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Adeniran A, Bakare OQ, Oluwole EO, Chieme FC, Durojaiye T, Ojo OY, Olujobi B, Ilesanmi MM. COVID-19 and Activities of Daily Living Among Primary Health Care Workers in Ekiti State, South-West Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2024; 41:169-174. [PMID: 38581692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Globally, COVID-19 has greatly impacted humans physically, socially, mentally, and economically. No doubt, healthcare workers seemed to bear the greatest impact. The study therefore assessed the impact of COVID- 19 on the primary healthcare workers' daily activities in Ekiti, Southwest, Nigeria. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional study using a quantitative data collection method among 716 primary healthcare workers. Respondents were selected using an online convenience sampling method via their social media platforms. Data was collected, collated, and analyzed using SPSS version 25 software and presented as frequency tables, mean and standard deviation. Bivariate/multivariate analyses were conducted using t-tests and ANOVA statistics. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS The mean age of respondents was 44.4+6.4SD with less than half (47.1%) between 41-50 years age group. The majority of the respondents (89.4%) were female and almost all (96.2%) were married. Ninety percent (90%) had ever heard of Coronavirus and (85.8%) had to spend more money on activities of daily living such as transportation (90.1%), groceries (80.6%), assisting relations (95.8%) and sanitary measures (disinfection) at home (95.0%). COVID-19 had a huge negative impact on the majority (89.7%) of healthcare workers with a mean score of 22+4.8. CONCLUSION COVID-19 negatively impacted the daily living and professional duties of primary healthcare workers which reflected in their psychological, physical, social and economic well-being. Disease outbreaks are unlikely to disappear soon, hence, global proactive interventions and homegrown measures should be adopted to protect healthcare workers and save their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Adeniran
- Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. Phone No: 08023044194 E-mail:
| | - O Q Bakare
- Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. Phone No: 08023044194 E-mail:
| | - E O Oluwole
- Department of Community Health & Primary Care, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Surulere, Nigeria
| | | | - T Durojaiye
- Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O Y Ojo
- Department of Community Medicine & Primary Care, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - B Olujobi
- State Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - M M Ilesanmi
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, College of Medicine University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Odukoya OO, Isikekpei BC, Nwaneri SC, Akodu B, Odeniyi I, Oluwole EO, Osuntoki A. Co-occurrence of Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease amongst Diabetic Patients in Lagos State, Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J 2024; 31:45-52. [PMID: 38321796 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_239_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes significantly increases the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). This risk can be reduced by addressing modifiable risk factors. The objectives of this study were to assess the modifiable risks for CVD amongst persons with diabetes and identify the factors associated with multiple risk factors. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 357 diabetic patients attending a large tertiary hospital in Southwest Nigeria. Eligible patients were recruited consecutively on clinic days till the minimum sample size was reached. An interviewer-administered survey tool adapted from the World Health Organization STEPS was used to obtain information from study participants. The following risk factors were assessed: tobacco use, obesity, high blood pressure, physical activity, sedentary time and hours of sleep. Data were analysed using the STATA version 15.0 (Stata Corp.) statistical programme. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 61.7 ± 12.6 years, and they were mostly females (63.9%). Of the risk factors assessed, the most prevalent modifiable risk factors amongst the respondents were inadequate sleep - <8 h on average (91.6%), abdominal obesity (82.6%) and high blood pressure (72%). Others were inadequate physical activity (56%) and lifetime tobacco use (21%). Up to 40.3% of the diabetic persons had three or more co-existing CVD risk factors. Age, gender, work and marital status (P ≤ 0.01) were statistically associated with multiple CVD risk factors. Being male, unmarried and increasing age were predictors of multiple CVD risk factors amongst the diabetic patients. CONCLUSION A significant proportion of the diabetic patients have multiple co-existing modifiable CVD risks. Abdominal obesity and poor sleep were the most prevalent. Older men who are unmarried were more likely to have multiple risks. Primary and secondary preventive measures to address CVD risks amongst diabetic patients are warranted and should target older unmarried men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Brenda C Isikekpei
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Chiekezi Nwaneri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Akodu
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Ifedayo Odeniyi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Esther O Oluwole
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Akinniyi Osuntoki
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Eboreime E, Banke-Thomas A, Obi-Jeff C, Adelabu Y, Balogun M, Aiyenigba AA, Oluwole EO, Akinajo OR, Afolabi BB. A continuous quality improvement strategy to strengthen screening practices and facilitate the routine use of intravenous iron for treating anaemia in pregnant and postpartum women in Nigeria: a study protocol. Implement Sci Commun 2023; 4:22. [PMID: 36882860 PMCID: PMC9993807 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-023-00400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy-related anaemia is a public health challenge across Africa. Over 50% of pregnant women in Africa get diagnosed with this condition, and up to 75% of these are caused by iron deficiency. The condition is a significant contributor to the high maternal deaths across the continent and, in particular, Nigeria, which accounts for about 34% of global maternal deaths. Whereas oral iron is the mainstay treatment for pregnancy-related anaemia in Nigeria, this treatment is not very effective given the slow absorption of the medication, and its gastrointestinal adverse effects which lead to poor compliance by women. Intravenous iron is an alternative therapy which can rapidly replenish iron stores, but fears of anaphylactic reactions, as well as several misconceptions, have inhibited its routine use. Newer and safer intravenous iron formulations, such as ferric carboxymaltose, present an opportunity to overcome some concerns relating to adherence. Routine use of this formulation will, however, require addressing misconceptions and systemic barriers to adoption in the continuum of care of obstetric women from screening to treatment. This study aims to test the options to strengthen routine screening for anaemia during and immediately after pregnancy, as well as evaluate and improve conditions necessary to deliver ferric carboxymaltose to pregnant and postpartum women with moderate to severe anaemia. METHODS This study will be conducted in a cluster of six health facilities in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study will employ continuous quality improvement through the Diagnose-Intervene-Verify-Adjust framework and Tanahashi's model for health system evaluation to identify and improve systemic bottlenecks to the adoption and implementation of the intervention. Participatory Action Research will be employed to engage health system actors, health services users, and other stakeholders to facilitate change. Evaluation will be guided by the consolidated framework for implementation research and the normalisation process theory. DISCUSSION We expect the study to evolve transferable knowledge on barriers and facilitators to the routine use of intravenous iron that will inform scale-up across Nigeria, as well as the adoption of the intervention and strategies in other countries across Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejemai Eboreime
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 1E1 Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre (WMC), University of Alberta, 8440 112 St NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas
- Global Maternal and Newborn Health Hub, Institute of Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, UK.,Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Yusuf Adelabu
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mobolanle Balogun
- Department of Community Health & Primary Care, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Esther O Oluwole
- Department of Community Health & Primary Care, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi R Akinajo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Bosede B Afolabi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria. .,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
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Osibogun AO, Shuaib FM, Adeyeye CM, Onajole AT, Ejembi CL, Banwat ME, Wright KO, Mohammed A, Adeleye OA, Yahya SJ, Ifeadike CO, Elemuwa UU, Bassey BE, Oluwole EO, Erinoso OA. Cohort event monitoring for safety signal detection in adult individuals 18 years and above after immunisation with coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines in Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J 2023; 30:18-24. [PMID: 36814159 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_299_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction In Nigeria, immunisation with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines commenced in March 2021. COVISHIELD from AstraZeneca (AZ), a viral vector vaccine, was the brand administered in the first phase of vaccinations for pre-determined eligible adults 18 years and above. As more brands of COVID-19 vaccines have been introduced in Nigeria, identifying effective and safe vaccine brands is essential to pharmacovigilance and public health. The current study assessed the safety of the AZ-AZD1222 (ChAdOx1) COVID-19 vaccine in adults during the first phase of the vaccination exercise in Nigeria. Methodology We conducted a descriptive analysis of safety data from selected vaccination sites across six states in Nigeria between June 2021 and September 2021. Respondents were monitored over 3 months for local and systemic reactions, as well as hospitalisation and mortality. Measures obtained from respondents include age, sex, pre-existing comorbidity, local and systemic reactions to vaccines, timing onset of reactions, hospitalisation and mortality. Bivariate and multivariable regression models were used to assess factors associated with vaccine reactogenicity. Results A total of 1284 individuals were enrolled in the cohort study from the six selected states (Anambra, Borno, Edo, Katsina, Lagos and Plateau) representing the geopolitical zones of Nigeria. A total of 675 individuals or 52.6% of enrolees reported non-serious adverse effects, and only one individual or 0.08% reported a serious adverse event following immunisation in the first 7 days after vaccination. None of the enrolled participants reported adverse events requiring hospitalisation. The most common self-reported symptoms amongst vaccine recipients were tenderness at the injection site 20.9% and fever 20.3%. A majority of symptoms (55.5%) occurred on or before the 3rd day after vaccination. Multivariable logistic regression model showed that age 60 years or above (vs. 18-24 years) was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of a vaccine-related symptomatic reaction (adjusted odds ratio: 0.35; 95% confidence interval: 0.20-0.61). There was no reported mortality amongst all the enrolled and followed-up vaccine recipients. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the safety profile of the AZ vaccine is acceptable, and the observed symptoms were mild and mostly within the first 3 days following vaccination. Vaccine recipients will benefit from counselling about potential transient reactions, and improving public awareness can potentially encourage the uptake of vaccines and reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinsanya O Osibogun
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Faisal Mohammed Shuaib
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Office of the Executive Director, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Adebayo Temitayo Onajole
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Clara Ladi Ejembi
- Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University/Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mathilda Edmund Banwat
- Department of Community Health, University of Jos, Nigeria/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Kikelomo Ololade Wright
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Lagos State University College of Medicine/Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Mohammed
- Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University/Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Omokhoa Adedayo Adeleye
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Benin/University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Shuaib Jauro Yahya
- Department of Community Health, University of Maiduguri/University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Bassey Ekposen Bassey
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Office of the Executive Director, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Esther O Oluwole
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi Akinwunmi Erinoso
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Division of Socio-behavioral Health/Health Policy, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
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Osanyin GE, Bankethomas A, Oluwole EO, Odeseye AK, Afolabi BB. Effects of a mHealth voice messaging intervention on antenatal care utilisation at primary care level in Lagos, Nigeria: a cluster randomised trial. J Public Health Afr 2022; 13:2222. [PMID: 36277941 PMCID: PMC9585595 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2022.2222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nigeria has one of the lowest antenatal care (ANC) utilization rates compared to other low- and middle-income nations. In order to ensure a positive pregnant experience, the World Health Organization recommends at least eight ANC visits during pregnancy. This study intends to examine the impact of a mobile phone-based voice message intervention on ANC use in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods In this cluster-randomized experiment, primary healthcare centres were divided into five intervention and five control groups using multistage simple random sampling. The intervention consisted of a weekly voice message transmitted through mobile phone from the time of recruitment in the first trimester until two weeks postpartum. Attending at least eight ANC visits before birth was the primary outcome. STATA v17.0 was used to conduct descriptive and bivariate analyses as well as multivariate linear models to calculate crude risk ratios. Results 458 women participated. All intervention group women (269 women, or 58.7% of the sample) received the text message. These ladies were mostly married, Christian, had several children, and had completed high school. Women who received the intervention were more likely to attend eight ANC visits. Conclusion A voice message-based intervention can boost ANC utilization, according to the conclusion. This contributes to the existing body of information about the influence of mHealth treatments on maternal health outcomes and serves as a useful tool for ensuring that no woman is left behind.
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Oluwole EO, Adeniran A, Chieme CF, Ojo OY, Akinyinka MR, Ilesanmi MM, Olujobi BA, Bakare OQ. Maternal and child health service readiness among primary health care facilities in Ekiti, Nigeria. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2022; 14:e1-e7. [PMID: 36073122 PMCID: PMC9453109 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v14i1.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The availability of adequate infrastructure, diagnostic medical equipment, medicines and commodities and well-trained medical personnel are essential for the effective delivery of health care services. Aim This study assessed maternal and child health (MCH) services’ specific readiness by type and location of the health facility and compared the readiness between urban and rural primary health care (PHC) facilities in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Setting The study was conducted amongst the heads (officers in charge) of PHC facilities in Ekiti State, Nigeria between August 2020 and October 2020. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study in which all PHC facilities were conducted and data were collected with the aid of the Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool using the KoboCollect app. Data were cleaned and coded on Microsoft Excel 2016 and exported to Stata SE 12 for analysis. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Overall, the MCH readiness score amongst PHC facilities was 47% (0.47 ± 0.18). About half (52%) of the facilities had necessary and relevant equipment. Health facilities located in urban areas had more medicines and commodities compared with those of rural areas (0.51 ± 0.16 vs 0.45 ± 0.17, p < 0.05). Primary health care facilities in Ekiti North I had an overall higher service readiness score (0.63 ± 0.19) compared with other federal constituencies (p < 0.001). Conclusion The overall MCH-specific service readiness in Ekiti State was relatively low. Strategies to address the identified gaps for a smooth journey towards the achievement of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther O Oluwole
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere.
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Momoh FE, Olufela OE, Adejimi AA, Roberts AA, Oluwole EO, Ayankogbe OO, Onajole AT. Mothers' knowledge, attitude and home management of diarrhoea among children under five years old in Lagos, Nigeria. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2022; 14:e1-e10. [PMID: 35695440 PMCID: PMC9210141 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v14i1.3119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrhoea is a leading cause of death among children under five years old globally. It remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among this age group in Nigeria. Using simple home management, mothers play important roles in the prevention and control of diarrhoea among these children. Aim This study aimed to assess mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practice in the prevention and home management of diarrhoeal diseases among children under five years old in Lagos, Nigeria. Setting This study was conducted within the communities of Kosofe local government area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analysed using EPI info version 7.2.1. Chi-square statistic was used to test the association between variable at the level of significance of 5%. Results A total of 360 respondents participated in this study. The mean age of the respondents was 32.5 ± 5.5 years. About 59.2% of respondents had good knowledge, 59.2% of them had positive attitude, and 53.1% of them had good practice towards prevention and home management of diarrhoea. Age (p = 0.007), occupation (p = 0.008) and level of education (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with practice of home management of diarrhoea among children under five years old. Conclusion Educated, employed, and married mothers were more likely to have good prevention and home management practices towards diarrhoea in their children under five years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith E Momoh
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos.
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Adeniran A, Oluwole EO, Ojo OY. Job Satisfaction and Intention of Primary Healthcare Workers to Leave: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Local Government Area in Lagos, Nigeria. Glob J Health Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v13n4p138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased intention of healthcare workers to leave the health sector is one of the many negative impacts of job dissatisfaction and poor working conditions among healthcare workers in Nigeria. This study assessed the level of job satisfaction and the intention of leaving the country or medical practice among primary healthcare workers in Lagos, Nigeria. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional among 235 respondents, selected using a multistage sampling method. An adapted self-administered questionnaire from the Minnesota questionnaire short form and the Job Description Index (JDI) was used for data collection. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Descriptive statistics were performed while Chi-square was used to determine the association between categorical variables and the level of significance was set at p <0.05. About half (50.6%) of the healthcare workers were satisfied with their jobs. Highest score 37.00 (32-40) for job satisfaction was found in the domain of management process; while the lowest score 16.00 (13-20) was found in the salary domain. The majority of the healthcare workers 201(85.5%) had the intention of leaving Nigeria for a better opportunity abroad. Healthcare workers were satisfied with the management process but dissatisfied with pay. Targeted interventions to improve the morale of healthcare workers at the primary healthcare level is recommended.
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Oluwole EO, Adeyemo TA, Osanyin GE, Odukoya OO, Kanki PJ, Afolabi BB. Feasibility and acceptability of early infant screening for sickle cell disease in Lagos, Nigeria-A pilot study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242861. [PMID: 33270733 PMCID: PMC7714115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In Nigeria, about 150000 babies are born annually with sickle cell disease (SCD), and this figure has been estimated to increase by 100% by the year 2050 without effective and sustainable control strategies. Despite the high prevalence, newborn screening for SCD which allows for early prophylactic treatment, education of parents/guardians and comprehensive management is not yet available. This study explored a strategy for screening in early infancy during the first and second immunization visits, determined the prevalence, feasibility and acceptability of early infant screening for SCD and the evaluation of the HemoTypeSC diagnostic test as compared to the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) gold standard. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two selected primary health care centres in Somolu local government area (LGA) in Lagos, Nigeria. Two hundred and ninety-one mother-infant pairs who presented for the first or second immunization visit were consecutively enrolled in the study following written informed consent. The haemoglobin genotype of mother-infant pairs was determined using the HemoTypeSC rapid test kit. Confirmation of the infants’ Hb genotype was done with HPLC. Data were analysed with SPSS version 22. Validity and Predictive value of HemotypeSC rapid screening test were also calculated. Infant screening for SCD was acceptable to 86% of mothers presenting to the immunization clinics. The prevalence of SCD among the infant cohort was 0.8%. The infants diagnosed with SCD were immediately enrolled in the paediatric SCD clinic for disease-specific care. The HemoTypeSC test had 100% sensitivity and specificity for sickle cell disease in early infancy compared to HPLC. This study affirms that it is feasible and acceptable for mothers to implement a SCD screening intervention program in early infancy in Lagos State. The study also demonstrates the utility of the HemotypeSC rapid testing for ease and reduced cost of screening infants for SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther O. Oluwole
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- * E-mail:
| | - Titilope A. Adeyemo
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Gbemisola E. Osanyin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi O. Odukoya
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Phyllis J. Kanki
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Bosede B. Afolabi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Abstract
Background Globally, postpartum depression is one of the most common but often unrecognized complications of childbirth, yearly affecting about 10–15% of postnatal women. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of postpartum depression and its predictors among postnatal women in Lagos. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 mothers in Eti-Osa Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria, attending six Primary Health Care centers for infant immunization at six weeks post-delivery. Data was collected using a pretested semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire which included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23TM. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations and predictive relationships between various factors and the presence of postpartum depression. The level of significance was set at <0.05. Results The prevalence of postpartum depression was 35.6%. Multiparity, delivery by cesarean section, mother being unwell after delivery, and not exclusively breastfeeding the baby were the factors linked with postpartum depression. Following multiple logistic regression, having postpartum blues (p=0.000; OR=32.77; 95%CI=7.23–148.58)., not getting help with caring for the baby (p=0.008; OR=2.64; 95%CI=1.29–5.42), experiencing intimate partner violence (p=0.000; OR=5.2; 95%CI=2.23–11.91) and having an unsupportive partner (p=0.018; OR=2.6; 95%CI=1.17–5.78) were identified as predictors of postpartum depression. Conclusion This study revealed a high prevalence of postpartum depression, identifying both the obstetric and psychosocial predictors. Social support for women both in the pre- and postnatal periods and routine screening of women for postpartum depression should be encouraged for early detection and immediate intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Adeyemo
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine University of Lagos. Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - E O Oluwole
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine University of Lagos. Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - O J Kanma-Okafor
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine University of Lagos. Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - O M Izuka
- Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - K A Odeyemi
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine University of Lagos. Lagos State, Nigeria
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Oluwole EO, Oyekanmi OD, Ogunyemi DO, Osanyin GE. Knowledge, attitude and preventive practices of sexually transmitted infections among unmarried youths in an urban community in Lagos State, Nigeria. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2020; 12:e1-e7. [PMID: 32370529 PMCID: PMC7203189 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are of public health importance as over 1 million STIs are acquired daily worldwide. One-third of the new cases of curable STIs affect younger persons aged less than 25 years. Sexually transmitted infections can lead to severe complications beyond the immediate impact of infections as such. AIM This study assessed knowledge of, attitude towards and preventive practices of STI among young unmarried persons in Surulere local government area (LGA) of Lagos State, Nigeria. SETTING The study was conducted among young unmarried persons in Surulere LGA, Lagos State, Nigeria, between June and November 2018. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 young unmarried persons selected using a multistage sampling technique. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data. Analysis was carried out with Epi-Info 7.2.2.2 software. Chi-square was used to test for associations. Level of significance was at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS The mean age was 19.9 + 2.5 years. Majority of the respondents (84.7%) had heard of STIs. About two-third (65.6%) had good knowledge, while majority (98.6%) had good attitude towards the prevention of STIs, but less than half (34.0%) had good preventive practices. Knowledge of STI was statistically significantly associated with age, level of education, attitude and preventive practices of the respondents. CONCLUSION Most of the respondents were aware and had good attitude towards prevention of STI, but gaps exist in knowledge and preventive practices. Hence, targeted education to improve the knowledge and preventive practices against STI among young unmarried persons is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther O Oluwole
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos.
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Oluwole EO, Idowu OM, Adejimi AA, Balogun MR, Osanyin GE. Knowledge, attitude and uptake of human papillomavirus vaccination among female undergraduates in Lagos State, Nigeria. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:3627-3633. [PMID: 31803664 PMCID: PMC6881959 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_520_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a known cause of cervical cancer which is the second-most common cancer among women worldwide. HPV vaccination is a primary prevention to reduce the occurrence of cervical cancer. This study assessed knowledge, attitude and uptake of HPV vaccine among female undergraduates in Lagos State Polytechnic (LASPOTECH). Methods A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 female undergraduates of LASPOTECH in August 2018. Participants were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique and data was collected with a pretested, self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS version 20. Statistically significant level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results Mean age of respondents was 21.3 ± 2 years. Only 11 (3%) of the respondents had good knowledge of HPV and the vaccine. However, majority of the respondents 356 (92.7%) had positive attitude towards uptake of HPV vaccine. Only 10 (2.6%) of the respondents had received a single dose of HPV vaccine. Age, level of study and number of sexual partners of the respondents were statistically significantly associated with knowledge and attitude towards the HPV vaccine (P ≤ 0.05). The most common reason stated by the respondents for none uptake of HPV vaccine was lack of information. Conclusion Knowledge and uptake of HPV vaccination among the respondents were poor. However, majority had positive attitude towards uptake of the vaccine. It is recommended that information on HPV and the vaccine should be made available to increase the knowledge and the uptake among female undergraduates in Lagos State.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther O Oluwole
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun M Idowu
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adebola A Adejimi
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mobolanle R Balogun
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Gbemisola E Osanyin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Oluwole EO, Osibogun O, Adegoke O, Adejimi AA, Adewole AM, Osibogun A. Medication adherence and patient satisfaction among hypertensive patients attending outpatient clinic in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J 2019; 26:129-137. [PMID: 31187754 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_48_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background of the Study Low adherence is an essential element responsible for impaired effectiveness and efficiency in the pharmacological treatment of hypertension. Patient satisfaction is an important measure of healthcare quality and is a crucial determinant of patients' perspective on behavioural intention. Aims This study determined the association between medication adherence and treatment satisfaction among hypertensive patients attending hypertension outpatient clinic in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Nigeria. Materials and Methods Setting - The study setting was LUTH; a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Study design - Hypertensive patients were consecutively recruited from the outpatient clinic. Medication adherence was assessed using the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale and treatment satisfaction was assessed using the 14-item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication. Statistical Analysis Univariate and linear regression analyses were conducted using STATA software version 14.1 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX, USA). Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results A total of 500 respondents with a mean age of 58.9 ± 13.3 years participated in the study. Overall, majority (446 [89.2%]) of the respondents in this study had 'moderate' adherence to antihypertensive medication. However, only five (1.0%) respondents reported 'high' adherence. Mean scores were highest in the moderate adherence category for all satisfaction domains and overall domain. Treatment satisfaction was associated with medication adherence, and was statistically significant (P = 0.000). Conclusion One in every hundred patients had high adherence to hypertensive medication in this study, and there was a positive association between treatment satisfaction and medication adherence. Continuous patient-specific and tailored adherence education and counselling for hypertensive patients is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther O Oluwole
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olatokunbo Osibogun
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Oluseyi Adegoke
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adebola A Adejimi
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ajoke M Adewole
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Akin Osibogun
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
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Akinyinka MR, Bakare OQ, Oluwole EO, Odugbemi BA. Hand hygiene practices in the context of Ebola virus disease: A cross-sectional survey of Lagos residents. J Infect Prev 2019; 20:179-184. [PMID: 31428198 DOI: 10.1177/1757177419830779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Ebola virus disease outbreak that ravaged parts of West Africa has been described as the most severe acute public health emergency seen in modern times. Hand washing was promoted among other measures for infection prevention. Objective This study assessed the awareness of Ebola virus disease and hand-washing practices among Lagos residents, southwest Nigeria. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was used. A total of 1982 respondents aged 18 ⩾ years were selected using a multi stage sampling technique. An interviewer-administered, pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection between August and November 2015. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22, with level of significance set at 0.05. Results Almost all (97.3%) respondents were aware of Ebola virus disease, with over half of respondents having heard about it from television. A majority of 1890 (95.4%) respondents were aware of the importance of hand washing in disease prevention. Similarly, high proportions of respondents were aware they should wash their hands after an outing, toilet use, touching pets, before and after meals, while 1628 (82.1%) of respondents knew to wash their hands after a hand shake. However, less than half of respondents (38.8%) always washed their hands after handshakes. Discussion A majority of respondents surveyed were aware of Ebola virus disease and hand washing, but the practice of hand washing, which is key in prevention of infection, lagged behind the knowledge of the respondents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modupe R Akinyinka
- Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria.,Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Omowunmi Q Bakare
- Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria.,Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Esther O Oluwole
- Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde A Odugbemi
- Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
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Okafor IP, Ezekude C, Oluwole EO, Onigbogi OO. Malaria in pregnancy: A community-based study on the knowledge, perception, and prevention among Nigerian women. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:1359-1364. [PMID: 31143721 PMCID: PMC6510088 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_295_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malaria accounts for approximately 1 million deaths annually and about 300,000 deaths in Nigeria alone. Pregnant women and their unborn babies are particularly vulnerable to the adverse consequences of malaria. This study assessed the knowledge, perception, and preventive practices for malaria in pregnancy (MiP) among women in Lagos, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study design was adopted. A total of 422 respondents were selected using multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire in the first quarter of 2016. Analysis was done with Epi Info™ 7 software with level of significance set at P < 0.05. Results: All respondents were aware of MiP, and almost all the respondents (96.2%) were aware that malaria is caused by infected mosquito bite. Majority (89.3%) of the respondents registered for antenatal care in their last pregnancy, but 56.6% did so in the second trimester. A little over half (55.5%) had good knowledge of MiP. There was poor knowledge of the complications of MiP in mothers, with 27% unaware of any complications. Majority (51.6%) of them did not know the complications of malaria in the fetus. Better educated respondents had statistically significant better knowledge of MiP (P = 0.001). Only two-fifths of the respondents (39.8%) agreed that MiP can lead to death of the fetus. Most (41.9%) used insecticide spray and coils in the prevention of MiP, whereas only 36.9% used intermittent preventive treatment. Only 24.1% used insecticide-treated nets and almost 20% used no form of prevention. Conclusion: Respondents’ knowledge, perception, and preventive practices for MiP were not satisfactory. Public health education on MiP should be intensified at the community level in order to improve knowledge and prevention and also to correct misconceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma P Okafor
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Chinonso Ezekude
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Esther O Oluwole
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olanrewaju O Onigbogi
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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