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De Lange ES, Laplanche D, Guo H, Xu W, Vlimant M, Erb M, Ton J, Turlings TCJ. Spodoptera frugiperda Caterpillars Suppress Herbivore-Induced Volatile Emissions in Maize. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:344-360. [PMID: 32002720 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The vast spectrum of inducible plant defenses can have direct negative effects on herbivores, or indirect effects, for instance in the form of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that attract natural enemies. Various arthropods have evolved ways to suppress plant defenses. To test whether this is the case for caterpillar-induced HIPVs, we compared the volatile induction by Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is particularly well adapted to feed on maize (Zea mays), with the induction by three more generalist noctuid larvae. We tested the hypothesis that S. frugiperda suppresses HIPV emissions in maize, and thereby reduces attractiveness to natural enemies. HIPV emissions triggered by S. frugiperda when feeding on maize were indeed found to be significantly weaker than by Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera exigua, and Helicoverpa armigera. The suppression seems specific for maize, as we found no evidence for this when S. frugiperda caterpillars fed on cotton (Gossypium herbaceum). Artificially damaged maize plants treated with larval regurgitant revealed that HIPV suppression may be related to factors in the caterpillars' oral secretions. We also found evidence that differential physical damage that the caterpillars inflict on maize leaves may play a role. The suppressed induction of HIPVs had no apparent consequences for the attraction of a common parasitoid of S. frugiperda, Cotesia marginiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Nevertheless, the ability to manipulate the defenses of its main host plant may have contributed to the success of S. frugiperda as a major pest of maize, especially in Africa and Asia, which it has recently invaded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira S De Lange
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 367 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Diane Laplanche
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Michèle Vlimant
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Erb
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jurriaan Ton
- Plant Production & Protection Institute of Plant and Soil Biology, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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De Lange ES, Salamanca J, Polashock J, Rodriguez-Saona C. Genotypic Variation and Phenotypic Plasticity in Gene Expression and Emissions of Herbivore-Induced Volatiles, and their Potential Tritrophic Implications, in Cranberries. J Chem Ecol 2019; 45:298-312. [PMID: 30607684 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-1043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects are important problems in cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) production. The use of chemical pesticides is common practice, but beneficial insects such as natural enemies of herbivores (e.g. predators and parasitoids) could be affected as well. Therefore, we studied the defensive mechanisms that cranberry plants use to combat pests, focusing on herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), which can be used to recruit predators and parasitoids foraging for prey or hosts. Then, we used synthetic HIPVs to test the attraction of natural enemies. In a greenhouse, we assessed nine cranberry genotypes for expression of genes involved in HIPV biosynthesis and/or emission of HIPVs. In an experimental field, we assessed whether baiting traps with individual or combinations of HIPVs increased attractiveness to natural enemies. The results showed that different cranberry genotypes vary in their emission of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes but not in their expression of two genes associated with terpene biosynthesis, α-humulene/β-caryophyllene synthase and (3S,6E)-nerolidol/R-linalool synthase. Induction with methyl jasmonate or herbivore (gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L.) feeding increased the expression of these genes and emission of HIPVs. The HIPV methyl salicylate (MeSA), alone or in combination with other HIPVs, increased syrphid attraction by 6-fold in the field, while (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and MeSA repelled ladybeetles and megaspilids, respectively. Linalool and β-caryophyllene elicited no behavioral responses of natural enemies. Elucidating the mechanisms of pest resistance, as well as experimentally augmenting plant defenses such as HIPVs, may contribute to the development of more sustainable pest management practices in crops, including cranberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira S De Lange
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 367 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Jordano Salamanca
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y de Medio Ambiente (ECAPMA), Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - James Polashock
- Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, NJ, 08019, USA
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Saona
- Department of Entomology, Philip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, NJ, 08019, USA
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De Lange ES, Rodriguez-Saona C. Does enhanced nutrient availability increase volatile emissions in cranberry? Plant Signal Behav 2019; 14:1616517. [PMID: 31131703 PMCID: PMC6619975 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1616517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient availability impacts plant indirect defenses, such as emissions of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that attract natural enemies of herbivores. However, the effects are variable depending on the cropping system, and emissions may increase, decrease, or be not affected by nutrient availability. Here, we evaluated the effects of different fertilizer regimes, which varied nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) availability, on HIPV emissions in cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. Plants included six cranberry varieties that were subjected to four different fertilizer regimes and either noninduced or induced with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), an elicitor of HIPVs, in a 6 × 4 × 2 factorial design. Results show that enhanced NPK fertilizer applications increased total HIPV emissions in MeJA-treated cranberries, regardless of variety. This effect was due to an increase in plant fresh weight. Although the ecological effects of increased HIPV emissions need to be investigated, these findings may have implications for natural enemy manipulation in agro-ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira S. De Lange
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- CONTACT Elvira S. de Lange Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Saona
- P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ, USA
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Erb M, Balmer D, De Lange ES, Von Merey G, Planchamp C, Robert CAM, Röder G, Sobhy I, Zwahlen C, Mauch-Mani B, Turlings TCJ. Synergies and trade-offs between insect and pathogen resistance in maize leaves and roots. Plant Cell Environ 2011; 34:1088-103. [PMID: 21410707 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Determining links between plant defence strategies is important to understand plant evolution and to optimize crop breeding strategies. Although several examples of synergies and trade-offs between defence traits are known for plants that are under attack by multiple organisms, few studies have attempted to measure correlations of defensive strategies using specific single attackers. Such links are hard to detect in natural populations because they are inherently confounded by the evolutionary history of different ecotypes. We therefore used a range of 20 maize inbred lines with considerable differences in resistance traits to determine if correlations exist between leaf and root resistance against pathogens and insects. Aboveground resistance against insects was positively correlated with the plant's capacity to produce volatiles in response to insect attack. Resistance to herbivores and resistance to a pathogen, on the other hand, were negatively correlated. Our results also give first insights into the intraspecific variability of root volatiles release in maize and its positive correlation with leaf volatile production. We show that the breeding history of the different genotypes (dent versus flint) has influenced several defensive parameters. Taken together, our study demonstrates the importance of genetically determined synergies and trade-offs for plant resistance against insects and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Erb
- FARCE Laboratory, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Leon-Reyes A, Van der Does D, De Lange ES, Delker C, Wasternack C, Van Wees SCM, Ritsema T, Pieterse CMJ. Salicylate-mediated suppression of jasmonate-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis is targeted downstream of the jasmonate biosynthesis pathway. Planta 2010; 232:1423-32. [PMID: 20839007 PMCID: PMC2957573 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) and salicylic acid (SA) are plant hormones that play pivotal roles in the regulation of induced defenses against microbial pathogens and insect herbivores. Their signaling pathways cross-communicate providing the plant with a regulatory potential to finely tune its defense response to the attacker(s) encountered. In Arabidopsis thaliana, SA strongly antagonizes the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, resulting in the downregulation of a large set of JA-responsive genes, including the marker genes PDF1.2 and VSP2. Induction of JA-responsive marker gene expression by different JA derivatives was equally sensitive to SA-mediated suppression. Activation of genes encoding key enzymes in the JA biosynthesis pathway, such as LOX2, AOS, AOC2, and OPR3 was also repressed by SA, suggesting that the JA biosynthesis pathway may be a target for SA-mediated antagonism. To test this, we made use of the mutant aos/dde2, which is completely blocked in its ability to produce JAs because of a mutation in the ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE gene. Mutant aos/dde2 plants did not express the JA-responsive marker genes PDF1.2 or VSP2 in response to infection with the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola or the herbivorous insect Pieris rapae. Bypassing JA biosynthesis by exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) rescued this JA-responsive phenotype in aos/dde2. Application of SA suppressed MeJA-induced PDF1.2 expression to the same level in the aos/dde2 mutant as in wild-type Col-0 plants, indicating that SA-mediated suppression of JA-responsive gene expression is targeted at a position downstream of the JA biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Leon-Reyes
- Plant–Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80056, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica (Cumbaya), P.O. Box 17-1200-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Dieuwertje Van der Does
- Plant–Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80056, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elvira S. De Lange
- Plant–Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80056, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carolin Delker
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Weinberg 3, Germany
| | - Claus Wasternack
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Weinberg 3, Germany
| | - Saskia C. M. Van Wees
- Plant–Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80056, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tita Ritsema
- Plant–Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80056, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Present Address: Amsterdam Molecular Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 61, 1100 DA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corné M. J. Pieterse
- Plant–Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80056, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for BioSystems Genomics, P.O. Box 98, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Leon-Reyes A, Spoel SH, De Lange ES, Abe H, Kobayashi M, Tsuda S, Millenaar FF, Welschen RAM, Ritsema T, Pieterse CMJ. Ethylene modulates the role of NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 in cross talk between salicylate and jasmonate signaling. Plant Physiol 2009; 149:1797-809. [PMID: 19176718 PMCID: PMC2663751 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.133926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) play crucial roles in the signaling network that regulates induced defense responses against biotic stresses. Antagonism between SA and JA operates as a mechanism to fine-tune defenses that are activated in response to multiple attackers. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 (NPR1) was demonstrated to be required for SA-mediated suppression of JA-dependent defenses. Because ET is known to enhance SA/NPR1-dependent defense responses, we investigated the role of ET in the SA-JA signal interaction. Pharmacological experiments with gaseous ET and the ET precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid showed that ET potentiated SA/NPR1-dependent PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1 transcription, while it rendered the antagonistic effect of SA on methyl jasmonate-induced PDF1.2 and VSP2 expression NPR1 independent. This overriding effect of ET on NPR1 function in SA-JA cross talk was absent in the npr1-1/ein2-1 double mutant, demonstrating that it is mediated via ET signaling. Abiotic and biotic induction of the ET response similarly abolished the NPR1 dependency of the SA-JA signal interaction. Furthermore, JA-dependent resistance against biotic attackers was antagonized by SA in an NPR1-dependent fashion only when the plant-attacker combination did not result in the production of high levels of endogenous ET. Hence, the interaction between ET and NPR1 plays an important modulating role in the fine tuning of the defense signaling network that is activated upon pathogen and insect attack. Our results suggest a model in which ET modulates the NPR1 dependency of SA-JA antagonism, possibly to compensate for enhanced allocation of NPR1 to function in SA-dependent activation of PR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Leon-Reyes
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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