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Kinganda-Lusamaki E, Baketana LK, Ndomba-Mukanya E, Bouillin J, Thaurignac G, Aziza AA, Luakanda-Ndelemo G, Nuñez NF, Kalonji-Mukendi T, Pukuta ES, Nkuba-Ndaye A, Lofiko EL, Kibungu EM, Lushima RS, Ayouba A, Mbala-Kingebeni P, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Delaporte E, Peeters M, Ahuka-Mundeke S. Use of Mpox Multiplex Serology in the Identification of Cases and Outbreak Investigations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Pathogens 2023; 12:916. [PMID: 37513764 PMCID: PMC10385798 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Mpox cases are increasingly reported in Africa, with the highest burden in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). While case reporting on a clinical basis can overestimate infection rates, laboratory confirmation by PCR can underestimate them, especially on suboptimal samples like blood, commonly used in DRC. Here we used a Luminex-based assay to evaluate whether antibody testing can be complementary to confirm cases and to identify human transmission chains during outbreak investigations. We used left-over blood samples from 463 patients, collected during 174 outbreaks between 2013 and 2022, with corresponding Mpox and VZV PCR results. In total, 157 (33.9%) samples were orthopox-PCR positive and classified as Mpox+; 124 (26.8%) had antibodies to at least one of the three Mpox peptides. The proportion of antibody positive samples was significantly higher in Mpox positive samples (36.9%) versus negative (21.6%) (p < 0.001). By combining PCR and serology, 66 additional patients were identified, leading to an Mpox infection rate of 48.2% (223/463) versus 33.9% when only PCR positivity is considered. Mpox infections were as such identified in 14 additional health zones and 23 additional outbreaks (111/174 (63.8%) versus 88/174 (50.6%)). Our findings highlight the urgent need of rapid on-site diagnostics to circumvent Mpox spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Kinganda-Lusamaki
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier (UM), French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Service de Microbiologie, Département de Biologie Médicale, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa (CUK), Université de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa P.O. Box 127, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Lionel Kinzonzi Baketana
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Etienne Ndomba-Mukanya
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Julie Bouillin
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier (UM), French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Thaurignac
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier (UM), French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Adrienne Amuri Aziza
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Gradi Luakanda-Ndelemo
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Nicolas Fernandez Nuñez
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier (UM), French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Kalonji-Mukendi
- Programme National de Lutte Contre le Monkeypox et les Fièvres Hémorragiques Virales, Ministère de la Santé (PNLMPX-FHV), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Elisabeth Simbu Pukuta
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Antoine Nkuba-Ndaye
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier (UM), French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Service de Microbiologie, Département de Biologie Médicale, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa (CUK), Université de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa P.O. Box 127, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Emmanuel Lokilo Lofiko
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Emile Malembi Kibungu
- Programme National de Lutte Contre le Monkeypox et les Fièvres Hémorragiques Virales, Ministère de la Santé (PNLMPX-FHV), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Robert Shongo Lushima
- Programme National de Lutte Contre le Monkeypox et les Fièvres Hémorragiques Virales, Ministère de la Santé (PNLMPX-FHV), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ahidjo Ayouba
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier (UM), French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Placide Mbala-Kingebeni
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Service de Microbiologie, Département de Biologie Médicale, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa (CUK), Université de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa P.O. Box 127, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Service de Microbiologie, Département de Biologie Médicale, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa (CUK), Université de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa P.O. Box 127, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Eric Delaporte
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier (UM), French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Peeters
- TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier (UM), French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Steve Ahuka-Mundeke
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa P.O. Box 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Service de Microbiologie, Département de Biologie Médicale, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa (CUK), Université de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa P.O. Box 127, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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