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Rosa SB, Humphreys G, Langille L, Voldeng H, Henriquez MA, Burt AJ, Randhawa HS, Fetch T, Hiebert CW, Blackwell B, Zegeye T, Cummiskey A, Fortier E, Scheeren PL, Turra C, McCallum B. Characterization of Brazilian spring wheat germplasm and its potential for increasing wheat genetic diversity in Canada. Front Genet 2023; 14:1125940. [PMID: 37007938 PMCID: PMC10063806 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1125940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present era of climate instability, Canadian wheat production has been frequently affected by abiotic stresses and by dynamic populations of pathogens and pests that are more virulent and aggressive over time. Genetic diversity is fundamental to guarantee sustainable and improved wheat production. In the past, the genetics of Brazilian cultivars, such as Frontana, have been studied by Canadian researchers and consequently, Brazilian germplasm has been used to breed Canadian wheat cultivars. The objective of this study was to characterize a collection of Brazilian germplasm under Canadian growing conditions, including the reaction of the Brazilian germplasm to Canadian isolates/pathogens and to predict the presence of certain genes in an effort to increase genetic diversity, improve genetic gain and resilience of Canadian wheat. Over 100 Brazilian hard red spring wheat cultivars released from 1986 to 2016 were evaluated for their agronomic performance in eastern Canada. Some cultivars showed good adaptability, with several cultivars being superior or statistically equal to the highest yielding Canadian checks. Several Brazilian cultivars had excellent resistance to leaf rust, even though only a few of these tested positive for the presence of either Lr34 or Lr16, two of the most common resistance genes in Canadian wheat. Resistance for stem rust, stripe rust and powdery mildew was variable among the Brazilian cultivars. However, many Brazilian cultivars had high levels of resistance to Canadian and African - Ug99 strains of stem rust. Many Brazilian cultivars had good Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance, which appears to be derived from Frontana. In contrast FHB resistance in Canadian wheat is largely based on the Chinese variety, Sumai-3. The Brazilian germplasm is a valuable source of semi-dwarf (Rht) genes, and 75% of the Brazilian collection possessed Rht-B1b. Many cultivars in the Brazilian collection were found to be genetically distinct from Canadian wheat, making them a valuable resource to increase the disease resistance and genetic variability in Canada and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barcellos Rosa
- Centre de recherche sur les grains (CÉROM), Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Silvia Barcellos Rosa,
| | - Gavin Humphreys
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Linda Langille
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Harvey Voldeng
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Antonia Henriquez
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Andrew James Burt
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Harpinder Singh Randhawa
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Tom Fetch
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Colin W. Hiebert
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Barbara Blackwell
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Taye Zegeye
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Allan Cummiskey
- Charlottetown Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Eric Fortier
- Centre de recherche sur les grains (CÉROM), Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Luiz Scheeren
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (EMBRAPA) Trigo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Camila Turra
- OR Melhoramento de Sementes, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Brent McCallum
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
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Rajeul S, Fortier E, Barbieri E, Abd El-Aziz S, Vemparala C. First Microseismic Monitoring of Hydraulic Stimulation in Bahrah and Sabriyah Fields, Northeastern Kuwait. Day 1 Sun, February 19, 2023 2023. [DOI: 10.2118/213281-ms] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe first microseismic monitoring operations of hydraulically stimulated wells were run in Bahrah and Sabriyah oilfields, Northeastern Kuwait. The main objective was to evaluate the capacity of the microseismic in optimising the fracturing process and consequently improving the production of these reservoirs.The major phases of such monitoring projects are sensors network design, deployment, acquisition, data processing, results delivery, and interpretation. Fit-for-purpose monitoring networks were designed by modelling the expected sensitivity and location accuracy of various sensors geometry scenarios, considering local reservoir properties. Geophones were deployed in observation wells nearby treatment wells to record the seismic waves emitted by the microearthquakes induced by the rock fracturing process. This seismicity was located and characterised to image the fracture networks growth under the effect of pumping. From this, fracture geometry parameters were assessed, stress and hazard characterised, unexpected behaviours were monitored and analysed.By providing information in real-time during rock stimulation operations, microseismic monitoring successfully helped improving production while maintaining a focus on the risk assessment indicators. In Bahrah, seismic response to the treatment was assessed for the target carbonate formation Mauddud, evaluating stimulation effectiveness while characterising unexpected and unwanted behaviours. In Sabriyah, fracture geometry estimates helped calibrating injection models and fine-tuning stimulation plans. Furthermore, a strong focus was also placed on monitoring hazard and anomalies in the Tuba carbonate formation being stimulated near a natural fault. Monitoring procedure, results and lessons learned from these projects can be transferred to other existing or upcoming wells to be drilled in the same formations, adding value to these reservoirs by optimising the fracture design, and making hydrocarbon recovery safer and more efficient.This paper reports on the first usage of microseismic monitoring in Bahrah and Sabriyah oilfields in Kuwait. Monitoring met the initial objectives and both the approach as well as results are now a baseline for the effective development of hydraulic stimulation in these reservoirs and others with similar characteristics.
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Belzile F, Jean M, Torkamaneh D, Tardivel A, Lemay MA, Boudhrioua C, Arsenault-Labrecque G, Dussault-Benoit C, Lebreton A, de Ronne M, Tremblay V, Labbé C, O’Donoughue L, St-Amour VTB, Copley T, Fortier E, Ste-Croix DT, Mimee B, Cober E, Rajcan I, Warkentin T, Gagnon É, Legay S, Auclair J, Bélanger R. The SoyaGen Project: Putting Genomics to Work for Soybean Breeders. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:887553. [PMID: 35557742 PMCID: PMC9087807 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.887553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The SoyaGen project was a collaborative endeavor involving Canadian soybean researchers and breeders from academia and the private sector as well as international collaborators. Its aims were to develop genomics-derived solutions to real-world challenges faced by breeders. Based on the needs expressed by the stakeholders, the research efforts were focused on maximizing realized yield through optimization of maturity and improved disease resistance. The main deliverables related to molecular breeding in soybean will be reviewed here. These include: (1) SNP datasets capturing the genetic diversity within cultivated soybean (both within a worldwide collection of > 1,000 soybean accessions and a subset of 102 short-season accessions (MG0 and earlier) directly relevant to this group); (2) SNP markers for selecting favorable alleles at key maturity genes as well as loci associated with increased resistance to key pathogens and pests (Phytophthora sojae, Heterodera glycines, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum); (3) diagnostic tools to facilitate the identification and mapping of specific pathotypes of P. sojae; and (4) a genomic prediction approach to identify the most promising combinations of parents. As a result of this fruitful collaboration, breeders have gained new tools and approaches to implement molecular, genomics-informed breeding strategies. We believe these tools and approaches are broadly applicable to soybean breeding efforts around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Belzile
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Martine Jean
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Davoud Torkamaneh
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Aurélie Tardivel
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur les Grains (CEROM), Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC, Canada
| | - Marc-André Lemay
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Chiheb Boudhrioua
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Amandine Lebreton
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Maxime de Ronne
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Vanessa Tremblay
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Labbé
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Louise O’Donoughue
- Centre de Recherche sur les Grains (CEROM), Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent-Thomas Boucher St-Amour
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur les Grains (CEROM), Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC, Canada
| | - Tanya Copley
- Centre de Recherche sur les Grains (CEROM), Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Fortier
- Centre de Recherche sur les Grains (CEROM), Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin Mimee
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | - Elroy Cober
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Istvan Rajcan
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Tom Warkentin
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Éric Gagnon
- Semences Prograin Inc., Saint-Césaire, QC, Canada
- Sevita Genetics, Inkerman, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Richard Bélanger
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Pinar U, Freton L, Gondran-Tellier B, Vallée M, Dominique I, Felber M, Khene ZE, Fortier E, Lannes F, Michiels C, Grevez T, Szabla N, Bardet F, Kaulanjan K, Seizilles de Mazancourt E, Matillon X, Pradere B. Educational program in onco-urology for young urologists: What are their needs? Prog Urol 2021; 31:755-761. [PMID: 34154958 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The emergence of new communication media such as digital contents are progressively replacing more traditional medias in the field of educational programs. Our purpose was to assess urologist in training aspirations regarding urological education. METHODS Members of a national urologist in training association were sent an anonymous online questionnaire regarding their medical formation in the field of urology. Responders interest for urological sub-specialty or education support (new tools and traditional support) were evaluated through a 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS Overall, 109 young urologists (26%) responded to the survey. Most of the respondents worked during their training in an academic hospital (n=89, 82%). The three favorite tools for training chosen by the responders were: videos, workshop or masterclass, and podcasts (responders very interested were respectively n=64 (58.7%), n=50 (45.9%), and n=49 (45%)). E-mail newsletters were reported as the less useful educational tool by participants (n=38, 34.9%). Participants were very interested in improving their surgical skills and their radiological knowledge. Responders who were the most attracted by PCa were much more looking to improve their systemic treatment and radiological knowledges. CONCLUSIONS Urologic-oncology was a priority regarding education for urologists in training. A majority of participants expressed a lack in their surgical education, revealing a reduced OR access and underlining utilization of new tools such as simulation. New digital contents such as social media or podcast achieved high interest for the participants, instead of more traditional media. There is a need that educational content evolve and uses new digital media. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Pinar
- GRC n(o) 5, Predictive onco-urology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Urology, Sorbonne université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - L Freton
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - B Gondran-Tellier
- Department of urology, La Conception University Hospital, Assistance-Publique Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - M Vallée
- Department of Urology, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - I Dominique
- Department of Urology, groupe hospitalier Diaconesses Croix Saint-Simon, Paris, France
| | - M Felber
- GRC n(o) 5, Predictive onco-urology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Urology, Sorbonne université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Z-E Khene
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - E Fortier
- Department of Urology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - F Lannes
- Department of urology, La Conception University Hospital, Assistance-Publique Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - C Michiels
- Department of Urology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - T Grevez
- Department of Urology, CHRU de Tours, Francois-Rabelais University, France
| | - N Szabla
- Department of Urology and Transplantation, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - F Bardet
- Department of Urology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - K Kaulanjan
- Department of Urology, CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - E Seizilles de Mazancourt
- Department of Urology and Transplantation, Edouard-Herriot Hospital, Hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - X Matillon
- Department of Urology and Transplantation, Edouard-Herriot Hospital, Hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - B Pradere
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Prudhomme T, Matillon X, Dengu F, de Mazancourt E, Pinar U, Gondran-Tellier B, Freton L, Vallée M, Dominique I, Felber M, Khene ZE, Fortier E, Lannes F, Michiels C, Grevez T, Szabla N, Bardet F, Kaulanjan K, Pradère B, Deschamps JY, Branchereau J. Residents and patients benefit from surgical simulation on a live porcine model, could we consider it as ethical? Prog Urol 2021; 31:618-626. [PMID: 34158220 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective was to evaluate, by self-questionnaire, the feeling of participants in surgical training sessions on a live porcine model. METHODS A computerized questionnaire (GoogleForm ©) was sent to the members of the French Association of Urologists-in-Training (AFUF) (fellows and residents). Only questionnaires from Urologists-in-training who had participated in surgical training sessions were included. The sessions consisted of performing surgeries such as laparoscopic nephrectomies or laparoscopic cystectomies. RESULTS Overall, 198 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 36.4% (72/198) of the participants were fellows and 63.6% (126/198) were residents. According to the participants, the main interest of sessions was to be able to train for emergency situations. A total of 79.8% (158/198) of the participants wanted surgical simulation to become compulsory. To their opinion, the main advantage of surgical simulation on a live porcine model was: technical progress in 87.4% (173/198) of cases. A total of 13.1% (26/198) of the participants found it was unethical to perform the first technical procedures on live animal models. A total of 65.7% (130/198) of the participants considered that there is currently no system of substitution. CONCLUSION For the participants, surgical training on a live porcine model allows technical progress while training for serious emergency situations. Surgeons and patients could benefit from this risk-free mock surgical scenario. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Prudhomme
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France; Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Urology, Kidney Transplantation and Andrology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
| | - X Matillon
- Department of Urology and Transplantation, Hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - F Dengu
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - E de Mazancourt
- Department of Urology and Transplantation, Hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - U Pinar
- Department of Urology, University Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - B Gondran-Tellier
- Department of Urology, La Conception University Hospital, Assistance-Publique Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - L Freton
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - M Vallée
- Department of Urology, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - I Dominique
- Department of Urology, Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses Croix Saint-Simon, Paris, France
| | - M Felber
- Department of Urology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Z-E Khene
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - E Fortier
- Department of Urology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - F Lannes
- Department of Urology, La Conception University Hospital, Assistance-Publique Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - C Michiels
- Department of Urology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - T Grevez
- Department of Urology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - N Szabla
- Department of Urology and Transplantation, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - F Bardet
- Department of Urology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - K Kaulanjan
- Department of Urology, Pointe à Pitre University Hospital, Guadeloupe, France
| | - B Pradère
- Department of Urology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - J-Y Deschamps
- Emergency and Critical Care Unit, ONIRIS, School of Veterinary Medecine, La Chantrerie, Nantes, France
| | - J Branchereau
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France; Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Prudhomme T, Matillon X, Seizilles de Mazancourt E, Pinar U, Gondran-Tellier B, Vallée M, Dominique I, Felber M, Khene Z, Fortier E, Lannes F, Michiels C, Grevez T, Szabla N, Bardet F, Kaulanjan K, Pradère B, Deschamps J, Branchereau J. Simulation chirurgicale sur modèle vivant porcin : enquête auprès des urologues français en formation. Prog Urol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2020.07.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fortier E, Foster A, Ali A. P66 Exploring the experiences and health needs of young womxn living in Ontario, Canada: An action-oriented study dedicated to interpersonal reproductive coercion. Contraception 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lancien U, Delaveau A, Pouedras M, Fortier E, Bin K, Ghersallah S, Jeudy J, Saint-Cast Y, Fournier HD. Vein conduits used to enhance arterial microsurgical end-to-end suture repair: A randomized comparative study. Hand Surg Rehabil 2020; 39:437-441. [PMID: 32387690 DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wrapping microsurgical sutures with a vein conduit is a well-described procedure for microsurgical nerve repair. While this has rarely been described in the context of vascular repair, this technique could increase the permeability of the sutured vessels. As part of a University Diploma in Microsurgery, 9 junior surgeons performed a comparative study of 18 microsurgical repairs on rats with and without vein sleeve. The vessels used were an external jugular vein sleeve on the end-to-end anastomosis of the common carotid artery and comparing it to this same anastomosis without a sleeve. The data analyzed were rat weight, suture time with carotid clamping time, number of stitches used, complications as well as vascular leakage and permeability of the repair at 0 and 5minutes evaluated with a patency test. The average rat body weight was 255g. Mean suture time was 52minutes in group A (sleeved repairs) and 41minutes in group B (standard repairs). The number of stitches placed was 5.1 points on average in group A and 5.6 points in group B. The time to perform the repair and the number of stitches was not statistically different between groups. The patency test was positive in 100% of cases in group A and in 78% of cases in group B. There was a significant difference between the permeability rate of the repairs, with better results in group A (p=0.03). There were two anastomotic leaks after declamping in the sleeve group and five in the standard suture group, thus 2.5 times more leaks in the group without a sleeve (p<0.01). The addition of a vein sleeve around an end-to-end arterial suture repair seems to improve its permeability and therefore its reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Lancien
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery, Burns Centre, University Hospital Nantes, 1, place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - A Delaveau
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology surgery, University Hospital Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - M Pouedras
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology surgery, University Hospital Nantes, 1, place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - E Fortier
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49100 Angers, France
| | - K Bin
- Department of Orthopedic pediatric surgery, Angers University Hospital, 4, rue Larrey, 49100 Angers, France
| | - S Ghersallah
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Le Mans, 194, avenue Rubillard, 72037 Le Mans, France
| | - J Jeudy
- Centre de la Main - Angers assistance-main, 47, rue de la Foucaudière, 49000 Trélazé, France
| | - Y Saint-Cast
- Centre de la Main - Angers assistance-main, 47, rue de la Foucaudière, 49000 Trélazé, France
| | - H D Fournier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Anatomy, rue Haute de Reculée, 49000 Angers, France
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Abdessater M, Rouprêt M, Misrai V, Matillon X, Gondran-Tellier B, Freton L, Vallée M, Dominique I, Felber M, Khene ZE, Fortier E, Lannes F, Michiels C, Grevez T, Szabla N, Boustany J, Bardet F, Kaulanjan K, Seizilles de Mazancourt E, Ploussard G, Pinar U, Pradere B. COVID19 pandemic impacts on anxiety of French urologist in training: Outcomes from a national survey. Prog Urol 2020; 30:448-455. [PMID: 32376208 PMCID: PMC7177119 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 outbreak in France is disturbing our health system. Urologists in training who are already known to have burnout, are in the front line to face this disease. The aim of our study was to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on young French urologists in training. MATERIAL AND METHODS A self-administered anonymous questionnaire evaluating the pandemic added stress, and its negative impact on work and training quality, was e-mailed to the members of the French Association of Urologists in Training (AFUF). The association includes all French junior and senior residents. The survey lasted 3 days. Multivariable analyses using logistic regression was performed to identify the predictive factors. RESULTS Two hundred and seventy-five (55.5%) of the 495 AFUF members responded to the questionnaire. More than 90% of responders felt more stressed by the pandemic. Fellows and senior residents were more likely to feel that the crisis had an important impact on their work quality (OR=1.76, IC95=[1.01-3.13]), even more when COVID 19 patients were present in their department (OR=2.31, IC95=[1.20-4.65]). Past medical history of respiratory disease (OR=2.57, IC95=[1.31-5.98]) and taking in charge COVID19 patients (OR=1.85, IC95=[0.98-3.59]) were additional risk factors. CONCLUSION COVID19 pandemic has a negative impact on young French urologists in training and on their work and training quality. Managing their psychosocial well-being during this time is as important as managing their physical health. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdessater
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n(o) 5, Predictive onco-urology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Urology, 75013 Paris, France
| | - M Rouprêt
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n(o) 5, Predictive onco-urology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Urology, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - V Misrai
- Clinique Pasteur, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - X Matillon
- Department of Urology and Transplantation, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - B Gondran-Tellier
- Department of Urology, La Conception University Hospital, Assistance-Publique Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - L Freton
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - M Vallée
- Department of Urology, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - I Dominique
- Department of Urology, Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses Croix Saint-Simon, Paris, France
| | - M Felber
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n(o) 5, Predictive onco-urology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Urology, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Z-E Khene
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - E Fortier
- Department of Urology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - F Lannes
- Department of Urology, La Conception University Hospital, Assistance-Publique Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - C Michiels
- Department of Urology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - T Grevez
- Department of Urology, CHRU Tours, Francois Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - N Szabla
- Department of Urology and Transplantation, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - J Boustany
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - F Bardet
- Department of Urology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - K Kaulanjan
- Department of Urology, CHU Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe
| | - E Seizilles de Mazancourt
- Department of Urology and Transplantation, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - G Ploussard
- Department of Urology, Ramsay Santé, Clinique La Croix du Sud, Quint Fonsegrives, France
| | - U Pinar
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n(o) 5, Predictive onco-urology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Urology, 75013 Paris, France
| | - B Pradere
- Department of Urology, CHRU Tours, Francois Rabelais University, Tours, France; Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Fortier E, Baize N, Culty T, Brassart E, Lebdai S, Grison P, Panayotopoulos P, Mougin J, Azzouzi A, Bigot P. Prise charge onco-urologique des cancers du rein métastatique dans un service d’urologie. Bilan d’activité à 2 ans. Prog Urol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Fortier E, Renard A, Nedelcu C, Paisant A, ulnier P, Le Bigot J, Azzouzi A, Aubé C, Bigot P. La tomodensitométrie permet-elle une évaluation fiable du stade t3a des tumeurs rénales avant la chirurgie ? Prog Urol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2018.07.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Hukku S, Gauthier-Beaupré A, Fortier E, Doci F, Veillet-Lemay G, Gure F, LaRoche K, Foster AM. Exploring young adults’ knowledge of and experiences with emergency contraception in Ontario, Canada: a mixed-methods study. Contraception 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2018.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Fortier E, Artenie A, Jutras-Aswad D, Roy É, Grebely J, Bruneau J. A165 SHORT INJECTION CESSATION EPISODES AS OPPORTUNITIES FOR HEPATITIS C PREVENTION. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Fortier
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - A Artenie
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - É Roy
- Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, QC, Canada
| | - J Grebely
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Bruneau
- CHUM Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
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14
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Pierrard V, Terrier JE, Lebdai S, Azzouzi A, Ruffion A, Fortier E, Kleinclauss F, Villers A. Prostatectomie radicale après thérapie photodynamique vasculaire ciblée TOOKAD soluble : faisabilité, résultats à court et long terme. Prog Urol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2017.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Alavi M, Micallef M, Fortier E, Dunlop AJ, Balcomb AC, Day CA, Treloar C, Bath N, Haber PS, Dore GJ, Grebely J. Effect of treatment willingness on specialist assessment and treatment uptake for hepatitis C virus infection among people who use drugs: the ETHOS study. J Viral Hepat 2015; 22:914-25. [PMID: 25996567 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among people who inject drugs (PWID) with chronic HCV, the association between HCV treatment willingness and intent, and HCV specialist assessment and treatment were evaluated. The Enhancing Treatment for Hepatitis C in Opioid Substitution Settings (ETHOS) is a prospective observational cohort. Recruitment was through six opioid substitution treatment clinics, two community health centres and one Aboriginal community controlled health organisation in Australia. Analyses were performed using logistic regression. Among 415 participants (mean age 41 years, 71% male), 67% were 'definitely willing' to receive HCV treatment and 70% reported plans to initiate therapy 12 months postenrolment. Those definitely willing to receive HCV treatment were more likely to undergo specialist assessment (64% vs 32%, P < 0.001) and initiate therapy (36% vs 9%, P < 0.001), compared to those with lower treatment willingness. Those with early HCV treatment plans were more likely to undergo specialist assessment (65% vs 27%, P < 0.001) and initiate therapy (36% vs 5%, P < 0.001), compared to those without early plans. In adjusted analyses, HCV treatment willingness independently predicted specialist assessment (aOR 3.06, 95% CI 1.90, 4.94) and treatment uptake (aOR 4.33, 95% CI 2.14, 8.76). In adjusted analysis, having early HCV treatment plans independently predicted specialist assessment (aOR 4.38, 95% CI 2.63, 7.29) and treatment uptake (aOR 9.79, 95% CI 3.70, 25.93). HCV treatment willingness was high and predicted specialist assessment and treatment. Strategies for enhanced HCV care should be developed with an initial focus on people willing to receive treatment and to increase treatment willingness among those less willing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alavi
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Micallef
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - E Fortier
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - A J Dunlop
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Drug and Alcohol Clinical Services, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - A C Balcomb
- Clinic 96, Kite St Community Health Centre, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - C A Day
- Drug Health Service, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C Treloar
- Centre for Social Research in Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - N Bath
- NSW Users & AIDS Association, Inc., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P S Haber
- Drug Health Service, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G J Dore
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Grebely
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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16
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Nasrin N, Wu X, Fortier E, Feng Y, Bare' OC, Chen S, Ren X, Wu Z, Streeper RS, Bordone L. SIRT4 regulates fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial gene expression in liver and muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:31995-2002. [PMID: 20685656 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.124164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT4, a member of the sirtuin family, has been implicated in the regulation of insulin secretion by modulation of glutamate dehydrogenase. However, the role of this enzyme in the regulation of metabolism in other tissues is unknown. In this study we investigated whether depletion of SIRT4 would enhance liver and muscle metabolic functions. To do this SIRT4 was knocked down using an adenoviral shRNA in mouse primary hepatocytes and myotubes. We observed a significant increase in gene expression of mitochondrial and fatty acid metabolism enzymes in hepatocytes with reduced SIRT4 levels. SIRT4 knockdown also increased SIRT1 mRNA and protein levels both in vitro and in vivo. In agreement with the increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) gene expression, we showed a significant increase in FAO in SIRT4 knockdown primary hepatocytes compared with control, and this effect was dependent on SIRT1. In primary myotubes, knockdown of SIRT4 resulted in increased FAO, cellular respiration, and pAMPK levels. When SIRT4 was knocked down in vivo by tail vein injection of a shRNA adenovirus, we observed a significant increase in hepatic mitochondrial and FAO gene expression consistent with the findings in primary hepatocytes. Taken together these findings demonstrate that SIRT4 inhibition increases fat oxidative capacity in liver and mitochondrial function in muscle, which might provide therapeutic benefits for diseases associated with ectopic lipid storage such as type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Nasrin
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Fortier E, Desjardins Y, Tremblay N, Bélec C, Côté M. INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON BROCCOLI POLYPHENOLICS CONCENTRATION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2010.856.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Nasrin N, Kaushik VK, Fortier E, Wall D, Pearson KJ, de Cabo R, Bordone L. JNK1 phosphorylates SIRT1 and promotes its enzymatic activity. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8414. [PMID: 20027304 PMCID: PMC2793009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is a NAD-dependent deacetylase that regulates a variety of pathways including the stress protection pathway. SIRT1 deacetylates a number of protein substrates, including histones, FOXOs, PGC-1α, and p53, leading to cellular protection. We identified a functional interaction between cJUN N-terminal kinase (JNK1) and SIRT1 by coimmunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins. The interaction between JNK1 and SIRT1 was identified under conditions of oxidative stress and required activation of JNK1 via phosphorylation. Modulation of SIRT1 activity or protein levels using nicotinamide or RNAi did not modify JNK1 activity as measured by its ability to phosphorylate cJUN. In contrast, human SIRT1 was phosphorylated by JNK1 on three sites: Ser27, Ser47, and Thr530 and this phosphorylation of SIRT1 increased its nuclear localization and enzymatic activity. Surprisingly, JNK1 phosphorylation of SIRT1 showed substrate specificity resulting in deacetylation of histone H3, but not p53. These findings identify a mechanism for regulation of SIRT1 enzymatic activity in response to oxidative stress and shed new light on its role in the stress protection pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Nasrin
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Virendar K. Kaushik
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric Fortier
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel Wall
- Analytical Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. Pearson
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Laura Bordone
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Chockalingam PS, Varadarajan U, Sheldon R, Fortier E, LaVallie ER, Morris EA, Yaworsky PJ, Majumdar MK. Involvement of protein kinase Czeta in interleukin-1beta induction of ADAMTS-4 and type 2 nitric oxide synthase via NF-kappaB signaling in primary human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 56:4074-83. [PMID: 18050214 DOI: 10.1002/art.23043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta), an atypical PKC, has been found to be transcriptionally up-regulated in human osteoarthritic (OA) articular cartilage. This study was undertaken to examine the role of PKCzeta in interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-induced NF-kappaB signaling in human OA chondrocytes, and ultimately to better understand its function in the regulation of downstream mediators of cartilage matrix degradation. METHODS Pharmacologic inhibitors or genetic knockdown techniques were used to investigate the role of PKCzeta. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate phosphorylation of PKCzeta and NF-kappaB. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and activity assays were used to evaluate ADAMTS-4 expression and aggrecanase activity, respectively. Quantitative PCR, biochemical identification, and Western blot analysis were used to evaluate type 2 nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) and NO production. RESULTS Phosphorylation of PKCzeta and NF-kappaB was induced by IL-1beta treatment in a time-dependent manner, and was specifically inhibited by inhibitors of atypical PKCs. Inhibition of PKCzeta suppressed IL-1beta-induced up-regulation of ADAMTS-4 messenger RNA (mRNA) and aggrecanase activity. Inhibitors of atypical PKCs also inhibited IL-1beta-induced NO production and NOS2 mRNA expression, demonstrating a novel link between PKCzeta and NO production. Furthermore, small interfering RNA- or short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of PKCzeta mRNA resulted in significant repression of both ADAMTS-4 and NOS2 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Our results show that PKCzeta is involved in the regulation of IL-1beta-induced NF-kappaB signaling in human OA chondrocytes, which in turn regulates downstream expression of ADAMTS-4 and NOS2. Therefore, inhibition of PKCzeta could potentially regulate the production of matrix-degrading enzymes as well as NO production and have a profound effect on disease progression in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya S Chockalingam
- Department of Women's Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, Wyeth Research, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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20
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Marchand G, Fortier E, Neveu B, Bolduc S, Belzile F, Bélanger RR. Alternative methods for genetic transformation of Pseudozyma antarctica, a basidiomycetous yeast-like fungus. J Microbiol Methods 2007; 70:519-27. [PMID: 17669528 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation and Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) were adapted and optimized for genetic transformation of the basidiomycetous yeast-like fungus Pseudozyma antarctica as alternatives to the cumbersome PEG/CaCl(2)-mediated transformation of protoplasts. Electroporation yielded 100-200 transformants per mug of DNA per 10(8) cells after 3 days on selective medium. For its part, ATMT yielded 60-160 transformants per 10(6) input cfu after 5-10 days on a selective medium. Transformants obtained from both methods showed stable hygromycin resistance and strong expression of green fluorescent protein. Analysis of integration events revealed a limited number of predominantly tandem insertions in the genome of transformants, an improvement over PEG/CaCl(2)-mediated transformation. Both protocols relied on intact conidia of P. antarctica as starting material and thus eliminated the need for cell wall-degrading or weakening agents such as lytic enzymes or chemicals. Other advantages over protoplast transformation included higher yield of transformants and shorter recovery time of transformed colonies on selective medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Marchand
- Département de Phytologie, Centre de Recherche en Horticulture, Pavillon de l'Envirotron, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
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21
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Bhat BM, Allen KM, Liu W, Graham J, Morales A, Anisowicz A, Lam HS, McCauley C, Coleburn V, Cain M, Fortier E, Bhat RA, Bex FJ, Yaworsky PJ. Structure-based mutation analysis shows the importance of LRP5 beta-propeller 1 in modulating Dkk1-mediated inhibition of Wnt signaling. Gene 2007; 391:103-12. [PMID: 17276019 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2006.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Revised: 11/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A single point mutation (G to T) in the low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5 (LRP5) gene results in a glycine to valine amino acid change (G171V) and is responsible for an autosomal dominant high bone mass trait (HBM) in two independent kindreds. LRP5 acts as a co-receptor to Wnts with Frizzled family members and transduces Wnt-canonical signals which can be antagonized by LRP5 ligand, Dickkopf 1 (Dkk1). In the presence of Wnt1, LRP5 or the HBM variant (LRP5-G171V) induces beta-catenin nuclear translocation and activates T cell factor (TCF)-luciferase reporter activity. HBM variant suppresses Dkk1 function and this results in reduced inhibition of TCF activity as compared to that with LRP5. Structural analysis of LRP5 revealed that the HBM mutation lies in the 4th blade of the first beta-propeller domain. To elucidate the functional significance and consequence of the LRP5-G171V mutation in vitro, we took a structure-based approach to design 15 specific LRP5 point mutations. These included (a) substitutions at the G171 in blade 4, (b) mutations in blades 2-6 of beta-propeller 1, and (c) mutations in beta-propellers 2, 3 and 4. Here we show that substitutions of glycine at 171 to K, F, I and Q also resulted in HBM-like activity in the presence of Wnt1 and Dkk1. This indicates the importance of the G171 site rather than the effect of specific amino acid modification to LRP5 receptor function. Interestingly, G171 equivalent residue mutations in other blades of beta-propeller 1 (A65V, S127V, L200V, A214V and M282V) resulted in LRP5-G171V-like block of Dkk1 function. However G171V type mutations in other beta-propellers of LRP5 did not result in resistance to Dkk1 function. These results indicate the importance of LRP5 beta-propeller 1 for Dkk1 function and Wnt signaling. These data and additional comparative structural analysis of the LRP5 family member LDLR suggest a potential functional role of the first beta-propeller domain through intramolecular interaction with other domains of LRP5 wherein Dkk1 can bind. Such studies may also lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the reduced function of Dkk1-like inhibitory ligands of LRP5 with HBM-like mutations and its relationship to increased bone density phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bheem M Bhat
- Women's Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Belote
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is an intriguing phenomenon that has been observed in a variety of organisms, including Drosophila melanogaster. Although PTGS in Drosophila is typically observed following direct injection of the dsRNA into embryos, it is theoretically possible that the in vivo transcription of an inverted repeat transgene might also produce a dsRNA "hairpin" that is capable of triggering PTGS. Here we test this idea, and show that an expressed inverted repeat of a portion of the sex differentiation gene, transformer-2, (tra-2), driven by a GAL4-dependent promoter, does genetically repress the endogenous wild-type tra-2 function, producing a dominant loss-of-function mutant phenotype. Remarkably, this effect is temperature-sensitive, with phenotypic consequences seen at 29 degrees, but not at 22 degrees. Moreover, by altering the dosage of either the transgenes or the endogenous tra2(+) loci, one can vary the effect over a wide range of mutant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fortier
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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