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Basu L, Bhagat V, Ching MEA, Di Giandomenico A, Dostie S, Greenberg D, Greenberg M, Hahm J, Hilton NZ, Lamb K, Jentz EM, Larsen M, Locatelli CAA, Maloney M, MacGibbon C, Mersali F, Mulchandani CM, Najam A, Singh I, Weisz T, Wong J, Senior PA, Estall JL, Mulvihill EE, Screaton RA. Recent Developments in Islet Biology: A Review With Patient Perspectives. Can J Diabetes 2023; 47:207-221. [PMID: 36481263 PMCID: PMC9640377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Navigating the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19, now COVID) pandemic has required resilience and creativity worldwide. Despite early challenges to productivity, more than 2,000 peer-reviewed articles on islet biology were published in 2021. Herein, we highlight noteworthy advances in islet research between January 2021 and April 2022, focussing on 5 areas. First, we discuss new insights into the role of glucokinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase-kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and mitochondrial function on insulin secretion from the pancreatic β cell, provided by new genetically modified mouse models and live imaging. We then discuss a new connection between lipid handling and improved insulin secretion in the context of glucotoxicity, focussing on fatty acid-binding protein 4 and fetuin-A. Advances in high-throughput "omic" analysis evolved to where one can generate more finely tuned genetic and molecular profiles within broad classifications of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Next, we highlight breakthroughs in diabetes treatment using stem cell-derived β cells and innovative strategies to improve islet survival posttransplantation. Last, we update our understanding of the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection on pancreatic islet function and discuss current evidence regarding proposed links between COVID and new-onset diabetes. We address these breakthroughs in 2 settings: one for a scientific audience and the other for the public, particularly those living with or affected by diabetes. Bridging biomedical research in diabetes to the community living with or affected by diabetes, our partners living with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes also provide their perspectives on these latest advances in islet biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahari Basu
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vriti Bhagat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ma Enrica Angela Ching
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sylvie Dostie
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana Greenberg
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marley Greenberg
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiwon Hahm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - N Zoe Hilton
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krista Lamb
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emelien M Jentz
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matt Larsen
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cassandra A A Locatelli
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Energy Substrate Laboratory, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - MaryAnn Maloney
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Farida Mersali
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Adhiyat Najam
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ishnoor Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom Weisz
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan Wong
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter A Senior
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Estall
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Center for Cardiometabolic Health, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Erin E Mulvihill
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Energy Substrate Laboratory, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert A Screaton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Nahle A, Joseph YD, Pereira S, Mori Y, Poon F, Ghadieh HE, Ivovic A, Desai T, Ghanem SS, Asalla S, Muturi HT, Jentz EM, Joseph JW, Najjar SM, Giacca A. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Prevents Free Fatty Acid-Induced Reduction in Glucose Tolerance by Decreasing Insulin Clearance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413224. [PMID: 34948019 PMCID: PMC8709165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 improves β cell function. Accordingly, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), the product of the rate-limiting step in NAD synthesis, prevents β cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet. The current study was performed to assess the effects of NMN on β cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance that are caused specifically by increased circulating free fatty acids (FFAs). NMN was intravenously infused, with or without oleate, in C57BL/6J mice over a 48-h-period to elevate intracellular NAD levels and consequently increase SIRT1 activity. Administration of NMN in the context of elevated plasma FFA levels considerably improved glucose tolerance. This was due not only to partial protection from FFA-induced β cell dysfunction but also, unexpectedly, to a significant decrease in insulin clearance. However, in conditions of normal FFA levels, NMN impaired glucose tolerance due to decreased β cell function. The presence of this dual action of NMN suggests caution in its proposed therapeutic use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Nahle
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (A.N.); (Y.D.J.); (S.P.); (Y.M.); (F.P.); (A.I.); (T.D.)
| | - Yemisi Deborah Joseph
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (A.N.); (Y.D.J.); (S.P.); (Y.M.); (F.P.); (A.I.); (T.D.)
| | - Sandra Pereira
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (A.N.); (Y.D.J.); (S.P.); (Y.M.); (F.P.); (A.I.); (T.D.)
| | - Yusaku Mori
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (A.N.); (Y.D.J.); (S.P.); (Y.M.); (F.P.); (A.I.); (T.D.)
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-0064, Japan
| | - Frankie Poon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (A.N.); (Y.D.J.); (S.P.); (Y.M.); (F.P.); (A.I.); (T.D.)
| | - Hilda E. Ghadieh
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (H.E.G.); (S.S.G.); (S.M.N.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (S.A.); (H.T.M.)
| | - Aleksandar Ivovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (A.N.); (Y.D.J.); (S.P.); (Y.M.); (F.P.); (A.I.); (T.D.)
| | - Tejas Desai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (A.N.); (Y.D.J.); (S.P.); (Y.M.); (F.P.); (A.I.); (T.D.)
| | - Simona S. Ghanem
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (H.E.G.); (S.S.G.); (S.M.N.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (S.A.); (H.T.M.)
| | - Suman Asalla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (S.A.); (H.T.M.)
| | - Harrison T. Muturi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (S.A.); (H.T.M.)
| | - Emelien M. Jentz
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Kitchener, ON N2G 1C5, Canada; (E.M.J.); (J.W.J.)
| | - Jamie W. Joseph
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Kitchener, ON N2G 1C5, Canada; (E.M.J.); (J.W.J.)
| | - Sonia M. Najjar
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (H.E.G.); (S.S.G.); (S.M.N.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (S.A.); (H.T.M.)
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (A.N.); (Y.D.J.); (S.P.); (Y.M.); (F.P.); (A.I.); (T.D.)
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Correspondence:
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