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Bettac EL, Probst TM. National work-family policies: Multilevel effects on employee reactions to work/family conflict. Work 2022; 74:919-944. [PMID: 36442174 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite considerable differences in national work-family (WF) policies offered in countries around the world, research concerning the implications of such policies for employee reactions to work-family and family-work conflict (WFC/FWC) is limited. OBJECTIVE: The current study examines the contextual role of country-level national WF policies as a moderator of the relationships between individual-level WFC/FWC and job stress, job satisfaction, turnover intentions, organizational commitment, and general health. METHODS: Using archival data sources, the ISSP Work Orientations Survey (2015) and the WORLD Policy Analysis Center Adults Labor Database (2014), multilevel analyses tested the predicted cross-level interaction effect in a sample of 49,637 individuals (54% female; M age = 48 years) nested across 36 countries. RESULTS: Results were largely counter to expectations: while more supportive national WF policies attenuated the positive relationship between FWC and job stress, it exacerbated the negative relationships between WFC and organizational commitment, WFC and job stress, and FWC and general health. CONCLUSIONS: Our study responds to calls to consider phenomena functioning at multiple levels of analysis. While reactions were more negative in countries with more robust national-level policies, it suggests an unexpected dark side of such policies. That is, it may not be enough to legislate the availability of national-level policies; it may also be needed to ensure that such policies are meeting employees’ needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L. Bettac
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Tahira M. Probst
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA
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Jiang L, Bettac EL, Lee HJ, Probst TM. In Whom Do We Trust? A Multifoci Person-Centered Perspective on Institutional Trust during COVID-19. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19031815. [PMID: 35162843 PMCID: PMC8835053 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Institutional trust plays a crucial role when a nation is facing mega crises (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic) and has implications for employee work experiences and well-being. To date, researchers largely consider how institutional trust or trust in government may predict variables of interest in isolation. However, this variable-centered perspective ignores the possibility that there are subpopulations of employees who may differ in their trust in different institutions (i.e., the state government, the federal government). To address this, we examined institutional trust with two foci (i.e., trust in state government and trust in federal government) from a person-centered perspective. Using latent profile analysis and data from 492 U.S.-based employees, we identified five trust profiles: high trustors, federal trustors, state trustors, the ambivalent, and distrusters, and found that these profiles differentially predicted attitudes towards and behavioral compliance with CDC recommended COVID-19 prevention practices, job insecurity, affective commitment, helping behavior, and psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Jiang
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
| | - Erica L. Bettac
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA; (E.L.B.); (H.J.L.); (T.M.P.)
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA; (E.L.B.); (H.J.L.); (T.M.P.)
| | - Tahira M. Probst
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA; (E.L.B.); (H.J.L.); (T.M.P.)
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Choi MJ, Yang JW, Lee S, Kim JY, Oh JW, Lee J, Stubbs B, Lee KH, Koyanagi A, Hong SH, Ghayda RA, Hwang J, Dragioti E, Jacob L, Carvalho AF, Radua J, Thompson T, Smith L, Fornaro M, Stickley A, Bettac EL, Han YJ, Kronbichler A, Yon DK, Lee SW, Shin JI, Lee E, Solmi M. Suicide associated with COVID-19 infection: an immunological point of view. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:6397-6407. [PMID: 34730221 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202110_27013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic and leading cause of death. Beyond the deaths directly caused by the virus and the suicides related to the psychological response to the dramatic changes as socioeconomic related to the pandemic, there might also be suicides related to the inflammatory responses of the infection. Infection induces inflammation as a cytokine storm, and there is an increasing number of studies that report a relationship between infection and suicide. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched the World Health Organization status report and the PubMed database for keywords (COVID-19, suicide, infection, inflammation, cytokines), and reviewed five cytokine pathways between suicide and inflammation using two meta-analyses and two observational studies starting from November 31, 2020, focusing on the relationship between suicide and inflammation by infection. First, we discussed existing evidence explaining the relationship between suicidal behaviors and inflammation. Second, we summarized the inflammatory features found in COVID-19 patients. Finally, we highlight the potential for these factors to affect the risk of suicide in COVID-19 patients. RESULTS Patients infected with COVID-19 have high amounts of IL-1β, IFN-γ, IP10, and MCP1, which may lead to Th1 cell response activation. Also, Th2 cytokines (e.g., IL-4 and IL-10) were increased in COVID-19 infection. In COVID-19 patients, neurological conditions, like headache, dizziness, ataxia, seizures, and others have been observed. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 pandemic can serve as a significant environmental factor contributing directly to increased suicide risk; the role of inflammation by an infection should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Choi
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Smith L, Bloska J, Jacob L, Barnett Y, Butler L, Trott M, Odell-Miller H, Veronese N, Kostev K, Bettac EL, Godier-McBard L, Koyanagi A. Is loneliness associated with mild cognitive impairment in low- and middle-income countries? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:1345-1353. [PMID: 33606886 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness may be a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment but studies on this topic are scarce, particularly from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between loneliness and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa). METHODS Cross-sectional, community-based, nationally representative data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Ageing-Alzheimer's Association criteria. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and meta-analysis were conducted to assess associations. RESULTS The final analytical sample consisted of 19,092 and 13,623 individuals aged 50-64 years (middle-aged adults) and ≥65 years (older adults), respectively. Among the middle-aged, overall, loneliness was associated with a non-significant 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93-2.21) times higher odds for MCI although significant associations were observed in China (OR = 1.51; 95%CI = 1.08-2.09) and South Africa (OR = 3.87; 95%CI = 1.72-8.71). As for older adults, overall, there was a significant association between loneliness and MCI (OR = 1.52; 95%CI = 1.12-2.07). CONCLUSION In this large representative sample of middle-aged and older adults from multiple LMICs, findings suggest that loneliness is associated with MCI. It may be prudent to consider reducing loneliness in low-economic settings to aid in the prevention of MCI and ultimately dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jodie Bloska
- Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France
| | | | - Laurie Butler
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mike Trott
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Odell-Miller
- Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Geriatric Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Karel Kostev
- Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Erica L Bettac
- Department of Psychology, Washnington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, Washington, USA
| | - Lauren Godier-McBard
- Veterans and Families Institute for Military Social Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the role of workplace coronavirus disease (COVID-19) climate in shaping employee attitudes toward the CDC prevention guidelines and subsequent levels of work and non-work sickness presenteeism. METHODS Three waves of anonymous survey data were collected in October and December 2020 and February 2021. Participants were 304 employed adults in the U.S., of whom half were working onsite. RESULTS Time 1 workplace COVID-19 climate was positively associated with Time 2 employee attitudes toward the CDC prevention guidelines, which in turn predicted Time 3 levels of non-work and work sickness presenteeism. CONCLUSIONS The workplace can shape employee attitudes toward the CDC COVID-19 prevention guidelines and their work and non-work sickness presenteeism, thus highlighting the important role companies have in reducing community spread of the novel coronavirus in work and non-work settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira M Probst
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington (Dr Probst, Ms Lee, Mr Bazzoli, Ms Jenkins, and Ms Bettac)
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Gauckler P, Bettac EL, Nairz M, Duftner C, Luger AK, Stein M, Wanner D, Böckle BC, Tiefenthaler M, Schratzberger P, Neuwirt H, Harasser L, Mayer G, Kronbichler A. What comes after the lockdown? Clustering of ANCA-associated vasculitis: single-centre observation of a spatiotemporal pattern. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:669-671. [PMID: 33262111 PMCID: PMC8053319 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gauckler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV Nephrology and Hypertension, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erica L Bettac
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, Washington, USA
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Duftner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna K Luger
- Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Stein
- Department of Pneumology, Public Hochzirl-Natters Hospital, Natters, Austria
| | - David Wanner
- Department of Pneumology, Public Hochzirl-Natters Hospital, Natters, Austria
| | - Barbara C Böckle
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Tiefenthaler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV Nephrology and Hypertension, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Schratzberger
- Department of Internal Medicine IV Nephrology and Hypertension, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hannes Neuwirt
- Department of Internal Medicine IV Nephrology and Hypertension, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Harasser
- Department of Internal Medicine IV Nephrology and Hypertension, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gert Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV Nephrology and Hypertension, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV Nephrology and Hypertension, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is ongoing debate concerning the classification of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. That is, whether classification should be based on the serotype (proteinase 3 (PR3)- or myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA) or on the clinical phenotype (granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)). To add clarity, this review focused on integration of the most recent literature. RECENT FINDINGS Large clinical trials have provided evidence that a serology-based risk assessment for relapses is more predictive than distinction based on the phenotype. Research conducted in the past decade indicated that a serology-based approach more closely resembles the genetic associations, the clinical presentation (i.e., lung involvement), biomarker biology, treatment response, and is also predicting comorbidities (such as cardiovascular death). Our review highlights that a serology-based approach could replace a phenotype-based approach to classify ANCA-associated vasculitides. In future, clinical trials and observational studies will presumably focus on this distinction and, as such, translate into a "personalized medicine."
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Windpessl
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Section of Nephrology, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Grieskirchnerstrasse 42, 4600, Wels, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Erica L Bettac
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Avenue, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Philipp Gauckler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Duvuru Geetha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Gauckler P, Bettac EL, Kronbichler A. Response to: 'Correspondence on 'What comes after the lockdown? Clustering of ANCA-associated vasculitis: single-centre observation of a spatiotemporal pattern'' by Hocevar et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 82:e147. [PMID: 33789872 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gauckler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erica L Bettac
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University - Vancouver, Vancouver, Washington, USA
| | - Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Kronbichler A, Bettac EL. Kidney disease in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: expect the unexpected. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:1-2. [PMID: 33147610 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erica L Bettac
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA
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