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Shadab A, Abbasi-Kolli M, Yazdanpanah E, Esmaeili SA, Baharlou R, Yousefi B, Haghmorad D. Exploring the immune-modulating properties of boswellic acid in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. APMIS 2024; 132:452-464. [PMID: 38563150 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition where the central nervous system loses its myelin coating due to autoimmune inflammation. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) simulates some aspects of human MS. Boswellic acids are natural compounds derived from frankincense extract, known for their anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this research was to investigate therapeutic potential of boswellic acids. Mice were divided into three groups: low-dose (LD), high-dose (HD), and control groups (CTRL). Following EAE induction, the mice received daily doses of boswellic acid for 25 days. Brain tissue damage, clinical symptoms, and levels of TGF-β, IFN-γ, and IL-17 cytokines in cell cultured supernatant of lymphocytes were assessed. Gene expression of transcription factors in brain was measured using real-time PCR. The levels of brain demyelination were significantly lower in the treatment groups compared to the CTRL group. Boswellic acid reduced the severity and duration of EAE symptoms. Furthermore, boswellic acid decreased the amounts of IFN-γ and IL-17, also the expression of T-bet and ROR-γt in brain. On the contrary, it increased the levels of TGF-β and the expression FoxP3 and GATA3. Our findings suggest that boswellic acids possess therapeutic potential for EAE by modulating the immune response and reducing inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Triterpenes/pharmacology
- Triterpenes/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Female
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/pathology
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Immunomodulating Agents/pharmacology
- Immunomodulating Agents/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shadab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Deputy of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, and Department of Immunology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, and Department of Immunology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rasoul Baharlou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Yazdanpanah E, Dadfar S, Shadab A, Orooji N, Nemati M, Pazoki A, Esmaeili SA, Baharlou R, Haghmorad D. Berberine: A natural modulator of immune cells in multiple sclerosis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1213. [PMID: 38477663 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Berberine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid found in such plants as Berberis vulgaris, Berberis aristata, and others, revealing a variety of pharmacological properties as a result of interacting with different cellular and molecular targets. Recent studies have shown the immunomodulatory effects of Berberine which result from its impacts on immune cells and immune response mediators such as diverse T lymphocyte subsets, dendritic cells (DCs), and different inflammatory cytokines. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disabling and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by the recruitment of autoreactive T cells into the CNS causing demyelination, axonal damage, and oligodendrocyte loss. There have been considerable changes discovered in MS regards to the function and frequency of T cell subsets such as Th1 cells, Th17 cells, Th2 cells, Treg cells, and DCs. In the current research, we reviewed the outcomes of in vitro, experimental, and clinical investigations concerning the modulatory effects that Berberine provides on the function and numbers of T cell subsets and DCs, as well as important cytokines that are involved in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepehr Dadfar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Alireza Shadab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Niloufar Orooji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - MohammadHossein Nemati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Alireza Pazoki
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Rasoul Baharlou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Kazemi R, Yazdanpanah E, Esmaeili SA, Yousefi B, Baharlou R, Haghmorad D. Thymoquinone improves experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by regulating both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:256. [PMID: 38302802 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune condition marked by inflammation and the loss of myelin in the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this research was to understand how Thymoquinone regulate the molecular and cellular processes involved in controlling experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is an animal model often used to study MS. Methods Female C57BL/6 mice were split into different groups receiving different doses (low, medium, and high) of Thymoquinone simultaneously with EAE induction. Clinical scores and other measurements were observed daily throughout the 25-day post immunization. We assessed lymphocyte infiltration and demyelination in the spinal cord through histological staining, analyzed T-cell profiles using ELISA, and quantified the expression levels of transcription factors in the CNS using Real-time PCR. Results Thymoquinone prevented the development of EAE. Histological experiments revealed only a small degree of leukocyte infiltration into the CNS. Thymoquinone resulted in a notable reduction in the generation of IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-6, while simultaneously increasing the production of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β in Th2 and Treg cells. Results from Real-time PCR suggested Treatment with Thymoquinone decreased the expression of T-bet and ROR-γt while increasing the expression of Foxp3 and GATA3. Conclusion These findings showed that Thymoquinone could decrease both disease incidence and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Baharlou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Amiri Z, Jalili S, Tarahomi M, Eslami M, Yazdanpanah E, Baharlou R, Esmaeili SA, Yousefi B, Haghmorad D. Curcumin's spice-infused therapeutic promise: disease severity alleviation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis via modulation of immune responses. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8843-8853. [PMID: 37660318 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) disorder indicated by demyelination, chronic inflammation, and neuronal destruction. Regional demyelination, inflammation responses, scar development, and various axonal damage are pathological characteristics of MS. Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol extracted from the rhizome of the turmeric plant. In addition to anti-inflammatory effects, beneficial therapeutic effects such as antioxidant, anti-cancer and nerve protection have also been seen from this compound. The purpose of the current investigation was to provide light on the potential benefits of Curcumin in treating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS. METHODS AND RESULTS in Female C57BL/6 mice were used to induce EAE through myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein (MOG). Curcumin doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg were administered orally in the treatment groups starting on the first day of EAE induction. Brains and splenocytes were extracted from euthanized animals on day 25 following EAE induction. Demyelination and leukocyte infiltration, proliferation, cytokine, and gene expression profiles were assessed. Our findings demonstrate that both low and high doses of Curcumin decreased the progression of EAE. Histological analyses revealed low infiltration of leukocytes into the CNS. Curcumin therapy enhanced Th2 and Treg cell secretion of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β although considerably decreasing IFN-γ and TNF-α. Curcumin-induced Th2 and Treg cell cytokine production and transcription factor gene expression (IL-13, GATA3, STAT6 and IL-35, CTLA4, Foxp3) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-27, IL-33). CONCLUSION Overall, these findings provide additional evidence that Curcumin can slow disease development and alleviate symptoms in EAE through stimulating Treg and Th2 cell polarization. They support Curcumin's potential therapeutic role in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Amiri
- Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Shahla Jalili
- Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Tarahomi
- Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Eslami
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rasoul Baharlou
- Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Tavaf MJ, Soltanmohammadi A, Zargarani S, Yazdanpanah E, Sadighimoghaddam B, Yousefi B, Sameni HR, Haghmorad D. Berberine promotes immunological outcomes and decreases neuroinflammation in the experimental model of multiple sclerosis through the expansion of Treg and Th2 cells. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e766. [PMID: 36705421 PMCID: PMC9837936 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among the most frequent demyelinating autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) is multiple sclerosis. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is used as an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Berberine is an alkaloid found in some medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory effects. METHODS C57BL/6 female mice were used and divided into three groups: (1) The control group received PBS, (2) the low-dose treatment group received 10 mg/kg of berberine, and (3) The high-dose treatment group received 30 mg/kg of berberine. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein and complete Freund's adjuvant were subcutaneously administered to induce EAE. Mice were given intraperitoneal injections of pertussis toxin on the day of immunization and 2 days later. Histological studies showed low lymphocyte infiltration and demyelination of CNS in the treated groups. RESULTS The clinical scores of the treatment group with low-dose berberine (T1: 2 ± 0.13) and high-dose berberine (T2: 1.5 ± 0.14) were significantly (p < .001) lower than the control group (CTRL: 4.5 ± 0.13). Treatment groups decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, interleukin [IL]-17) (p < .001) as well as increased anti-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-4, IL-10, IL-27, IL-33, IL-35, TGF-β) (p < .01) when compared to the CTRL group. Treatment groups with berberine reduced expression of the Th1 and Th17 cytokines and transcription factors (p < .001) and increased expression of transcription factors and Th2 and Treg cytokines (p < .01) in contrast to CTRL group. CONCLUSION Berberine appears to have a protective effect on disease development and alleviating disease status in EAE, which appears to be due to the cell expansion and function of Treg and Th2 cells in addition to berberine's anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam J. Tavaf
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineSemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
| | - Azita Soltanmohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineSemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
| | - Simin Zargarani
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineSemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Immunology Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineSemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
| | - Hamid R. Sameni
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cellular Sciences, School of MedicineSemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
| | - Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineSemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran,Cancer Research CenterSemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
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Haghmorad D, Soltanmohammadi A, Jadid Tavaf M, Zargarani S, Yazdanpanah E, Shadab A, Yousefi B. The protective role of interaction between vitamin D, sex hormones and calcium in multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 2022:1-19. [PMID: 36369838 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2147431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder that causes disability and paralysis, especially among young adults. Although interactions of several factors, such as viral infections, autoimmunity, genetic and environmental factors, performance a role in the beginning and progression of the disease, the exact cause of MS is unknown to date. Different immune cells such as Th1 and Th17 play an impressive role in the immunopathogenesis of MS, while, regulatory cells such as Th2 and Treg diminish the severity of the illness. Sex hormones have a vital role in many autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis. Testosterone, estrogen and progesterone have various roles in the progress of MS, which higher prevalence of disease in women and more severe in men reveals the importance of sex hormones' role in this disease. Vitamin D after chemical changes in the body, as an active hormone called calcitriol, plays an important role in regulating immune responses and improves MS by modulating the immune system. The optimum level of calcium in the body with vitamin D modulates immune responses and calcium as an essential ion in the body plays a key role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The interaction between vitamin D and sex hormones has protective and therapeutic effects against MS and functional synergy between estrogen and calcitriol occurs in disease recovery. Moreover, vitamin D and calcium interact with each other to regulate the immune system and shift them to anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Haghmorad
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Azita Soltanmohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam Jadid Tavaf
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Simin Zargarani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Allergy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Shadab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Soltanmohammadi A, Tavaf MJ, Zargarani S, Yazdanpanah E, Sadighi‑Moghaddam B, Yousefi B, Sameni HR, Haghmorad D. Daphnetin alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by suppressing Th1 and Th17 cells and upregulating Th2 and regulatory T cells. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2022; 82:273-283. [DOI: 10.55782/ane-2022-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most typical chronic inflammatory, autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) which leads to physical dysfunction and paralysis in patients. A commonly used animal model for this disease is experimental
autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Daphnetin (7,8‑dihydroxycoumarin) has been reported to exert various pharmacological
activities, such as being neuroprotective and anti‑inflammatory, together with having antioxidant, anticancer, and antiviral properties.
Eight‑week‑old C57BL/6 female mice were segregated into 3 groups, namely 1) a control group receiving PBS, 2) a low‑dose treatment
group receiving 2 mg/kg of daphnetin, and, 3) a high‑dose treatment group receiving 8 mg/kg of daphnetin. EAE was induced with
a subcutaneous injection of a combination of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and complete Freund’s adjuvant. On the
day of induction, and again two days later, mice were injected intraperitoneally with pertussis toxin. Histological studies showed low
lymphocyte infiltration and demyelination in the high and low dose treated groups. The ratio of spleen Treg cells and the levels of
IL‑4, IL‑10, TGF‑β, and IL‑33 enhanced significantly in the treatment group related to the control group. Furthermore, both IL‑27 and
IL‑35 were also enhanced significantly in the treatment group compared to the control group. Moreover, the levels of IFN‑γ, TNF‑α,
and IL‑17 displayed a noticeable reduction in the daphnetin treated group. Daphnetin appears to improve the disease by increasing
the expression of anti‑inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors (IL‑4, IL‑10, IL‑33, GATA3, TGF‑β, FoxP3), and reducing the
production of pro‑inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors (IFN‑γ, STAT4, T‑bet, IL‑17, STAT3, ROR‑γt, TNF‑α).
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Shakerian L, Kolahdooz H, Garousi M, Keyvani V, Kamal Kheder R, Abdulsattar Faraj T, Yazdanpanah E, Esmaeili SA. IL-33/ST2 axis in autoimmune disease. Cytokine 2022; 158:156015. [PMID: 36041312 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 family and plays an ambivalent role in autoimmune diseases. IL-33 signals via the ST2 receptor and drives cytokine production in mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, NK cells, and T lymphocyte cells. The vital role of IL-33 as an active component gives rise to aberrant local and systemic damage which has been demonstrated in numerous inflammatory disorders and immune-mediated pathological conditions including multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, Sjogren's syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), etc. IL-33/ST2 axis can up-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokine release in autoimmune disease, however, in some metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus type 1 IL-33 can be considered an anti-inflammatory cytokine. The purpose of this review is to discuss selected studies on IL-33/ST2 axis in autoimmune diseases and its potential role as a pathogenic or protective cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Shakerian
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Kolahdooz
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Garousi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Vahideh Keyvani
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ramiar Kamal Kheder
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania 46012, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Tola Abdulsattar Faraj
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Haghmorad D, Yazdanpanah E, Sadighimoghaddam B, Yousefi B, Sahafi P, Ghorbani N, Rashidy-Pour A, Kokhaei P. Kombucha ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through activation of Treg and Th2 cells. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 121:1685-1692. [PMID: 32812134 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-020-01475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). Kombucha is produced by the fermentation of sugared tea with a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts. This research was designed to reveal the therapeutic impact and the molecular and cellular processes determining the effect of kombucha on MS alleviation in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The EAE was induced using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) peptide emulsified in CFA and injected subcutaneously over two flank areas in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, pertussis toxin was injected intraperitoneally and repeated 48 h later. Treatment groups were received three different doses of kombucha (K1: low dose, K2: medium dose and K3: high dose) to obtain a maximum protection. Clinical scores and other criteria were followed daily for the 25 days. At the end of the course, T-helper-related cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-4, and TGF-β) were measured through ELISA. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO) concentration in spinal cord tissue was detected. The severity of disease on the peak of disease in K1, K2, and K3 groups were 3.4 ± 0.18 and 2.6 ± 0.18 and 2 ± 0.14 respectively, compared to the CTRL group with 4.5 ± 0.19 (p < 0.001). Kombucha increased production of interleukin IL-4 (K1 = 95 ± 5, K2 = 110 ± 10, K3 = 115 ± 5 and CTRL = 65 ± 5; p < 0.05) and TGF-β (K1 = 1750 ± 80, K2 = 2050 ± 65, K3 = 2200 ± 75 and CTRL = 850 ± 85; p < 0.001) but concurrently resulted in a remarkable reduction in the production of IFN-γ (K1 = 950 ± 70, K2 = 890 ± 65, K3 = 850 ± 85 and CTRL = 3850 ± 115; p < 0.001) and IL-17 (K1 = 1250 ± 75, K2 = 1050 ± 90, K3 = 970 ± 80 and CTRL = 6450 ± 125; p < 0.001). Moreover, NO concentration in spinal cord tissue in the treatment groups was significantly less than the control group (K1: 35.42 ± 2.1, K2 = 31.21 ± 2.2, K3 = 28.24 ± 2.6 and CTRL = 45.25 ± 2.7; p < 0.05). These results supported that kombucha could reduce the severity of disease in an EAE model through motivating polarization of CD4+ T cells by induction of IL-4 and TGF-β as well as inhibition of IFN-γ and IL-17.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/diet therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Female
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Kombucha Tea
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bizhan Sadighimoghaddam
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Pegah Sahafi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Narges Ghorbani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Radmanesh F, Mahmoudi M, Yazdanpanah E, Keyvani V, Kia N, Nikpoor AR, Zafari P, Esmaeili SA. The immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapy in human and animal models of systemic lupus erythematosus. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:2366-2381. [PMID: 33006813 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease with no absolute cure. Although the exact etiopathogenesis of SLE is still enigmatic, it has been well demonstrated that a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors trigger a disturbance in immune responses and thereby participate in the development of this condition. Almost all available therapeutic strategies in SLE are primarily based on the administration of immunosuppressive drugs and are not curative. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a subset of non-hematopoietic adult stem cells that can be isolated from many adult tissues and are increasingly recognized as immune response modulating agents. MSC-mediated inhibition of immune responses is a complex mechanism that involves almost every aspect of the immune response. MSCs suppress the maturation of antigen-presenting cells (DC and MQ), proliferation of T cells (Th1, T17, and Th2), proliferation and immunoglobulin production of B cells, the cytotoxic activity of CTL and NK cells in addition to increasing regulatory cytokines (TGF-β and IL10), and decreasing inflammatory cytokines (IL17, INF-ϒ, TNF-α, and IL12) levels. MSCs have shown encouraging results in the treatment of several autoimmune diseases, in particular SLE. This report aims to review the beneficial and therapeutic properties of MSCs; it also focuses on the results of animal model studies, preclinical studies, and clinical trials of MSC therapy in SLE from the immunoregulatory aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahideh Keyvani
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nadia Kia
- Skin Cancer Prevention Research Center, Torvergata University of Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Amin Reza Nikpoor
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Parisa Zafari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Haghmorad D, Yazdanpanah E, Jadid Tavaf M, Zargarani S, Soltanmohammadi A, Mahmoudi MB, Mahmoudi M. Prevention and treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced mice with 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3. Neurol Res 2019; 41:943-957. [PMID: 31402771 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1650218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) frequently starts in young adulthood. Demyelination, inflammatory and axonal damage in the CNS is the pathological hallmark of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Vitamin D3) is involved in calcium regulation, phosphorus homeostasis, and bone mineralization. In addition, vitamin D3 has potential inhibitory effects on immune cells in various inflammatory and autoimmunity disease. C57BL/6 female mice were divided into prevention groups (low, middle and high doses) and treatment groups (middle and high doses). Prevention groups received vitamin D3 2 weeks before EAE induction, and treatment groups were treated with vitamin D3 simultaneous with EAE induction. Vitamin D3 inhibits the development of EAE in a dose-dependent manner. Histological studies revealed reduced demyelination and limited infiltration into CNS, moreover vitamin D3 increased the production of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β, while a significant reduction in the production of IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17 was observed. Flow cytometry results for CD4+ T cell subsets in compliance with ELISA cytokine assay results showed a significant decrease in the percentage of Th1 and Th17, but also a significant increase in the percentage of Th2 and Treg for middle and high dose vitamin D3 treated mice. Real-time PCR results indicated that middle and high dose vitamin D3 treatment reduced T-bet and ROR-γt expression, but enhanced GATA3 and Foxp3 expression. Real-Time PCR results in CNS for T cell subsets related cytokines and transcription factors supported the results of flow cytometry and ELISA. This study indicated that middle and high doses of vitamin D3 deviate the balance between Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg to Th2 and Treg. Moreover, vitamin D3 could reduce the incidence and severity of EAE clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan , Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan , Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Allergy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Maryam Jadid Tavaf
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan , Iran
| | - Simin Zargarani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan , Iran
| | - Azita Soltanmohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan , Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Allergy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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Yazdanpanah E, Mahmoudi M, Sahebari M, Rezaieyazdi Z, Esmaeili SA, Tabasi N, Jaberi S, Sahebkar A, Rastin M. Vitamin D3 Alters the Expression of Toll-like Receptors in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4831-4835. [PMID: 28544067 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by production of inflammatory cytokines and autoreactive antibodies due to the loss of immune tolerance. Recognition of self-nucleic acids by intracellular Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can overactivate immune responses and this abnormal activation of TLRs contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease. In recent years, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VitD3) on the immune system has received particular attention. The present study investigated the effects of vitamin D3 on the expression of TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 in SLE patients. Study participants included 20 SLE patients and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and cultured in the presence or absence of vitamin D3 (50 nM). Then RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized and gene expression levels of TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 were assessed using real-time PCR. Up-regulated expression levels of TLR7 and TLR9 were observed in the PBMCs of SLE patients in comparison with controls. Culturing PBMCs with vitamin D3 significantly down-regulated the expression of TLR3 (8.86 ± 4.2 for SLE patients vs. 45.34 ± 18.6 for control; P = 0.03), TLR7 (17.91 ± 7.7 for SLE patients vs. 242.37 ± 89.6 for controls; P = 0.0001) and TLR9 (4.67 ± 1.9 for SLE patients vs. 8.9 ± 1.5 for controls; P = 0.007) in SLE patients in comparison with healthy controls. The results of the current study suggest that vitamin D3 could exert some of its immunomodulatory effects in SLE patients via affecting the expression levels of some TLRs. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4831-4835, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Faculty of Medicine, BuAli Research Institute, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Faculty of Medicine, BuAli Research Institute, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Sahebari
- Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine Section, Ghaem Hospital, Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaieyazdi
- Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine Section, Ghaem Hospital, Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Faculty of Medicine, BuAli Research Institute, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Tabasi
- Faculty of Medicine, BuAli Research Institute, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soheila Jaberi
- Faculty of Medicine, BuAli Research Institute, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Rastin
- Faculty of Medicine, BuAli Research Institute, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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