbiota and host defenses to protect against pathogens, is the first line defense against intestinal infection. The mechanism for commensal bacteria mediated CR has been studied for a long time; however, only a few studies have explored how microbiota can induce CR against Salmonella infection. Herein we demonstrate that a mouse commensal E. coli strain mediates CR against mucosal Salmonella Typhimurium infection, and that this CR is independent of the inflammasome, TLR5, MyD88, adaptive immunity, and a complex microbiome. The commensal E. coli strain does not directly compete with Salmonella growth in vitro, and is only capable of inducing colonization resistance in vivo. Gene expression analysis demonstrates that colonization of mice by commensal E. coli induces a large number of host defense genes involved in the regulation of mucosal barriers, innate immune cells and arachidonic acid metabolism. Our studies demonstrate that commensal E. coli interacts with the host through a novel pathway to induce CR against mucosal Salmonella infection and illuminate the complex interactions between microbiota and the host that shape defenses and defend against enteric infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchi Lu
- 1Univ. of Washington
- 2Natl. Defense Med. Ctr., Taiwan
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Quarles EK, Dai DF, Tocchi A, Basisty N, Gitari L, Rabinovitch PS. Quality control systems in cardiac aging. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 23:101-15. [PMID: 25702865 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac aging is an intrinsic process that results in impaired cardiac function, along with cellular and molecular changes. These degenerative changes are intimately associated with quality control mechanisms. This review provides a general overview of the clinical and cellular changes which manifest in cardiac aging, and the quality control mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis and retarding aging. These mechanisms include autophagy, ubiquitin-mediated turnover, apoptosis, mitochondrial quality control and cardiac matrix homeostasis. Finally, we discuss aging interventions that have been observed to impact cardiac health outcomes. These include caloric restriction, rapamycin, resveratrol, GDF11, mitochondrial antioxidants and cardiolipin-targeted therapeutics. A greater understanding of the quality control mechanisms that promote cardiac homeostasis will help to understand the benefits of these interventions, and hopefully lead to further improved therapeutic modalities.
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Karunadharma PP, Basisty N, Dai DF, Chiao YA, Quarles EK, Hsieh EJ, Crispin D, Bielas JH, Ericson NG, Beyer RP, MacKay VL, MacCoss MJ, Rabinovitch PS. Subacute calorie restriction and rapamycin discordantly alter mouse liver proteome homeostasis and reverse aging effects. Aging Cell 2015; 14:547-57. [PMID: 25807975 PMCID: PMC4531069 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) and rapamycin (RP) extend lifespan and improve health across model organisms. Both treatments inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, a conserved longevity pathway and a key regulator of protein homeostasis, yet their effects on proteome homeostasis are relatively unknown. To comprehensively study the effects of aging, CR, and RP on protein homeostasis, we performed the first simultaneous measurement of mRNA translation, protein turnover, and abundance in livers of young (3 month) and old (25 month) mice subjected to 10-week RP or 40% CR. Protein abundance and turnover were measured in vivo using (2) H3 -leucine heavy isotope labeling followed by LC-MS/MS, and translation was assessed by polysome profiling. We observed 35-60% increased protein half-lives after CR and 15% increased half-lives after RP compared to age-matched controls. Surprisingly, the effects of RP and CR on protein turnover and abundance differed greatly between canonical pathways, with opposite effects in mitochondrial (mt) dysfunction and eIF2 signaling pathways. CR most closely recapitulated the young phenotype in the top pathways. Polysome profiles indicated that CR reduced polysome loading while RP increased polysome loading in young and old mice, suggesting distinct mechanisms of reduced protein synthesis. CR and RP both attenuated protein oxidative damage. Our findings collectively suggest that CR and RP extend lifespan in part through the reduction of protein synthetic burden and damage and a concomitant increase in protein quality. However, these results challenge the notion that RP is a faithful CR mimetic and highlight mechanistic differences between the two interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan Basisty
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Dao-Fu Dai
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ying A Chiao
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ellen K Quarles
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Edward J Hsieh
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - David Crispin
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jason H Bielas
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Nolan G Ericson
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Richard P Beyer
- Department of Environmental Health and Biostatistics, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Vivian L MacKay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Michael J MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Peter S Rabinovitch
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Correspondence, Peter S. Rabinovitch, Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., HSB-K081, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Tel.: 206-685-3761; fax: 206-616-8271; e-mail:
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Tocchi A, Quarles EK, Basisty N, Gitari L, Rabinovitch PS. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac aging. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015; 1847:1424-33. [PMID: 26191650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in most developed nations. While it has received the least public attention, aging is the dominant risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases, as the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases increases dramatically with increasing age. Cardiac aging is an intrinsic process that results in impaired cardiac function, along with cellular and molecular changes. Mitochondria play a great role in these processes, as cardiac function is an energetically demanding process. In this review, we examine mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac aging. Recent research has demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction can disrupt morphology, signaling pathways, and protein interactions; conversely, mitochondrial homeostasis is maintained by mechanisms that include fission/fusion, autophagy, and unfolded protein responses. Finally, we describe some of the recent findings in mitochondrial targeted treatments to help meet the challenges of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Tocchi
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA.
| | - Ellen K Quarles
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA.
| | - Nathan Basisty
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA.
| | - Lemuel Gitari
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA.
| | - Peter S Rabinovitch
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA.
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López-Yglesias AH, Zhao X, Quarles EK, Lai MA, VandenBos T, Strong RK, Smith KD. Flagellin induces antibody responses through a TLR5- and inflammasome-independent pathway. J Immunol 2014; 192:1587-96. [PMID: 24442437 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Flagellin is a potent immunogen that activates the innate immune system via TLR5 and Naip5/6, and generates strong T and B cell responses. The adaptor protein MyD88 is critical for signaling by TLR5, as well as IL-1Rs and IL-18Rs, major downstream mediators of the Naip5/6 Nlrc4-inflammasome. In this study, we define roles of known flagellin receptors and MyD88 in Ab responses generated toward flagellin. We used mice genetically deficient in flagellin recognition pathways to characterize innate immune components that regulate isotype-specific Ab responses. Using purified flagellin from Salmonella, we dissected the contribution of innate flagellin recognition pathways to promote Ab responses toward flagellin and coadministered OVA in C57BL/6 mice. We demonstrate IgG2c responses toward flagellin were TLR5 and inflammasome dependent; IgG1 was the dominant isotype and partially TLR5 and inflammasome dependent. Our data indicate a substantial flagellin-specific IgG1 response was induced through a TLR5-, inflammasome-, and MyD88-independent pathway. IgA anti-FliC responses were TLR5 and MyD88 dependent and caspase-1 independent. Unlike C57BL/6 mice, flagellin-immunized A/J mice induced codominant IgG1 and IgG2a responses. Furthermore, MyD88-independent, flagellin-induced Ab responses were even more pronounced in A/J MyD88(-/-) mice, and IgA anti-FliC responses were suppressed by MyD88. Flagellin also worked as an adjuvant toward coadministered OVA, but it only promoted IgG1 anti-OVA responses. Our results demonstrate that a novel pathway for flagellin recognition contributes to Ab production. Characterization of this pathway will be useful for understanding immunity to flagellin and the rationale design of flagellin-based vaccines.
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