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Chaussé AM, Roche SM, Moroldo M, Hennequet-Antier C, Holbert S, Kempf F, Barilleau E, Trotereau J, Velge P. Epithelial cell invasion by salmonella typhimurium induces modulation of genes controlled by aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling and involved in extracellular matrix biogenesis. Virulence 2023; 14:2158663. [PMID: 36600181 PMCID: PMC9828750 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2158663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is the only bacterium able to enter a host cell by the two known mechanisms: trigger and zipper. The trigger mechanism relies on the injection of bacterial effectors into the host cell through the Salmonella type III secretion system 1. In the zipper mechanism, mediated by the invasins Rck and PagN, the bacterium takes advantage of a cellular receptor for invasion. This study describes the transcriptomic reprogramming of the IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cell line to Salmonella Typhimurium strains that invaded cells by a trigger, a zipper, or both mechanisms. Using S. Typhimurium strains invalidated for one or other entry mechanism, we have shown that IEC-6 cells could support both entries. Comparison of the gene expression profiles of exposed cells showed that irrespective of the mechanism used for entry, the transcriptomic reprogramming of the cell was nearly the same. On the other hand, when gene expression was compared between cells unexposed or exposed to the bacterium, the transcriptomic reprogramming of exposed cells was significantly different. It is particularly interesting to note the modulation of expression of numerous target genes of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor showing that this transcription factor was activated by S. Typhimurium infection. Numerous genes associated with the extracellular matrix were also modified. This was confirmed at the protein level by western-blotting showing a dramatic modification in some extracellular matrix proteins. Analysis of a selected set of modulated genes showed that the expression of the majority of these genes was modulated during the intracellular life of S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Moroldo
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Velge
- INRAE, ISP, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France,CONTACT Philippe Velge
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2
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Lacroix-Lamandé S, Bernardi O, Pezier T, Barilleau E, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Gagneux A, Velge P, Wiedemann A. Differential Salmonella Typhimurium intracellular replication and host cell responses in caecal and ileal organoids derived from chicken. Vet Res 2023; 54:63. [PMID: 37525204 PMCID: PMC10391861 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken infection with Salmonella Typhimurium is an important source of foodborne human diseases. Salmonella colonizes the avian intestinal tract and more particularly the caecum, without causing symptoms. This thus poses a challenge for the prevention of foodborne transmission. Until now, studies on the interaction of Salmonella with the avian gut intestine have been limited by the absence of in vitro intestinal culture models. Here, we established intestinal crypt-derived chicken organoids to better decipher the impact of Salmonella intracellular replication on avian intestinal epithelium. Using a 3D organoid model, we observed a significantly higher replication rate of the intracellular bacteria in caecal organoids than in ileal organoids. Our model thus recreates intracellular environment, allowing Salmonella replication of avian epithelium according to the intestinal segment. Moreover, an inhibition of the cellular proliferation was observed in infected ileal and caecal organoids compared to uninfected organoids. This appears with a higher effect in ileal organoids, as well as a higher cytokine and signaling molecule response in infected ileal organoids at 3 h post-infection (hpi) than in caecal organoids that could explain the lower replication rate of Salmonella observed later at 24 hpi. To conclude, this study demonstrates that the 3D organoid is a model allowing to decipher the intracellular impact of Salmonella on the intestinal epithelium cell response and illustrates the importance of the gut segment used to purify stem cells and derive organoids to specifically study epithelial cell -Salmonella interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiffany Pezier
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Électronique, Université de Tours et CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Anissa Gagneux
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Philippe Velge
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Agnès Wiedemann
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
- IRSD, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, ENVT, INRAE, INSERM, Université́ de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Velge P, Menanteau P, Chaumeil T, Barilleau E, Trotereau J, Virlogeux-Payant I. Two In Vivo Models to Study Salmonella Asymptomatic Carrier State in Chicks. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2427:249-264. [PMID: 35619039 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1971-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In chicken, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium, the two main serotypes isolated in human infections, can persist in the host organism for many weeks and up to many years without causing any symptoms. This persistence generally occurs after a short systemic infection that may either lead to death of very young birds or develop into cecal asymptomatic persistence, which is often accompanied by a high level of bacterial excretion, facilitating Salmonella transmission to counterparts. Here we describe two models of chick infection. The first model reproduces well the poultry infection in farm flocks. Numerous reinfections and animal-animal recontaminations occur leading to a high level of cecal colonization and fecal excretion in all chicks in the flock, over several weeks. In the second model, these animal reinfections and recontaminations are hampered leading to heterogeneity of infection characterized by the presence of low and super-shedders. This model allows for more mechanistic studies of Salmonella/chicks interactions as animal recontaminations are lowered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Velge
- INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282 ISP, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Pierrette Menanteau
- INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282 ISP, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Emilie Barilleau
- INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282 ISP, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jérôme Trotereau
- INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282 ISP, Nouzilly, France
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4
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Barilleau E, Védrine M, Koczerka M, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Kempf F, Grépinet O, Virlogeux-Payant I, Velge P, Wiedemann A. Investigation of the invasion mechanism mediated by the outer membrane protein PagN of Salmonella Typhimurium. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:153. [PMID: 34020586 PMCID: PMC8140442 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella can invade host cells via a type three secretion system called T3SS-1 and its outer membrane proteins, PagN and Rck. However, the mechanism of PagN-dependent invasion pathway used by Salmonella enterica, subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium remains unclear. RESULTS Here, we report that PagN is well conserved and widely distributed among the different species and subspecies of Salmonella. We showed that PagN of S. Typhimurium was sufficient and necessary to enable non-invasive E. coli over-expressing PagN and PagN-coated beads to bind to and invade different non-phagocytic cells. According to the literature, PagN is likely to interact with heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) as PagN-mediated invasion could be inhibited by heparin treatment in a dose-dependent manner. This report shows that this interaction is not sufficient to allow the internalization mechanism. Investigation of the role of β1 integrin as co-receptor showed that mouse embryo fibroblasts genetically deficient in β1 integrin were less permissive to PagN-mediated internalization. Moreover, PagN-mediated internalization was fully inhibited in glycosylation-deficient pgsA-745 cells treated with anti-β1 integrin antibody, supporting the hypothesis that β1 integrin and HSPG cooperate to induce the PagN-mediated internalization mechanism. In addition, use of specific inhibitors and expression of dominant-negative derivatives demonstrated that tyrosine phosphorylation and class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase were crucial to trigger PagN-dependent internalization, as for the Rck internalization mechanism. Finally, scanning electron microscopy with infected cells showed microvillus-like extensions characteristic of Zipper-like structure, engulfing PagN-coated beads and E. coli expressing PagN, as observed during Rck-mediated internalization. CONCLUSIONS Our results supply new comprehensions into T3SS-1-independent invasion mechanisms of S. Typhimurium and highly indicate that PagN induces a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway, leading to a Zipper-like entry mechanism as the Salmonella outer membrane protein Rck.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mégane Védrine
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,Present Address: Service Biologie Vétérinaire et Santé Animale, Inovalys, Angers, France
| | | | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours et CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Florent Kempf
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Velge
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Agnès Wiedemann
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, F-37380, Nouzilly, France. .,Present Address: IRSD - Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université́ de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Mambu J, Barilleau E, Fragnet-Trapp L, Le Vern Y, Olivier M, Sadrin G, Grépinet O, Taieb F, Velge P, Wiedemann A. Rck of Salmonella Typhimurium Delays the Host Cell Cycle to Facilitate Bacterial Invasion. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:586934. [PMID: 33330131 PMCID: PMC7734966 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.586934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium expresses on its outer membrane the protein Rck which interacts with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) of the plasma membrane of the targeted host cells. This interaction activates signaling pathways, leading to the internalization of Salmonella. Since EGFR plays a key role in cell proliferation, we sought to determine the influence of Rck mediated infection on the host cell cycle. By analyzing the DNA content of uninfected and infected cells using flow cytometry, we showed that the Rck-mediated infection induced a delay in the S-phase (DNA replication phase) of the host cell cycle, independently of bacterial internalization. We also established that this Rck-dependent delay in cell cycle progression was accompanied by an increased level of host DNA double strand breaks and activation of the DNA damage response. Finally, we demonstrated that the S-phase environment facilitated Rck-mediated bacterial internalization. Consequently, our results suggest that Rck can be considered as a cyclomodulin with a genotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Mambu
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | - Yves Le Vern
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | | | - Frédéric Taieb
- IRSD-Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université́ de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Wiedemann A, Mijouin L, Ayoub MA, Barilleau E, Canepa S, Teixeira-Gomes AP, Le Vern Y, Rosselin M, Reiter E, Velge P. Identification of the epidermal growth factor receptor as the receptor for Salmonella Rck-dependent invasion. FASEB J 2016; 30:4180-4191. [PMID: 27609774 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600701r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Salmonella Rck outer membrane protein binds to the cell surface, which leads to bacterial internalization via a Zipper mechanism. This invasion process requires induction of cellular signals, including phosphorylation of tyrosine proteins, and activation of c-Src and PI3K, which arises as a result of an interaction with a host cell surface receptor. In this study, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was identified as the cell signaling receptor required for Rck-mediated adhesion and internalization. First, Rck-mediated adhesion and internalization were shown to be altered when EGFR expression and activity were modulated. Then, immunoprecipitations were performed to demonstrate the Rck-EGFR interaction. Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance biosensor and homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence technologies were used to demonstrate the direct interaction of Rck with the extracellular domain of human EGFR. Finally, our study strongly suggests a noncompetitive binding of Rck and EGF to EGFR. Overall, these results demonstrate that Rck is able to bind to EGFR and thereby establish a tight adherence to provide a signaling cascade, which leads to internalization of Rck-expressing bacteria.-Wiedemann, A., Mijouin, L., Ayoub, M. A., Barilleau, E., Canepa, S., Teixeira-Gomes, A. P., Le Vern, Y., Rosselin, M., Reiter, E., Velge, P. Identification of the epidermal growth factor receptor as the receptor for Salmonella Rck-dependent invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Wiedemann
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France; .,Université François Rabelais de Tours, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France
| | - Lily Mijouin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France.,L'Institut Français du Cheval et de L'Équitation, Nouzilly, France.,Le Studium Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Orléans, France; and
| | - Emilie Barilleau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France
| | - Sylvie Canepa
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France.,L'Institut Français du Cheval et de L'Équitation, Nouzilly, France.,Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 85, Plate-forme d'Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules, Nouzilly, France
| | - Ana Paula Teixeira-Gomes
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France.,Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 85, Plate-forme d'Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules, Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Le Vern
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France.,Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 85, Plate-forme d'Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules, Nouzilly, France
| | - Manon Rosselin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France
| | - Eric Reiter
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France.,L'Institut Français du Cheval et de L'Équitation, Nouzilly, France
| | - Philippe Velge
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais de Tours, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France
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Énée É, Kratzer R, Arnoux JB, Barilleau E, Hamel Y, Marchi C, Beltrand J, Michaud B, Chatenoud L, Robert JJ, van Endert P. ZnT8 is a major CD8+ T cell-recognized autoantigen in pediatric type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2012; 61:1779-84. [PMID: 22586580 PMCID: PMC3379659 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes results from the destruction of β-cells by an autoimmune T-cell response assisted by antigen-presenting B cells producing autoantibodies. CD8(+) T-cell responses against islet cell antigens, thought to play a central role in diabetes pathogenesis, can be monitored using enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assays. However, such assays have been applied to monitoring of adult patients only, leaving aside the large and increasing pediatric patient population. The objective of this study was twofold: 1) to develop a CD8(+) T-cell interferon-γ ELISpot assay for pediatric patients and 2) to determine whether zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), a recently described target of autoantibodies in a majority of patients, is also recognized by autoreactive CD8(+) T cells. Using DNA immunization of humanized mice, we identified nine HLA-A2-restricted ZnT8 epitopes. Among 36 HLA-A2(+) children with diabetes, 29 responded to ZnT8 epitopes, whereas only 3 of 16 HLA-A2(+) control patients and 0 of 17 HLA-A2(-) control patients responded. Some single ZnT8 epitopes performed as well as the group of epitopes in discriminating between patients and control individuals. Thus, ZnT8 is a major CD8(+) T-cell autoantigen, and ELISpot assays display similar performance in adult and pediatric type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émmanuelle Énée
- INSERM, Unité 1013, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France
| | - Roland Kratzer
- INSERM, Unité 1013, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Arnoux
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France
- Hôpital Necker, Service d’endocrinologie, Unité fonctionnelle diabétologie, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Barilleau
- INSERM, Unité 1013, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France
| | - Yamina Hamel
- INSERM, Unité 1013, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Marchi
- INSERM, Unité 1013, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Beltrand
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France
- Hôpital Necker, Service d’endocrinologie, Unité fonctionnelle diabétologie, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Michaud
- INSERM, Unité 1013, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France
| | - Lucienne Chatenoud
- INSERM, Unité 1013, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Robert
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France
- Hôpital Necker, Service d’endocrinologie, Unité fonctionnelle diabétologie, Paris, France
| | - Peter van Endert
- INSERM, Unité 1013, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France
- Corresponding author: Peter van Endert,
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Kratzer R, Mauvais FX, Burgevin A, Barilleau E, van Endert P. Fusion proteins for versatile antigen targeting to cell surface receptors reveal differential capacity to prime immune responses. J Immunol 2010; 184:6855-64. [PMID: 20483719 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of proteins to APCs is an attractive strategy for eliciting adaptive immune responses. However, the relationship between the choice of the targeted receptor and the quality and quantity of responses remains poorly understood. We describe a strategy for expression of Ags including hydrophobic proteins as soluble fusion proteins that are optimized for proteasome-dependent MHC class I-restricted cross-presentation and form stable complexes with a wide variety of targeting Abs. Upon s.c. immunization, these complexes were initially taken up by CD169+ lymph node subcapsular sinus macrophages. In the OVA model system, receptor-targeted antigenic complexes primed specific T and B cell responses in vitro and in vivo at least 100-fold more efficiently than Ag alone. Comparison of 10 targeting receptors allowed us to establish a ranking with respect to priming of CD8+ T cell responses and demonstrated striking differences with respect to the relative efficacy of CD8+ and CD4+ T cell subset and B cell priming. The described fusion proteins should help in developing optimized strategies for targeted delivery of protein Ags in the context of tolerization or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Kratzer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Unité 1013, Paris, France
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