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Boadu WIO, Owiredu WKBA, Donkoh ET, Boadu KO, Kwayie AA, Frimpong J, Anto EO, Obirikorang C, Korsah EE, Ansah E, Nyantakyi M, Opoku S, Senu E, Aboagye E. Association of body iron stores and anemia in a Ghanaian type-2 diabetes mellitus population: A multicentered cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2059. [PMID: 38725560 PMCID: PMC11079434 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Anemia has been a common comorbidity in most chronic diseases, but has not been well monitored in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of anemia and its nexus with iron stores among T2DM patients in health facilities in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Methods This multicenter cross-sectional study recruited 213 T2DM out-patients attending the diabetic clinics at the Kumasi South Hospital and St. Michaels Hospital, Jachie Pramso, Ghana, for routine check-ups. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical data from study participants. Blood samples were collected to estimate hematological parameters and iron stores. Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess the difference in hematological parameters and iron stores between anemic and nonanemic patients. All p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Of the 213 T2DM participants, the prevalence of anemia was 31.9%. More females 145 (68.1%) were registered than males 68 (31.9%). Anemic patients had significantly lower levels of mean cell volume [79.30/fL vs. 82.60/fL, p = 0.001], mean cell hemoglobin [26.60/pg vs. 27.90/pg, p < 0.0001], and mean cell hemoglobin concentration [33.10/g/dL) vs. 33.80/g/dL, p < 0.0001] than those without anemia. Serum levels of ferritin (p = 0.1140), transferrin (p = 0.5070), iron (p = 0.7950), and total iron binding capacity (p = 0.4610) did not differ significantly between T2DM patients with or without anemia. Conclusion Despite the high prevalence of anemia among the T2DM patients in our cohort, patients present with apparently normal iron stores. This unrecognized mild anemia must be frequently monitored among T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wina I. O. Boadu
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - William K. B. A Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Emmanuel Timmy Donkoh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Centre for Research in Applied BiologyUniversity of Energy and Natural ResourcesSunyaniGhana
| | - Kwame O. Boadu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyKumasi South HospitalKumasiGhana
| | - Afia A. Kwayie
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Joseph Frimpong
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Enoch O. Anto
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupPerthAustralia
| | - Christian Obirikorang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Emmanuel E. Korsah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Ezekiel Ansah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Michael Nyantakyi
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Stephen Opoku
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Ebenezer Senu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Elizabeth Aboagye
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
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Sakyi SA, Tawiah P, Senu E, Ampofo RO, Enimil AK, Amoani B, Anto EO, Opoku S, Effah A, Abban E, Frimpong J, Frimpong E, Bannor LO, Kwayie AA, Naturinda E, Ansah EA, Baidoo BT, Kodzo KE, Ayisi‐Boateng NK. Frailty syndrome and associated factors among patients with hypertension: A cross-sectional study in Kumasi, Ghana. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1664. [PMID: 37900092 PMCID: PMC10600407 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Frailty is a condition marked by accumulation of biological deficits and dysfunctions that come with aging and it is correlated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertension. Hypertension continues to be a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases and premature death globally. However, there is dearth of literature in sub-Saharan Africa on frailty syndrome among hypertensives on medication. This study evaluated frailty syndrome and its associated factors among Ghanaian hypertensives. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 303 patients with hypertension from the University Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana. Data on sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical factors were collected using a well-structured questionnaire. Medication adherence was measured using Adherence in Chronic Disease Scale, and frailty was assessed by Tilburg Frailty Indicator. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Version 26.0 and GraphPad prism 8.0. p-value of < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval (CI) were considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of frailty was 59.7%. The proportion of high, medium and low medication adherence was 23.4%, 64.4% and 12.2%, respectively. Being ≥ 70years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 8.33, 95% CI [3.72-18.67], p < 0.0001), unmarried (aOR: 2.59, 95% CI [1.37-4.89], p = 0.0030), having confirmed hypertension complications (aOR: 3.21, 95% CI [1.36-7.53], p = 0.0080), medium (aOR: 1.99, 95% CI [1.05-3.82], p = 0.0360) and low antihypertensive drug adherence (aOR: 27.69, 95% CI [7.05-108.69], p < 0.0001) were independent predictors of increased odds of developing frailty syndrome. Conclusion Approximately 6 out of 10 Ghanaian adult patients with hypertension experience frailty syndrome. Hypertension complications, older age, being unmarried, and low antihypertensive drug adherence increased the chances of developing frailty syndrome. These should be considered in intervention programmes to prevent frailty among patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Sakyi
- Department of Molecular MedicineKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Phyllis Tawiah
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and DentistryKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Ebenezer Senu
- Department of Molecular MedicineKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Ransford O. Ampofo
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Anthony K. Enimil
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Child Health DirectorateKomfo Anokye Teaching HospitalKumasiGhana
| | - Benjamin Amoani
- Department of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
| | - Enoch O. Anto
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Stephen Opoku
- Department of Molecular MedicineKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Alfred Effah
- Department of Molecular MedicineKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Elizabeth Abban
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
- Department of Medical Laboratory TechnologyGarden City University CollegeKumasiGhana
| | - Joseph Frimpong
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Emmaunel Frimpong
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Lydia Oppong Bannor
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Afia A. Kwayie
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Emmanuel Naturinda
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Eugene A. Ansah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Bright T. Baidoo
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Kini E. Kodzo
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Nana K. Ayisi‐Boateng
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and DentistryKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
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Boadu WIO, Anto EO, Frimpong J, Ntiful F, Korsah EE, Ansah E, Tamakloe VCKT, Agyapomaa A, Opoku S, Senu E, Nyantakyi M, Etwi‐Mensah A, Acheampong E, Boadu KO, Donkoh ET, Obirikorang C. Prevalence, knowledge, and lifestyle-associated risk factors of dyslipidemia among Ghanaian type-2 diabetes mellitus patients in rural and urban areas: A multicenter cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1475. [PMID: 37636287 PMCID: PMC10447875 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus has been linked to unhealthy lifestyle and bad eating habits. However, this association has not been well studied among rural and urban Ghanaian populations. In this study, we determined the prevalence, knowledge, and lifestyle-associated risk factors of dyslipidemia among Ghanaian type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in rural and urban areas. Methods This comparative multicentre-cross-sectional study recruited 228 T2DM outpatients attending the St. Michael Hospital, Pramso (rural) and Kumasi South Regional Hospital (urban), Ghana for routine check-ups. Self-structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, knowledge, and lifestyle characteristics. Fasting blood samples were taken to measure lipid profiles. Dyslipidemia was defined per the American Diabetes Association criteria. All p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 79/228 (34.7%). Dyslipidemia was more prevalent among urban participants 43 (18.9%) than rural participants 36 (15.8%). Twenty-seven (11.7%) had adequate knowledge about the risk factors, complications, and management of diabetes. Eating supper after 7 p.m. [adjusted odds ratio = 3.77, 95% confidence interval (1.70-8.37), p = 0.001] significantly increased one's risk of having dyslipidemia by 3.8-fold compared to eating supper earlier (before 5 p.m.). Conclusion Dyslipidemia is increasing among T2DM patients in both urban and rural areas and it's independently influenced by eating supper after 7 p.m. Most participants were ignorant of the risk factors, complications, and management of diabetes. Adjusting eating habits and increasing diabetes awareness programs to sensitize the general public can mitigate the increasing prevalence of dyslipidemia in both urban and rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wina I. O. Boadu
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Enoch O. Anto
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia
- Centre for Precision Health, ECU Strategic Research CentreEdith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia
| | - Joseph Frimpong
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Felix Ntiful
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Emmanuel E. Korsah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Ezekiel Ansah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Valentine C. K. T. Tamakloe
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Afia Agyapomaa
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Stephen Opoku
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Ebenezer Senu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and DentistryKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Michael Nyantakyi
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Albright Etwi‐Mensah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Emmanuel Acheampong
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and DentistryKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Kwame O. Boadu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kumasi South HospitalAtonsu‐AgogoKumasiGhana
| | - Emmanuel Timmy Donkoh
- Department of Medical Laboratory ScienceUniversity of Energy and Natural ResourcesSunyaniGhana
| | - Christian Obirikorang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and DentistryKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
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Anto EO, Frimpong J, Boadu WIO, Korsah EE, Tamakloe VCKT, Ansah E, Opoku S, Acheampong E, Asamoah EA, Nyarkoa P, Adua E, Afrifa‐Yamoah E, Annani‐Akollor ME, Obirikorang C. Cardiometabolic syndrome among general adult population in Ghana: The role of lipid accumulation product, waist circumference-triglyceride index, and triglyceride-glucose index as surrogate indicators. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1419. [PMID: 37441132 PMCID: PMC10333904 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral obesity and insulin resistance contribute to developing cardiometabolic syndrome (MetS). We investigated the predictive abilities of lipid accumulation product (LAP), waist circumference-triglyceride index (WTI), and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index for MetS screening among the general Ghanaian adults. Methods The final prospective analysis included 4740 healthy adults aged 30-90 years from three communities comprising Ejisu, Konongo, and Ashanti Akim Agogo in Ghana. Self-structured questionnaire pretested was used to collect sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical data. Blood samples were taken after fasting to measure glucose and lipid levels. LAP, WTI, and TyG were calculated from standard equations. MetS was defined by the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and multivariable logistic regression were utilized to evaluate the potential of the three indices in identifying MetS. Results Of the 4740 participants, 39.7% had MetS. MetS was more common in females (50.3%) than in males (22.2%). Overall, LAP ≥ 27.52 yielded as the best index for MetS with the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) (0.866). At cut-off LAP point of ≥23.87 in males and ≥33.32 in females, an AUC of 0.951 and 0.790 was identified in MetS prediction, respectively. LAP was an independent risk measure of MetS for both males (45.6-fold) and females (3.7-fold) whereas TyG was an independent risk measure for females (3.7-fold) only. Conclusions MetS is increasing among the general adult population. LAP and TyG are important sex-specific risk measures to screen for MetS among the general adult population in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch O. Anto
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia
| | - Joseph Frimpong
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Wina I. O. Boadu
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Emmanuel E. Korsah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Valentine C. K. T. Tamakloe
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Ezekiel Ansah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Stephen Opoku
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Emmanuel Acheampong
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Evans A. Asamoah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Patience Nyarkoa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Eric Adua
- Rural Clinical School, Medicine and HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Max E. Annani‐Akollor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Christian Obirikorang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
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Selleh PK, Anto EO, Boadu WIO, Sackey B, Boateng LA, Nkansah C, Nsafoah F, Saasi AR, Mintaah S, Wiafe YA, Derigubah C, Korsah EE, Frimpong J, Ansah E, Tamakloe VCKT, Adu P, Boachie J, Addai‐Mensah O. Quality of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its association with markers of coagulation and inhibitors of fibrinolysis: A case-control study in the Upper West Region, Ghana. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1297. [PMID: 37292102 PMCID: PMC10246457 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals are at a higher risk of developing diabetes complications, with approximately 80% complication-related mortality. The increased morbidity and mortality among T2DM patients are partly due to dysregulated hemostasis. This study determined the quality of glycemic control in T2DM and its association with markers of coagulation and inhibitors of fibrinolysis. Methods This case-control study recruited 90 participants involving: 30 T2DM patients with good glycemic control, 30 with poor glycemic control, and 30 nondiabetic subjects as controls at a Municipal Hospital in Ghana. Fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), calculated international normalized ratio (INR), and full blood count (FBC) were determined for each respondent. Plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) were determined using the solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Data were analyzed using R language software. Results Plasma PAI-1 antigen levels were significantly higher in the participants with poor glycemic control as compared to participants with good glycemic control (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in plasma TAFI levels between the participants with poor glycemic control as compared to participants with good glycemic control (p = 0.900). T2DM patients had significantly shorter APTT, PT, and INR than controls (p < 0.05). At a cut-off of ≥161.70 pg/μL, PAI was independently associated with increasing odds (adjusted odds ratio = 13.71, 95% confidence interval: 3.67-51.26, p < 0.0001) of poor glycemic control and showed the best diagnostic accuracy for poor glycemic control (area under the curve = 0.85, p < 0.0001). Conclusion PAI-1 levels were significantly increased in T2DM with poor glycemic control and emerged as the best predictor for poor glycemic control. Good glycemic management to control the plasma levels of PAI-1 is required to prevent hypercoagulability and thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K. Selleh
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Enoch O. Anto
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for Precision Health, ECU Strategic Research CentreEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Wina I. O. Boadu
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Benedict Sackey
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Lilian A. Boateng
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Charles Nkansah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Frederick Nsafoah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Abdul R. Saasi
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Selina Mintaah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Yaw A. Wiafe
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Charles Derigubah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Emmanuel E. Korsah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Joseph Frimpong
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Ezekiel Ansah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Valentine C. K. T. Tamakloe
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Patrick Adu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
| | - Joseph Boachie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
| | - Otchere Addai‐Mensah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
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Ephraim RK, Saasi AR, Anto EO, Adoba P. Determinants of isolated systolic hypertension among diabetic patients visiting the diabetic clinic at the Tamale Teaching Hospital, Northern Ghana. Afr Health Sci 2016; 16:1151-1156. [PMID: 28479908 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v16i4.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension and diabetes mellitus, two of the leading risk factors for atherosclerosis, are associated with numerous complications, including heart attacks and strokes. AIM This study established the prevalence and determinants of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) in diabetes mellitus patients visiting the Tamale Teaching Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this purposive cross-sectional study, 107 diabetes mellitus patients were recruited from the out-patient diabetes clinic of the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH). Blood and urine samples were collected for the estimation of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and routine urinalysis respectively. A well-structured pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic data and clinical history of participants, and their blood pressure measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer. RESULTS The prevalence of ISH among the participants was 37.4%. Mean age and FBG were significantly higher among participants with ISH than the normotensives (56.20 ± 10.60 v 48.44 ± 11.6, P= 0.022; and 8.80 ± 3.06 v 6.01 ± 0.50, P= 0.034 respectively). Type of diabetes mellitus was associated with ISH (P= 0.010) and age was a risk factor of ISH (OR= 1.057, P= 0.008). CONCLUSION Isolated systolic hypertension was prevalent in 37.4% of diabetes mellitus patients and was associated with older age. Effective measures should, therefore, be instituted to prevent ISH in patients with type 2 diabetes especially the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kd Ephraim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Razak Saasi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Enoch O Anto
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Prince Adoba
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Dassah S, Sakyi SA, Frempong MT, Luuse AT, Ephraim RKD, Anto EO, Oduro A. Seroconversion of Hepatitis B Vaccine in Young Children in the Kassena Nankana District of Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145209. [PMID: 26716979 PMCID: PMC4696801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is an important public health problem that requires high priority efforts towards prevention and control. Active immunization is the single most important and effective preventive measure against HBV infection. As a protective measure, Ghana introduced the mass immunization program against hepatitis B infection in children in 2002 in her Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI). This study evaluated seroconversion (the point in time when the amount of antibody in the blood becomes detectable) and seroprotection (the point in time when the amount of antibody in the blood is enough to confer protection from the antigen that induced it production) status of children under this mass immunization program and measured their antibody levels five years after immunization. Materials and Method 200 archived plasma samples of children between the ages of 1–10 years were retrieved from a previous cross-sectional study by researchers from NHRC between 2009 and 2010. Of these, 104 have completed the EPI and were screened for HBsAg. Those found to be HBsAg-seronegative were stratified into three groups according to their age at which the last vaccine was administered. Their anti-HBsAg titer levels were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Results Two (1.9%) samples were HBsAg seropositive and were excluded from further analyses. 10 more samples were excluded from analyses because they were insufficient. The anti-HBs titers recorded ranged from 1.021 IU/L to 751.64 IU/L indicating a 100% seroconversion rate. In group one (0–6 months), 87.9% were seroprotected. Group two (2-3yrs) had 78.3% seroprotection and group three (3-5yrs) had 41.7% seroprotection. There was no significant difference between group 1 and 2. However, there was a significant difference between group 1 and 3 (p = 0.0137) and between group 2 and 3 (p = 0.0390) respectively. There was no significant difference between male and female children. Conclusion All the children who received doses of hepatitis B vaccine at 6, 10 and 14 weeks in the immunization program seroconverted, but their levels of protection waned with increasing years. Booster doses are therefore recommended after 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel A. Sakyi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- * E-mail:
| | - Margaret T. Frempong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Arnold T. Luuse
- Faculty of Allied Health Science, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Richard K. D. Ephraim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Enoch O. Anto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Abraham Oduro
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, Upper East, Ghana
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Turpin CA, Sakyi SA, Owiredu WKBA, Ephraim RKD, Anto EO. Association between adverse pregnancy outcome and imbalance in angiogenic regulators and oxidative stress biomarkers in gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15:189. [PMID: 26303772 PMCID: PMC4549075 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0624-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational hypertension (GH) and Preeclampsia, (PE) are the most complicated amongst hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The mechanism that links hypertension in pregnancy to adverse maternal outcomes is not fully understood though some relate this to endothelial dysfunction originating from an imbalanced angiogenic regulators and oxidative stress biomarkers. This study assessed the correlation between angiogenic regulators and oxidative stress biomarker levels with adverse pregnancy outcomes among GH and PE participants. Methods A cohort of pregnant women who received antenatal care at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) were followed. During their antenatal visits, 100 developed PE and 70 developed GE, of these, 50 PE and 50 GH gave informed consent. Their blood samples were taken at time of diagnosis and 48 h post-partum. 50 other aged-matched women who did not develop neither GH nor PE were selected as controls. Placental growth factor (PLGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) and 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-epi-PGF2α) levels were estimated by ELISA and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was measured spectrophotometrically. Graphpad Prism was used for data analysis. Results Median levels of sFlt-1, 8-epi-PGF2α and sFlt-1/PLGF were elevated among participants with PE co-existing with intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), placental abruptio, placental previa, HELLP syndrome and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) compared to PE without adverse outcomes (p = 0.041, p = 0.005, p = 0.0002). Levels of PLGF, T-AOC and PLGF/sFlt-1 were significantly reduced among participants with PE co-existing with IUFD, placental abruptio, placental previa, HELLP syndrome and IUGR compared to PE without adverse outcomes (p = 0.0013, p = 0.006, p < 0.0001). A significant negative correlation of IUGR (p = 0.0030; p < 0.0001), placental abruptio (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001), IUFD (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001), stillbirth (p = 0.0183 and p < 0.000), and postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) (p = 0.0420; p = 0.0044) were associated with both PLGF and T-AOC whilst a significant positive correlation of IUGR, placental abruptio (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001), IUFD (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001), stillbirth (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001), and PPH (p = 0.0043; p = 0.0039) were observed with both sFlt-1 and 8-epi-PGF2α in PE. Conclusions Imbalance in the levels of angiogenic regulators and oxidative stress biomarkers correlates with adverse pregnancy outcomes among PE participants. Early identification of these imbalance would alert health care givers in anticipation of adverse pregnancy outcome and thus increased surveillance during pregnancy and parturition and measures to ameliorate the adverse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius A Turpin
- Department of Obstretics & Gynaecology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Samuel A Sakyi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana. .,Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana.
| | - William K B A Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Richard K D Ephraim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Enoch O Anto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana.
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