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Huang Z, Omwange KA, Tsay LWJ, Saito Y, Maai E, Yamazaki A, Nakano R, Nakazaki T, Kuramoto M, Suzuki T, Ogawa Y, Kondo N. UV excited fluorescence image-based non-destructive method for early detection of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) spoilage. Food Chem 2022; 368:130776. [PMID: 34425344 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The soon spoiled strawberries need to be classified from healthy fruits in an early stage. In this research, a machine vision system is proposed for inspecting the quality of strawberries using ultraviolet (UV) light based on the excitation-emission matrix (EEM) results. Among the 100 fruits which were harvested and stored under 10 °C condition for 7 days, 7 fruits were confirmed to be spoiled by using a firmness meter. The EEM results show the fluorescence compound contributes to a whitish surface on the spoiled fruits. Based on the EEM results, UV fluorescence images from the bottom view of strawberries were used to classify the spoiled fruits and healthy fruits within 1 day after harvest. These results demonstrate the UV fluorescence imaging can be a fast, non-destructive, and low-cost method for inspecting the soon spoiled fruits. The proposed index related to the spoiling time can be a new indicator for qualifying strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Huang
- Laboratory of Biosensing Engineering, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ken Abamba Omwange
- Laboratory of Biosensing Engineering, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Lok Wai Jacky Tsay
- Laboratory of Biosensing Engineering, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshito Saito
- Laboratory of Biosensing Engineering, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Eri Maai
- Laboratory of Plant Production Control (Experimental Farm), Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0218, Japan; Faculty of International Agriculture and Food Studies, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Akira Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Plant Production Control (Experimental Farm), Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0218, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nakano
- Laboratory of Plant Production Control (Experimental Farm), Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0218, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakazaki
- Laboratory of Plant Production Control (Experimental Farm), Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0218, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuramoto
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuhito Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biosensing Engineering, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ogawa
- Laboratory of Biosensing Engineering, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Naoshi Kondo
- Laboratory of Biosensing Engineering, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Maai E, Miyake H, Taniguchi M. Differential positioning of chloroplasts in C4 mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. Plant Signal Behav 2011; 6:1111-3. [PMID: 21757999 PMCID: PMC3260704 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.8.15809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast photorelocation movement is extensively studied in C3 but not C4 plants. C4 plants have 2 types of photosynthetic cells: mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. Mesophyll chloroplasts are randomly distributed along cell walls, whereas bundle sheath chloroplasts are located close to the vascular tissues or mesophyll cells depending on the plant species. The cell-specific C 4 chloroplast arrangement is established during cell maturation, and is maintained throughout the life of the cell. However, only mesophyll chloroplasts can change their positions in response to environmental stresses. The migration pattern is unique to C4 plants and differs from that of C3 chloroplasts. In this mini-review, we highlight the cell-specific disposition of chloroplasts in C4 plants and discuss the possible physiological significances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Maai
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Maai E, Shimada S, Yamada M, Sugiyama T, Miyake H, Taniguchi M. The avoidance and aggregative movements of mesophyll chloroplasts in C(4) monocots in response to blue light and abscisic acid. J Exp Bot 2011; 62:3213-21. [PMID: 21339388 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In C(4) plants, mesophyll (M) chloroplasts are randomly distributed along the cell walls, whereas bundle sheath chloroplasts are located in either a centripetal or centrifugal position. It was reported previously that only M chloroplasts aggregatively redistribute to the bundle sheath side in response to extremely strong light or environmental stresses. The aggregative movement of M chloroplasts is also induced in a light-dependent fashion upon incubation with abscisic acid (ABA). The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and red/blue light in the aggregative movement of M chloroplasts are examined here in two distinct subtypes of C(4) plants, finger millet and maize. Exogenously applied hydrogen peroxide or ROS scavengers could not change the response patterns of M chloroplast movement to light and ABA. Blue light irradiation essentially induced the rearrangement of M chloroplasts along the sides of anticlinal walls, parallel to the direction of the incident light, which is analogous to the avoidance movement of C(3) chloroplasts. In the presence of ABA, most of the M chloroplasts showed the aggregative movement in response to blue light but not red light. Together these results suggest that ROS are not involved in signal transduction for the aggregative movement, and ABA can shift the blue light-induced avoidance movement of C(4)-M chloroplasts to the aggregative movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Maai
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
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