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Lausada N, Arnal N, Astiz M, Marín MC, Lofeudo JM, Stringa P, Tacconi de Alaniz MJ, Tacconi de Gómez Dumm N, Hurtado de Catalfo G, Cristalli de Piñero N, Pallanza de Stringa MC, Illara de Bozzolo EM, Bozzarello EG, Cristalli DO, Marra CA. Dietary fats significantly influence the survival of penumbral neurons in a rat model of chronic ischemic by modifying lipid mediators, inflammatory biomarkers, NOS production, and redox-dependent apoptotic signals. Nutrition 2015; 31:1430-42. [PMID: 26429666 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain stroke is the third most important cause of death in developed countries. We studied the effect of different dietary lipids on the outcome of a permanent ischemic stroke rat model. METHODS Wistar rats were fed diets containing 7% commercial oils (S, soybean; O, olive; C, coconut; G, grape seed) for 35 d. Stroke was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Coronal slices from ischemic brains and sham-operated animals were supravitally stained. Penumbra and core volumes were calculated by image digitalization after 24, 48, and 72 h poststroke. Homogenates and mitochondrial fractions were prepared from different zones and analyzed by redox status, inflammatory markers, ceramide, and arachidonate content, phospholipase A2, NOS, and proteases. RESULTS Soybean (S) and G diets were mainly prooxidative and proinflammatory by increasing the liberation of arachidonate and its transformation into prostaglandins. O was protective in terms of redox homeostatic balance, minor increases in lipid and protein damage, conservation of reduced glutathione, protective activation of NOS in penumbra, and net ratio of anti-to proinflammatory cytokines. Apoptosis (caspase-3, milli- and microcalpains) was less activated by O than by any other diet. CONCLUSION Dietary lipids modulate NOS and PLA2 activities, ceramide production, and glutathione import into the mitochondrial matrix, finally determining the activation of the two main protease systems involved in programmed cell death. Olive oil appears to be a biological source for the isolation of protective agents that block the expansion of brain core at the expense of penumbral neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Lausada
- LTO (Laboratorio de Transplante de Órganos), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Nathalie Arnal
- INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mariana Astiz
- INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Cristina Marín
- INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Lofeudo
- INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo Stringa
- LTO (Laboratorio de Transplante de Órganos), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María J Tacconi de Alaniz
- INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Nelva Tacconi de Gómez Dumm
- LTO (Laboratorio de Transplante de Órganos), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Graciela Hurtado de Catalfo
- INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Norma Cristalli de Piñero
- INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Cristina Pallanza de Stringa
- INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eva María Illara de Bozzolo
- INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Enrique Gustavo Bozzarello
- DAIS (Dirección de Aplicación de Imágenes Satelitarias), Ministerio de Infraestructura de la Pcia. de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Marra
- INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
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