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Andrade-Oliveira V, Amano MT, Correa-Costa M, Castoldi A, Felizardo RJF, de Almeida DC, Bassi EJ, Moraes-Vieira PM, Hiyane MI, Rodas ACD, Peron JPS, Aguiar CF, Reis MA, Ribeiro WR, Valduga CJ, Curi R, Vinolo MAR, Ferreira CM, Câmara NOS. Gut Bacteria Products Prevent AKI Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:1877-88. [PMID: 25589612 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are fermentation end products produced by the intestinal microbiota and have anti-inflammatory and histone deacetylase-inhibiting properties. Recently, a dual relationship between the intestine and kidneys has been unraveled. Therefore, we evaluated the role of SCFA in an AKI model in which the inflammatory process has a detrimental role. We observed that therapy with the three main SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) improved renal dysfunction caused by injury. This protection was associated with low levels of local and systemic inflammation, oxidative cellular stress, cell infiltration/activation, and apoptosis. However, it was also associated with an increase in autophagy. Moreover, SCFAs inhibited histone deacetylase activity and modulated the expression levels of enzymes involved in chromatin modification. In vitro analyses showed that SCFAs modulated the inflammatory process, decreasing the maturation of dendritic cells and inhibiting the capacity of these cells to induce CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation. Furthermore, SCFAs ameliorated the effects of hypoxia in kidney epithelial cells by improving mitochondrial biogenesis. Notably, mice treated with acetate-producing bacteria also had better outcomes after AKI. Thus, we demonstrate that SCFAs improve organ function and viability after an injury through modulation of the inflammatory process, most likely via epigenetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Andrade-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane T Amano
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Correa-Costa
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Enio J Bassi
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Meire I Hiyane
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea C D Rodas
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean P S Peron
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristhiane F Aguiar
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlene A Reis
- Division of Pathology, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Willian R Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo UNIAN-SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudete J Valduga
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo UNIAN-SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Marco Aurelio Ramirez Vinolo
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
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Moraes-Vieira PMM, Larocca RA, Bassi EJ, Peron JPS, Andrade-Oliveira V, Wasinski F, Araujo R, Thornley T, Quintana FJ, Basso AS, Strom TB, Câmara NOS. Leptin deficiency impairs maturation of dendritic cells and enhances induction of regulatory T and Th17 cells. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:794-806. [PMID: 24271843 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipose-secreted hormone that plays an important role in both metabolism and immunity. Leptin has been shown to induce Th1-cell polarization and inhibit Th2-cell responses. Additionally, leptin induces Th17-cell responses, inhibits regulatory T (Treg) cells and modulates autoimmune diseases. Here, we investigated whether leptin mediates its activity on T cells by influencing dendritic cells (DCs) to promote Th17 and Treg-cell immune responses in mice. We observed that leptin deficiency (i) reduced the expression of DC maturation markers, (ii) decreased DC production of IL-12, TNF-α, and IL-6, (iii) increased DC production of TGF-β, and (iv) limited the capacity of DCs to induce syngeneic CD4(+) T-cell proliferation. As a consequence of this unique phenotype, DCs generated under leptin-free conditions induced Treg or TH 17 cells more efficiently than DCs generated in the presence of leptin. These data indicate important roles for leptin in DC homeostasis and the initiation and maintenance of inflammatory and regulatory immune responses by DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M M Moraes-Vieira
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Medical Deaconess Center, Transplant Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Food intake and nutritional status modify the physiological responses of the immune system to illness and infection and regulate the development of chronic inflammatory processes, such as kidney disease. Adipose tissue secretes immune-related proteins called adipokines that have pleiotropic effects on both the immune and neuroendocrine systems, linking metabolism and immune physiology. Leptin, an adipose tissue-derived adipokine, displays a variety of immune and physiological functions, and participates in several immune responses. Here, we review the current literature on the role of leptin in kidney diseases, linking adipose tissue and the immune system with kidney-related disorders. The modulation of this adipose hormone may have a major impact on the treatment of several immune- and metabolic-related kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M M Moraes-Vieira
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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