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Teh CH, Teh MW, Lim KH, Kee CC, Sumarni MG, Heng PP, Mohd Zahari TH, Chan YY, Nuur Hafiza MI, Tee EO, Fadzilah K. Clustering of lifestyle risk behaviours and its determinants among school-going adolescents in a middle-income country: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1177. [PMID: 31455283 PMCID: PMC6712662 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle risk behaviours such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour and low fruit/vegetable intake have been identified as the major causes of chronic diseases. Such behaviours are usually instigated in adolescence and tend to persist into adulthood. Studies on the clustering of lifestyle risk behaviours among adolescents are scarce, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, the present paper aimed to determine the clustering of lifestyle risk behaviours and its determinants among school-going adolescents in Malaysia. Methods Data were extracted from a cross-sectional study, the Malaysian Adolescent Health Risk Behaviour (MyAHRB) study, which was conducted from May to September 2013 across 11 states in Peninsular Malaysia. A two-stage proportionate-to-size sampling method was employed to select a total of 3578 school-going adolescents aged 16–17 years from 20 selected schools in urban and rural settlements, respectively. The MyAHRB study adopted a set of self-administered questionnaires adapted from the Global School-based Student’s Health Survey (GSHS) and the Youth Risk Behaviour Surveillance. Results The results from the analysis of 2991 school-going adolescents aged 16–17 years showed that 16 (in boys) and 15 (in girls) out of 32 combinations of lifestyle risk behaviours clustered. Girls (aOR 2.82, 95% CI: 2.32–3.43) were significantly more likely to have clustered risk behaviours than boys; however, no significant associated factors were observed among girls. In contrast, boys of Malay descent (aOR 0.64, 95% CI: 0.46–0.89) or boys who had at least three friends (aOR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43–0.99) were less likely to engage in multiple risk behaviours. Conclusion The present study demonstrated the clustering of multiple risk behaviours that occurred in both genders; these results suggest that multiple behaviour intervention programmes, instead of programmes based on siloed approaches, should be advocated and targeted to the high-risk sub-populations identified in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Huey Teh
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, 40170, Seksyen U13, Bandar Setia Alam, Malaysia.
| | - Ming Woey Teh
- Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Jalan Langat, 41200, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kuang Hock Lim
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, 40170, Seksyen U13, Bandar Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Chee Cheong Kee
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, 40170, Seksyen U13, Bandar Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ghazali Sumarni
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, 40170, Seksyen U13, Bandar Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Pei Pei Heng
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, 40170, Seksyen U13, Bandar Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Tajul Hassan Mohd Zahari
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, 40170, Seksyen U13, Bandar Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Ying Ying Chan
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Jalan Bangsar, 50590, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md Iderus Nuur Hafiza
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, 40170, Seksyen U13, Bandar Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Eng Ong Tee
- Allied Health Science College, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kamaludin Fadzilah
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, 40170, Seksyen U13, Bandar Setia Alam, Malaysia
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Kee CC, Lim KH, Sumarni MG, Teh CH, Chan YY, Nuur Hafizah MI, Cheah YK, Tee EO, Ahmad Faudzi Y, Amal Nasir M. Validity of self-reported weight and height: a cross-sectional study among Malaysian adolescents. BMC Med Res Methodol 2017; 17:85. [PMID: 28577547 PMCID: PMC5457653 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-017-0362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-reported weight and height are commonly used in lieu of direct measurements of weight and height in large epidemiological surveys due to inevitable constraints such as budget and human resource. However, the validity of self-reported weight and height, particularly among adolescents, needs to be verified as misreporting could lead to misclassification of body mass index and therefore overestimation or underestimation of the burden of BMI-related diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the validity of self-reported weight and height among Malaysian secondary school children. Methods Both self-reported and directly measured weight and height of a subgroup of 663 apparently healthy schoolchildren from the Malaysian Adolescent Health Risk Behaviour (MyAHRB) survey 2013/2014 were analysed. Respondents were required to report their current body weight and height via a self-administrative questionnaire before they were measured by investigators. The validity of self-reported against directly measured weight and height was examined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the Bland-Altman plot and weighted Kappa statistics. Results There was very good intraclass correlation between self-reported and directly measured weight [r = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93, 0.97] and height (r = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90, 0.96). In addition the Bland-Altman plots indicated that the mean difference between self-reported and direct measurement was relatively small. The mean difference (self-reported minus direct measurements) was, for boys: weight, −2.1 kg; height, −1.6 cm; BMI, −0.44 kg/m2 and girls: weight, −1.2 kg; height, −0.9 cm; BMI, −0.3 kg/m2. However, 95% limits of agreement were wide which indicated substantial discrepancies between self-reported and direct measurements method at the individual level. Nonetheless, the weighted Kappa statistics demonstrated a substantial agreement between BMI status categorised based on self-reported weight and height and the direct measurements (kappa = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.84). Conclusion Our results show that the self-reported weight and height were consistent with direct measurements and therefore can be used in assessing the nutritional status of Malaysian school children from the age of 13 to 17 years old in epidemiological studies and for surveillance purposes when direct measurements are not feasible, but not for assessing nutritional status at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Kee
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - K H Lim
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M G Sumarni
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C H Teh
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y Y Chan
- Institute for Public Health, Jalan Bangsar, Federal Hill, 50590, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M I Nuur Hafizah
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y K Cheah
- Universiti Utara Malaysia, UUM, 06010, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - E O Tee
- Allied Health Sciences College Sg. Buloh, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sg. Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Y Ahmad Faudzi
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Amal Nasir
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Lim KH, Lim HL, Teh CH, Kee CC, Khoo YY, Ganapathy SS, Jane Ling MY, Mohd Ghazali S, Tee EO. Smoking among school-going adolescents in selected secondary schools in Peninsular Malaysia- findings from the Malaysian Adolescent Health Risk Behaviour (MyaHRB) study. Tob Induc Dis 2017; 15:9. [PMID: 28163668 PMCID: PMC5282817 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-016-0108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A multitude of studies have revealed that smoking is a learned behaviour during adolescence and efforts to reduce the incidence of smoking has been identified as long-term measures to curb the smoking menace. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence as well as the intra and inter-personal factors associated with smoking among upper secondary school students in selected schools in Peninsular Malaysia. METHODS A study was carried out in 2013, which involved a total of 40 secondary schools. They were randomly selected using a two-stage clustering sampling method. Subsequently, all upper secondary school students (aged 16 to 17 years) from each selected school were recruited into the study. Data was collected using a validated standardised questionnaire. RESULTS This study revealed that the prevalence of smoking was 14.6% (95% CI:13.3-15.9), and it was significantly higher among males compared to females (27.9% vs 2.4%, p < 0.001). Majority of smokers initiated smoking during their early adolescent years (60%) and almost half of the respondents bought cigarettes themselves from the store. Multivariable analysis revealed that the following factors increased the likelihood of being a current smoker: being male (aOR 21. 51, 95% CI:13.1-35), perceived poor academic achievement (aOR 3.42, 95% CI:1.50-7.37) had one or both parents who smoked (aOR 1.80, 95% CI:1.32-2.45; aOR 6.50, 95 CI%:1.65-25.65), and always feeling lonely (aOR 2.23, 95% CI:1.21-4.43). In contrast, respondents with a higher religiosity score and protection score were less likely to smoke (aOR 0.51, 95% CI:0.15-0.92; aOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55-0.92). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the prevalence of smoking among Malaysian adolescents of school-going age was high, despite implementation of several anti-smoking measures in Malaysia. More robust measures integrating the factors identified in this study are strongly recommended to curb the smoking epidemic among adolescents in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang Hock Lim
- Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui Li Lim
- Melaka Manipal Medical College, Jalan Batu Hampar, Kuala Lumpur, 75150 Melaka Malaysia
| | - Chien Huey Teh
- Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Cheong Kee
- Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yi Yi Khoo
- Institute for Public Health, Jalan Bangsar, 50590 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Miaw Yn Jane Ling
- Institute for Public Health, Jalan Bangsar, 50590 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Eng Ong Tee
- Allied Health College, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sg. Buloh, Malaysia
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Chan YY, Lim KH, Teh CH, Kee CC, Ghazali SM, Lim KK, Khoo YY, Tee EO, Ahmad NA, Ibrahim N. Prevalence and risk factors associated with suicidal ideation among adolescents in Malaysia. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2016; 30:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2016-0053/ijamh-2016-0053.xml. [PMID: 27508957 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2016-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation, defined as thoughts, ideas and the desire to commit suicide, is becoming a major public health problem among adolescents. Indeed, suicidal ideation is known as a key predictor of future suicide risk. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with suicidal ideation among adolescents in Malaysia. METHODS This study used data from the 2013 Malaysian adolescent health risk behavior (MyAHRB) study, a cross-sectional school survey conducted in Peninsular Malaysia among school-going adolescents aged 16-17 years (n=2789). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors associated with suicidal ideation among Malaysian adolescents. RESULTS The overall prevalence of suicidal ideation among the adolescents was 6.2%. The prevalence was significantly higher among females than males (7.6% vs. 4.7%; p=0.002). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that adolescents who were females [odds ratio (OR)=2.02; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40-2.92] or of Indian ethnicity (OR=2.32; 95% CI: 1.35-3.98) were more likely to report suicidal ideation. Loneliness (OR=2.54; 95% CI: 1.57-4.11), anxiety or worry (OR=2.70; 95% CI: 1.70-4.31), no close friends (OR=2.71; 95% CI: 1.43-5.14), and lack of supportive peers (OR=1.69; 95% CI: 1.15-2.47) were identified as risk factors for adolescents' suicidal ideation. Adolescents who ever had sexual intercourse (OR=2.70; 95% CI: 1.48-4.92) and had been in a physical fight (OR=2.45; 95% CI: 1.62-3.70) were also reported to have higher risks of suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence on risk factors associated with suicidal ideation among Malaysian adolescents. Targeted mental health and health risk behavioral interventions for high-risk adolescents are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ying Chan
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 50590 Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kuang Hock Lim
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chien Huey Teh
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Cheong Kee
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Kuang Kuay Lim
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yi Yi Khoo
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng Ong Tee
- Allied Health Sciences College Sungai Buloh, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Ani Ahmad
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Normala Ibrahim
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lim KH, Ibrahim N, Ghazali SM, Kee CC, Lim KK, Chan YY, Teh CH, Tee EO, Lai WY, Nik Mohamad MH, Sidek SM. Stages of smoking cessation among Malaysian adults--findings from national health morbidity survey 2006. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:805-10. [PMID: 23621242 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.2.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the rate of smoking cessation will reduce the burden of diseases related to smoking, including cancer. Understanding the process of smoking cessation is a pre-requisite to planning and developing effective programs to enhance the rate of smoking cessation.The aims of the study were to determine the demographic distribution of smokers across the initial stages of smoking cessation (the pre-contemplation and contemplation stages) and to identify the predictors of smoking cessation among Malaysian adult smokers. Data were extracted from a population-based, cross-sectional survey carried out from April 2006 to July 2006. The distribution of 2,716,743 current smokers across the pre-contemplation stage (no intention to quit smoking in the next six months) or contemplation stage (intended to quit smoking in the next six months) was described. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between socio-demographic variables and the stages of smoking cessation. Of the 2,716,743 current smokers, approximately 30% and 70% were in the pre-contemplative and contemplative stages of smoking cessation respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that male gender, low education level, older age group, married and those from higher income group and number of cigarettes smoked were associated with higher likelihood of pre-contemplation to cease smoking in the next six months. The majority of current smokers in Malaysia were in the contemplative stage of smoking cessation. Specific interventions should be implemented to ensure the pre-contemplative smokers proceed to the contemplative stage and eventually to the preparation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang Hock Lim
- Institute for Public Health, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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