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Ruuth M, Soronen J, Kaiharju E, Merikanto K, Perttilä J, Metso J, Lee-Rueckert M, Taskinen MR, Kovanen PT, Öörni K, Olkkonen VM, Jauhiainen MS, Laurila PP. USF1 deficiency alleviates inflammation, enhances cholesterol efflux and prevents cholesterol accumulation in macrophages. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:285. [PMID: 30545366 PMCID: PMC6293625 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The focus of studies on high-density lipoproteins (HDL) has shifted from HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) to HDL function. We recently demonstrated that low USF1 expression in mice and humans associates with high plasma HDL-C and low triglyceride levels, as well as protection against obesity, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. Here, we studied the impact of USF1 deficiency on HDL functional capacity and macrophage atherogenic functions, including inflammation, cholesterol efflux, and cholesterol accumulation. Methods We used a congenic Usf1 deficient mice in C57Bl/6JRccHsd background and blood samples were collected to isolate HDL for structural and functional studies. Lentiviral preparations containing the USF1 silencing shRNA expression vector were used to silence USF1 in human THP-1 and Huh-7 cells. Cholesterol efflux from acetyl-LDL loaded THP-1 macrophages was measured using HDL and plasma as acceptors. Gene expression analysis from USF1 silenced peritoneal macrophages was carried out using Affymetrix protocols. Results We show that Usf1 deficiency not only increases HDL-C levels in vivo, consistent with elevated ABCA1 protein expression in hepatic cell lines, but also improves the functional capacity of HDL particles. HDL particles derived from Usf1 deficient mice remove cholesterol more efficiently from macrophages, attributed to their higher contents of phospholipids. Furthermore, silencing of USF1 in macrophages enhanced the cholesterol efflux capacity of these cells. These findings are consistent with reduced inflammatory burden of USF1 deficient macrophages, manifested by reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines MCP-1 and IL-1β and protection against inflammation-induced macrophage cholesterol accumulation in a cell-autonomous manner. Conclusions Our findings identify USF1 as a novel factor regulating HDL functionality, showing that USF1 inactivation boosts cholesterol efflux, reduces macrophage inflammation and attenuates macrophage cholesterol accumulation, linking improved macrophage cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory pathways to the antiatherogenic function of USF1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Ruuth
- Wihuri Research Institute, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarkko Soronen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Essi Kaiharju
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krista Merikanto
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia Perttilä
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Metso
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti S Jauhiainen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland. .,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Pirkka-Pekka Laurila
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland
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Laurila PP, Soronen J, Kooijman S, Forsström S, Boon MR, Surakka I, Kaiharju E, Coomans CP, Van Den Berg SAA, Autio A, Sarin AP, Kettunen J, Tikkanen E, Manninen T, Metso J, Silvennoinen R, Merikanto K, Ruuth M, Perttilä J, Mäkelä A, Isomi A, Tuomainen AM, Tikka A, Ramadan UA, Seppälä I, Lehtimäki T, Eriksson J, Havulinna A, Jula A, Karhunen PJ, Salomaa V, Perola M, Ehnholm C, Lee-Rueckert M, Van Eck M, Roivainen A, Taskinen MR, Peltonen L, Mervaala E, Jalanko A, Hohtola E, Olkkonen VM, Ripatti S, Kovanen PT, Rensen PCN, Suomalainen A, Jauhiainen M. USF1 deficiency activates brown adipose tissue and improves cardiometabolic health. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:323ra13. [PMID: 26819196 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
USF1 (upstream stimulatory factor 1) is a transcription factor associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia and coronary artery disease in humans. However, whether USF1 is beneficial or detrimental to cardiometabolic health has not been addressed. By inactivating USF1 in mice, we demonstrate protection against diet-induced dyslipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and atherosclerosis. The favorable plasma lipid profile, including increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased triglycerides, was coupled with increased energy expenditure due to activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Usf1 inactivation directs triglycerides from the circulation to BAT for combustion via a lipoprotein lipase-dependent mechanism, thus enhancing plasma triglyceride clearance. Mice lacking Usf1 displayed increased BAT-facilitated, diet-induced thermogenesis with up-regulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, as well as increased BAT activity even at thermoneutrality and after BAT sympathectomy. A direct effect of USF1 on BAT activation was demonstrated by an amplified adrenergic response in brown adipocytes after Usf1 silencing, and by augmented norepinephrine-induced thermogenesis in mice lacking Usf1. In humans, individuals carrying SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) alleles that reduced USF1 mRNA expression also displayed a beneficial cardiometabolic profile, featuring improved insulin sensitivity, a favorable lipid profile, and reduced atherosclerosis. Our findings identify a new molecular link between lipid metabolism and energy expenditure, and point to the potential of USF1 as a therapeutic target for cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirkka-Pekka Laurila
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland.
| | - Jarkko Soronen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands. Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Saara Forsström
- Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands. Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Ida Surakka
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Essi Kaiharju
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Claudia P Coomans
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands. Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | | | - Anu Autio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Tuula Manninen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Jari Metso
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | | | - Krista Merikanto
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Maija Ruuth
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
| | - Julia Perttilä
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
| | - Anne Mäkelä
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Ayaka Isomi
- Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan
| | - Anita M Tuomainen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Anna Tikka
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Usama Abo Ramadan
- Experimental MRI Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Tampere University School of Medicine, Tampere FI-33014, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Tampere University School of Medicine, Tampere FI-33014, Finland
| | - Johan Eriksson
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00271, Finland. Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland. Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Aki Havulinna
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00271, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00271, Finland
| | - Pekka J Karhunen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Tampere University School of Medicine, Tampere FI-33014, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00271, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Christian Ehnholm
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | | | - Miranda Van Eck
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku FI-20520, Finland. Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | | | - Eero Mervaala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Anu Jalanko
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Esa Hohtola
- Department of Genetics and Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands. Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland. Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland. Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland.
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Béaslas O, Metso J, Nissilä E, Laurila PP, Kaiharju E, Batchu KC, Kaipiainen L, Mäyränpää MI, Yan D, Gylling H, Jauhiainen M, Olkkonen VM. Osbpl8 deficiency in mouse causes an elevation of high-density lipoproteins and gender-specific alterations of lipid metabolism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58856. [PMID: 23554939 PMCID: PMC3598917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OSBP-related protein 8 (ORP8) encoded by Osbpl8 is an endoplasmic reticulum sterol sensor implicated in cellular lipid metabolism. We generated an Osbpl8−/− (KO) C57Bl/6 mouse strain. Wild-type and Osbpl8KO animals at the age of 13-weeks were fed for 5 weeks either chow or high-fat diet, and their plasma lipids/lipoproteins and hepatic lipids were analyzed. The chow-fed Osbpl8KO male mice showed a marked elevation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (+79%) and phospholipids (+35%), while only minor increase of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) was detected. In chow-fed female KO mice a less prominent increase of HDL cholesterol (+27%) was observed, while on western diet the HDL increment was prominent in both genders. The HDL increase was accompanied by an elevated level of HDL-associated apolipoprotein E in male, but not female KO animals. No differences between genotypes were observed in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) or hepatic lipase (HL) activity, or in the fractional catabolic rate of fluorescently labeled mouse HDL injected in chow-diet fed animals. The Osbpl8KO mice of both genders displayed reduced phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) activity, but only on chow diet. These findings are consistent with a model in which Osbpl8 deficiency results in altered biosynthesis of HDL. Consistent with this hypothesis, ORP8 depleted mouse hepatocytes secreted an increased amount of nascent HDL into the culture medium. In addition to the HDL phenotype, distinct gender-specific alterations in lipid metabolism were detected: Female KO animals on chow diet showed reduced lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and increased plasma triglycerides, while the male KO mice displayed elevated plasma cholesterol biosynthetic markers cholestenol, desmosterol, and lathosterol. Moreover, modest gender-specific alterations in the hepatic expression of lipid homeostatic genes were observed. In conclusion, we report the first viable OsbplKO mouse model, demonstrating a HDL elevating effect of Osbpl8 knock-out and additional gender- and/or diet-dependent impacts on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Béaslas
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Metso
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Genomics Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Nissilä
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkka-Pekka Laurila
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Genomics Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Essi Kaiharju
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Genomics Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krishna Chaithanya Batchu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Kaipiainen
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko I. Mäyränpää
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB Division of Pathology, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daoguang Yan
- Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Helena Gylling
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Genomics Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa M. Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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