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Villa N, Tartari E, Glicenstein S, de Villiers de la Noue H, Picard E, Marcoux PR, Zelsmann M, Resch G, Hadji E, Houdré R. Optical Trapping and Fast Discrimination of Label-Free Bacteriophages at the Single Virion Level. Small 2024:e2308814. [PMID: 38282203 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
There is a recent resurgence of interest in phage therapy (the therapeutic use of bacterial viruses) as an approach to eliminating difficult-to-treat infections. However, existing approaches for therapeutic phage selection and virulence testing are time-consuming, host-dependent, and facing reproducibility issues. Here, this study presents an innovative approach wherein integrated resonant photonic crystal (PhC) cavities in silicon are used as optical nanotweezers for probing and manipulating single bacteria and single virions with low optical power. This study demonstrates that these nanocavities differentiate between a bacterium and a phage without labeling or specific surface bioreceptors. Furthermore, by tailoring the spatial extent of the resonant optical mode in the low-index medium, phage distinction across phenotypically distinct phage families is demonstrated. The work paves the road to the implementation of optical nanotweezers in phage therapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Villa
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Tartari
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Simon Glicenstein
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble INP, IRIG, PHELIQS, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Hugues de Villiers de la Noue
- Laboratory of Bacteriophages and Phage Therapy, Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences (CRISP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Picard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble INP, IRIG, PHELIQS, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Pierre R Marcoux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTIS, L4IV, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Marc Zelsmann
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, LTM, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Grégory Resch
- Laboratory of Bacteriophages and Phage Therapy, Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences (CRISP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Hadji
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble INP, IRIG, PHELIQS, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Romuald Houdré
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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Tardif M, Picard E, Gaude V, Jager JB, Peyrade D, Hadji E, Marcoux PR. On-Chip Optical Nano-Tweezers for Culture-Less Fast Bacterial Viability Assessment. Small 2022; 18:e2103765. [PMID: 34784093 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because of antibiotics misuse, the dramatic growth of antibioresistance threatens public health. Tests are indeed culture-based, and require therefore one to two days. This long time-to-result implies the use of large-spectrum antibiotherapies as a first step, in absence of pathogen characterization. Here, a breakthrough approach for a culture-less fast assessment of bacterial response to stress is proposed. It is based on non-destructive on-chip optical tweezing. A laser loads an optical nanobeam cavity whose evanescent part of the resonant field acts as a nano-tweezer for bacteria surrounding the cavity. Once optically trapped, the bacterium-nanobeam cavity interaction induces a shift of the resonance driven by the bacterial cell wall optical index. The analysis of the wavelength shift yields an assessment of viability upon stress at the single-cell scale. As a proof of concept, bacteria are stressed by incursion, before optical trapping, at different temperatures (45, 51, and 70 °C). Optical index changes correlate with the degree of thermal stress allowing to sort viable and dead bacteria. With this disruptive diagnosis method, bacterial viability upon stress is probed much faster (typically less than 4 h) than with conventional culture-based enumeration methods (24 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Tardif
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, CEA, IRIG, Pheliqs, SiNaPS Lab, Grenoble, F-38000, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LTM, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Emmanuel Picard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, CEA, IRIG, Pheliqs, SiNaPS Lab, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Victor Gaude
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LTM, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Jager
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, CEA, IRIG, Pheliqs, SiNaPS Lab, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - David Peyrade
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LTM, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Emmanuel Hadji
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, CEA, IRIG, Pheliqs, SiNaPS Lab, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Pierre R Marcoux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, LSIV, Grenoble, F-38000, France
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Perlemoine P, Marcoux PR, Picard E, Hadji E, Zelsmann M, Mugnier G, Marchet A, Resch G, O’Connell L, Lacot E. Phage susceptibility testing and infectious titer determination through wide-field lensless monitoring of phage plaque growth. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248917. [PMID: 33755710 PMCID: PMC7987195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing number of drug-resistant bacterial infections worldwide is driving renewed interest in phage therapy. Based on the use of a personalized cocktail composed of highly specific bacterial viruses, this therapy relies on a range of tests on agar media to determine the most active phage on a given bacterial target (phage susceptibility testing), or to isolate new lytic phages from an environmental sample (enrichment of phage banks). However, these culture-based techniques are still solely interpreted through direct visual detection of plaques. The main objective of this work is to investigate computer-assisted methods in order to ease and accelerate diagnosis in phage therapy but also to study phage plaque growth kinetics. For this purpose, we designed a custom wide-field lensless imaging device, which allows continuous monitoring over a very large area sensor (3.3 cm2). Here we report bacterial susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus phage in 3 hr and estimation of infectious titer in 8 hr 20 min. These are much shorter time-to-results than the 12 to 24 hours traditionally needed, since naked eye observation and counting of phage plaques is still the most widely used technique for susceptibility testing prior to phage therapy. Moreover, the continuous monitoring of the samples enables the study of plaque growth kinetics, which enables a deeper understanding of the interaction between phage and bacteria. Finally, thanks to the 4.3 μm resolution, we detect phage-resistant bacterial microcolonies of Klebsiella pneumoniae inside the boundaries of phage plaques and thus show that our prototype is also a suitable device to track phage resistance. Lensless imaging is therefore an all-in-one method that could easily be implemented in cost-effective and compact devices in phage laboratories to help with phage therapy diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca Perlemoine
- Department of Microtechnologies for Biology and Health, LETI, CEA, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre R. Marcoux
- Department of Microtechnologies for Biology and Health, LETI, CEA, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel Picard
- SINAPS, PHELIQS, DEPHY, IRIG, DRF, CEA, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel Hadji
- SINAPS, PHELIQS, DEPHY, IRIG, DRF, CEA, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Zelsmann
- LTM–Micro and Nanotechnologies for Health, CNRS, CEA, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Grégoire Mugnier
- LTM–Micro and Nanotechnologies for Health, CNRS, CEA, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélie Marchet
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Resch
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Larry O’Connell
- SyMMES, IRIG, DRF, CEA, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Lacot
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, CNRS UMR 5588, University Grenoble Alpes, St Martin d’Hères, France
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Pin C, Jager JB, Tardif M, Picard E, Hadji E, de Fornel F, Cluzel B. Tunable optical lattices in the near-field of a few-mode nanophotonic waveguide. EPJ Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201921514001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the action of the scattering force, particles that are optically trapped at the surface of a waveguide are propelled in the direction of the light propagation. In this work, we demonstrate an original approach for creating tunable periodic arrays of optical traps along a few-mode silicon nanophotonic waveguide. We show how the near-field optical forces at the surface of the waveguide are periodically modulated when two guided modes with different propagation constants are simultaneously excited. The phenomenon is used to achieve stable trapping of a large number of dielectric particles or bacteria along a single waveguide. By controlling the light coupling conditions and the laser wavelength, we investigate several techniques for manipulating the trapped particles. Especially, we demonstrate that the period of the optical lattice can be finely tuned by adjusting the laser wavelength. This effect can be used to control the trap positions, and thus transport the trapped particles in both directions along the waveguide.
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Pin C, Jager JB, Tardif M, Picard E, Hadji E, de Fornel F, Cluzel B. Optical tweezing using tunable optical lattices along a few-mode silicon waveguide. Lab Chip 2018; 18:1750-1757. [PMID: 29774333 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00298c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen years ago, optical lattices and holographic tweezers were considered as a revolution, allowing for trapping and manipulating multiple particles at the same time using laser light. Since then, near-field optical forces have aroused tremendous interest as they enable efficient trapping of a wide range of objects, from living cells to atoms, in integrated devices. Yet, handling at will multiple objects using a guided light beam remains a challenging task for current on-chip optical trapping techniques. We demonstrate here on-chip optical trapping of dielectric microbeads and bacteria using one-dimensional optical lattices created by near-field mode beating along a few-mode silicon nanophotonic waveguide. This approach allows not only for trapping large numbers of particles in periodic trap arrays with various geometries, but also for manipulating them via diverse transport and repositioning techniques. Near-field mode-beating optical lattices may be readily implemented in lab-on-a-chip devices, addressing numerous scientific fields ranging from bio-analysis to nanoparticle processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pin
- Groupe Optique de Champ Proche, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne UMR CNRS 6303, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France.
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Liu YQ, Tainoff D, Boukhari M, Richard J, Barski A, Bayle-Guillemaud P, Hadji E, Bourgeois O. Sensitive 3-omega measurements on epitaxial thermoelectric thin films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/68/1/012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Renaut C, Cluzel B, Dellinger J, Lalouat L, Picard E, Peyrade D, Hadji E, de Fornel F. On chip shapeable optical tweezers. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2290. [PMID: 23887310 PMCID: PMC3724184 DOI: 10.1038/srep02290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Particles manipulation with optical forces is known as optical tweezing. While tweezing in free space with laser beams was established in the 1980s, integrating the optical tweezers on a chip is a challenging task. Recent experiments with plasmonic nanoantennas, microring resonators, and photonic crystal nanocavities have demonstrated optical trapping. However, the optical field of a tweezer made of a single microscopic resonator cannot be shaped. So far, this prevents from optically driven micromanipulations. Here we propose an alternative approach where the shape of the optical trap can be tuned by the wavelength in coupled nanobeam cavities. Using these shapeable tweezers, we present micromanipulation of polystyrene microspheres trapped on a silicon chip. These results show that coupled nanobeam cavities are versatile building blocks for optical near-field engineering. They open the way to much complex integrated tweezers using networks of coupled nanobeam cavities for particles or bio-objects manipulation at a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Renaut
- Groupe d'Optique de Champ Proche - LRC CEA n°DSM-08-36, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303-Université de Bourgogne, France
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Thissandier F, Le Comte A, Crosnier O, Gentile P, Bidan G, Hadji E, Brousse T, Sadki S. Highly doped silicon nanowires based electrodes for micro-electrochemical capacitor applications. Electrochem commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Le Gac G, Rahmani A, Seassal C, Picard E, Hadji E, Callard S. Tuning of an active photonic crystal cavity by an hybrid silica/silicon near-field probe. Opt Express 2009; 17:21672-21679. [PMID: 19997408 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.021672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The influence of a near-field tip on the spectral characteristics of a resonant mode of an active photonic crystal micro-cavity was investigated. The wavelength shift of the mode was theoretically and experimentally demonstrated and evaluated as a function of the nature and the position of the tip above the cavity. Experiment showed that the shift induced is ten times higher with a Si-coated silica probe than with a bare silica tip: a shift until 2 nm was reached with Si-coated tip whereas the shift with bare silica tip is in the range of the tenth of nanometer, for wavelengths around 1,55 microm.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Le Gac
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon INL-UMR 5270, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully, France.
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Cluzell B, Lalouat L, Velha P, Picard E, Peyrade D, Rodier JC, Charvolin T, Lalanne P, de Fornel F, Hadji E. A near-field actuated optical nanocavity. Opt Express 2008; 16:279-286. [PMID: 18521159 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate here that switching and tuning of a nanocavity resonance can be achieved by approaching a sub-micrometer tip inside its evanescent near-field. The resonance energy is tuned over a wide spectral range (Deltalambda/lambda~10(-3)) without significant deterioration of the cavity peak-transmittance and of the resonance linewidth. Such a result is achieved by taking benefits from a weak tip-cavity interaction regime in which the tip behaves as a pure optical path length modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Cluzell
- Département de Recherche Fondamentale sur la Matière Condensée, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 17 ruedes Martyrs, F-38054 GRENOBLE Cedex 9, France.
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Velha P, Picard E, Charvolin T, Hadji E, Rodier JC, Lalanne P, Peyrade D. Ultra-High Q/V Fabry-Perot microcavity on SOI substrate. Opt Express 2007; 15:16090-16096. [PMID: 19550897 DOI: 10.1364/oe.15.016090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate an ultra high Q/V nanocavity on SOI substrate. The design is based on modal adaptation within the cavity and allows to measure a quality factor of 58.000 for a modal volume of 0.6(lambda/n)(3) . This record Q/V value of 10(5) achieved for a structure standing on a physical substrate, rather than on membrane, is in very good agreement with theoretical predictions also shown. Based on these experimental results, we show that further refinements of the cavity design could lead to Q/V ratios close to 10(6).
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Morand A, Zhang Y, Martin B, Phan Huy K, Amans D, Benech P, Verbert J, Hadji E, Fédéli JM. Ultra-compact microdisk resonator filters on SOI substrate. Opt Express 2006; 14:12814-12821. [PMID: 19532172 DOI: 10.1364/oe.14.012814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The evanescent coupling of a 1.5 mum radius silicon microdisk with one or two Silicon-On-Insulator waveguides is studied. Thanks to the high refractive index contrast between Silica and Silicon materials, this very-small-diameter microdisk exhibits the highest quality factor measured in wavelength range from 1500 nm to 1600 nm. Coupled to a single monomode waveguide, the optical resonator behaves as a stop-band filter. Even if the microdisk is a largely multimode resonator, only its fundamental modes are efficiently excited. The filter's transmission is measured for different gap between the waveguide and the resonator. The critical coupling is clearly observed and gives access to 1.63 nm linewidth. A 20 dB decrease of the transmission signal is also observed. Coupled to two waveguides, the resonator becomes a compact symmetric wavelength-demultiplexer. In this case, the optimal response comes from a compromise between the gap and the desired linewidth dropped in the second waveguide. Finally, our measurements are also compared to analytic models showing a good agreement especially for the critical gap prediction.
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Abstract
A room-temperature resonant-cavity light source emitting at 3.327 microm is presented. It combines a CdHgTe light-emitting layer, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, and two evaporated YF(3)-ZnS Bragg mirrors. The emitter is optically pumped by a commercial low-power GaAs laser diode. Compared with an unprocessed sample, this microcavity device shows a drastic (10-fold) linewidth reduction, a 3.3-fold intensity increase at 3.327 microm , and a 2.4-fold angular-spread decrease. The emitted optical power is 15 microW , and the device is used as a light source in a basic gas-detection setup. Measurements of a butane-propane mixture in the 1 to 5x 10(-3) bar range with a 5-cm-long single-path gas cell are demonstrated.
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