1
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Kayvanjoo AH, Splichalova I, Bejarano DA, Huang H, Mauel K, Makdissi N, Heider D, Tew HM, Balzer NR, Greto E, Osei-Sarpong C, Baßler K, Schultze JL, Uderhardt S, Kiermaier E, Beyer M, Schlitzer A, Mass E. Fetal liver macrophages contribute to the hematopoietic stem cell niche by controlling granulopoiesis. eLife 2024; 13:e86493. [PMID: 38526524 PMCID: PMC11006421 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
During embryogenesis, the fetal liver becomes the main hematopoietic organ, where stem and progenitor cells as well as immature and mature immune cells form an intricate cellular network. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in a specialized niche, which is essential for their proliferation and differentiation. However, the cellular and molecular determinants contributing to this fetal HSC niche remain largely unknown. Macrophages are the first differentiated hematopoietic cells found in the developing liver, where they are important for fetal erythropoiesis by promoting erythrocyte maturation and phagocytosing expelled nuclei. Yet, whether macrophages play a role in fetal hematopoiesis beyond serving as a niche for maturing erythroblasts remains elusive. Here, we investigate the heterogeneity of macrophage populations in the murine fetal liver to define their specific roles during hematopoiesis. Using a single-cell omics approach combined with spatial proteomics and genetic fate-mapping models, we found that fetal liver macrophages cluster into distinct yolk sac-derived subpopulations and that long-term HSCs are interacting preferentially with one of the macrophage subpopulations. Fetal livers lacking macrophages show a delay in erythropoiesis and have an increased number of granulocytes, which can be attributed to transcriptional reprogramming and altered differentiation potential of long-term HSCs. Together, our data provide a detailed map of fetal liver macrophage subpopulations and implicate macrophages as part of the fetal HSC niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Kayvanjoo
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Iva Splichalova
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - David Alejandro Bejarano
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Hao Huang
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Katharina Mauel
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Nikola Makdissi
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - David Heider
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Hui Ming Tew
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Nora Reka Balzer
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Eric Greto
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI) and FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine (FAU I-MED), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenErlangenGermany
- Exploratory Research Unit, Optical Imaging Centre ErlangenErlangenGermany
| | - Collins Osei-Sarpong
- Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Kevin Baßler
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, LIMES Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, LIMES Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)BonnGermany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, DZNE and University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Stefan Uderhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI) and FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine (FAU I-MED), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenErlangenGermany
- Exploratory Research Unit, Optical Imaging Centre ErlangenErlangenGermany
| | - Eva Kiermaier
- Immune and Tumor Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Marc Beyer
- Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)BonnGermany
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)BonnGermany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, DZNE and University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Andreas Schlitzer
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Elvira Mass
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of BonnBonnGermany
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2
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Weier AK, Homrich M, Ebbinghaus S, Juda P, Miková E, Hauschild R, Zhang L, Quast T, Mass E, Schlitzer A, Kolanus W, Burgdorf S, Gruß OJ, Hons M, Wieser S, Kiermaier E. Multiple centrosomes enhance migration and immune cell effector functions of mature dendritic cells. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213533. [PMID: 36214847 PMCID: PMC9555069 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202107134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes play a crucial role during immune cell interactions and initiation of the immune response. In proliferating cells, centrosome numbers are tightly controlled and generally limited to one in G1 and two prior to mitosis. Defects in regulating centrosome numbers have been associated with cell transformation and tumorigenesis. Here, we report the emergence of extra centrosomes in leukocytes during immune activation. Upon antigen encounter, dendritic cells pass through incomplete mitosis and arrest in the subsequent G1 phase leading to tetraploid cells with accumulated centrosomes. In addition, cell stimulation increases expression of polo-like kinase 2, resulting in diploid cells with two centrosomes in G1-arrested cells. During cell migration, centrosomes tightly cluster and act as functional microtubule-organizing centers allowing for increased persistent locomotion along gradients of chemotactic cues. Moreover, dendritic cells with extra centrosomes display enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines and optimized T cell responses. Together, these results demonstrate a previously unappreciated role of extra centrosomes for regular cell and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Weier
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Immune and Tumor Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mirka Homrich
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Immune and Tumor Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ebbinghaus
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Immune and Tumor Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pavel Juda
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Miková
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Hauschild
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Lili Zhang
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Quantitative Systems Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elvira Mass
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Developmental Biology of the Immune System, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlitzer
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Quantitative Systems Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Burgdorf
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Cellular Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver J. Gruß
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Miroslav Hons
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Wieser
- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Eva Kiermaier
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Immune and Tumor Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Correspondence to Eva Kiermaier:
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3
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Quast T, Zölzer K, Guu D, Alvarez L, Küsters C, Kiermaier E, Kaupp UB, Kolanus W. A Stable Chemokine Gradient Controls Directional Persistence of Migrating Dendritic Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:943041. [PMID: 36016652 PMCID: PMC9395945 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.943041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Navigation of dendritic cells (DCs) from the site of infection to lymphoid organs is guided by concentration gradients of CCR7 ligands. How cells interpret chemokine gradients and how they couple directional sensing to polarization and persistent chemotaxis has remained largely elusive. Previous experimental systems were limited in the ability to control fast de novo formation of the final gradient slope, long-lasting stability of the gradient and to expose cells to dynamic stimulation. Here, we used a combination of microfluidics and quantitative in vitro live cell imaging to elucidate the chemotactic sensing strategy of DCs. The microfluidic approach allows us to generate soluble gradients with high spatio-temporal precision and to analyze actin dynamics, cell polarization, and persistent directional migration in both static and dynamic environments. We demonstrate that directional persistence of DC migration requires steady-state characteristics of the soluble gradient instead of temporally rising CCL19 concentration, implying that spatial sensing mechanisms control chemotaxis of DCs. Kymograph analysis of actin dynamics revealed that the presence of the CCL19 gradient is essential to stabilize leading edge protrusions in DCs and to determine directionality, since both cytoskeletal polarization and persistent chemotaxis are abrogated in the range of seconds when steady-state gradients are perturbed. In contrast to Dictyostelium amoeba, DCs are unable to decode oscillatory stimulation of soluble chemokine traveling waves into a directional response toward the wave source. These findings are consistent with the notion that DCs do not employ adaptive temporal sensing strategies that discriminate temporally increasing and decreasing chemoattractant concentrations in our setting. Taken together, in our experimental system DCs do not depend on increasing absolute chemokine concentration over time to induce persistent migration and do not integrate oscillatory stimulation. The observed capability of DCs to migrate with high directional persistence in stable gradients but not when subjected to periodic temporal cues, identifies spatial sensing as a key requirement for persistent chemotaxis of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Quast
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karolin Zölzer
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Donald Guu
- Molecular Sensory Systems, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior—Caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luis Alvarez
- Molecular Sensory Systems, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior—Caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carsten Küsters
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Kiermaier
- Immune and Tumor Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - U. Benjamin Kaupp
- Molecular Sensory Systems, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior—Caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Waldemar Kolanus,
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4
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Stötzel I, Kiermaier E. The central role of the centrosome. eLife 2022; 11:84659. [PMID: 36508246 PMCID: PMC9744438 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome decides which branch extending from the body of microglia will successfully engulf and clear away dead neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Stötzel
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Immune and Tumor Biology, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Eva Kiermaier
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Immune and Tumor Biology, University of BonnBonnGermany
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5
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Kern P, Balzer NR, Blank N, Cygon C, Wunderling K, Bender F, Frolov A, Sowa JP, Bonaguro L, Ulas T, Homrich M, Kiermaier E, Thiele C, Schultze JL, Canbay A, Bauer R, Mass E. Creld2 function during unfolded protein response is essential for liver metabolism homeostasis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21939. [PMID: 34549824 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002713rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is associated with hepatic metabolic function, yet it is not well understood how endoplasmic reticulum (ER) disturbance might influence metabolic homeostasis. Here, we describe the physiological function of Cysteine-rich with EGF-like domains 2 (Creld2), previously characterized as a downstream target of the ER-stress signal transducer Atf6. To this end, we generated Creld2-deficient mice and induced UPR by injection of tunicamycin. Creld2 augments protein folding and creates an interlink between the UPR axes through its interaction with proteins involved in the cellular stress response. Thereby, Creld2 promotes tolerance to ER stress and recovery from acute stress. Creld2-deficiency leads to a dysregulated UPR and causes the development of hepatic steatosis during ER stress conditions. Moreover, Creld2-dependent enhancement of the UPR assists in the regulation of energy expenditure. Furthermore, we observed a sex dimorphism in human and mouse livers with only male patients showing an accumulation of CRELD2 protein during the progression from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and only male Creld2-deficient mice developing hepatic steatosis upon aging. These results reveal a Creld2 function at the intersection between UPR and metabolic homeostasis and suggest a mechanism in which chronic ER stress underlies fatty liver disease in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kern
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Developmental Genetics & Molecular Physiology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nora R Balzer
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nelli Blank
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cornelia Cygon
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Wunderling
- Biochemistry & Cell Biology of Lipids, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Franziska Bender
- Developmental Genetics & Molecular Physiology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alex Frolov
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Sowa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Bonaguro
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the Deutsche Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the Deutsche Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mirka Homrich
- Immune and Tumor Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Kiermaier
- Immune and Tumor Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiele
- Biochemistry & Cell Biology of Lipids, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the Deutsche Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Developmental Genetics & Molecular Physiology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elvira Mass
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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6
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Kopf A, Kiermaier E. Dynamic Microtubule Arrays in Leukocytes and Their Role in Cell Migration and Immune Synapse Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:635511. [PMID: 33634136 PMCID: PMC7900162 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.635511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The organization of microtubule arrays in immune cells is critically important for a properly operating immune system. Leukocytes are white blood cells of hematopoietic origin, which exert effector functions of innate and adaptive immune responses. During these processes the microtubule cytoskeleton plays a crucial role for establishing cell polarization and directed migration, targeted secretion of vesicles for T cell activation and cellular cytotoxicity as well as the maintenance of cell integrity. Considering this large spectrum of distinct effector functions, leukocytes require flexible microtubule arrays, which timely and spatially reorganize allowing the cells to accommodate their specific tasks. In contrast to other specialized cell types, which typically nucleate microtubule filaments from non-centrosomal microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs), leukocytes mainly utilize centrosomes for sites of microtubule nucleation. Yet, MTOC localization as well as microtubule organization and dynamics are highly plastic in leukocytes thus allowing the cells to adapt to different environmental constraints. Here we summarize our current knowledge on microtubule organization and dynamics during immune processes and how these microtubule arrays affect immune cell effector functions. We particularly highlight emerging concepts of microtubule involvement during maintenance of cell shape and physical coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaja Kopf
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Kiermaier
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Immune and Tumor Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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7
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Kopf A, Renkawitz J, Hauschild R, Girkontaite I, Tedford K, Merrin J, Thorn-Seshold O, Trauner D, Häcker H, Fischer KD, Kiermaier E, Sixt M. Microtubules control cellular shape and coherence in amoeboid migrating cells. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:151745. [PMID: 32379884 PMCID: PMC7265309 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells navigating through complex tissues face a fundamental challenge: while multiple protrusions explore different paths, the cell needs to avoid entanglement. How a cell surveys and then corrects its own shape is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that spatially distinct microtubule dynamics regulate amoeboid cell migration by locally promoting the retraction of protrusions. In migrating dendritic cells, local microtubule depolymerization within protrusions remote from the microtubule organizing center triggers actomyosin contractility controlled by RhoA and its exchange factor Lfc. Depletion of Lfc leads to aberrant myosin localization, thereby causing two effects that rate-limit locomotion: (1) impaired cell edge coordination during path finding and (2) defective adhesion resolution. Compromised shape control is particularly hindering in geometrically complex microenvironments, where it leads to entanglement and ultimately fragmentation of the cell body. We thus demonstrate that microtubules can act as a proprioceptive device: they sense cell shape and control actomyosin retraction to sustain cellular coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaja Kopf
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jörg Renkawitz
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria,Biomedical Center, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Hauschild
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Irute Girkontaite
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kerry Tedford
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jack Merrin
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Oliver Thorn-Seshold
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Hans Häcker
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Klaus-Dieter Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eva Kiermaier
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria,Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), Immune and Tumor Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Eva Kiermaier:
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria,Eva Kiermaier:
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8
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Kiermaier E, Moussion C, Veldkamp CT, Gerardy-Schahn R, de Vries I, Williams LG, Chaffee GR, Phillips AJ, Freiberger F, Imre R, Taleski D, Payne RJ, Braun A, Förster R, Mechtler K, Mühlenhoff M, Volkman BF, Sixt M. Polysialylation controls dendritic cell trafficking by regulating chemokine recognition. Science 2015; 351:186-90. [PMID: 26657283 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The addition of polysialic acid to N- and/or O-linked glycans, referred to as polysialylation, is a rare posttranslational modification that is mainly known to control the developmental plasticity of the nervous system. Here we show that CCR7, the central chemokine receptor controlling immune cell trafficking to secondary lymphatic organs, carries polysialic acid. This modification is essential for the recognition of the CCR7 ligand CCL21. As a consequence, dendritic cell trafficking is abrogated in polysialyltransferase-deficient mice, manifesting as disturbed lymph node homeostasis and unresponsiveness to inflammatory stimuli. Structure-function analysis of chemokine-receptor interactions reveals that CCL21 adopts an autoinhibited conformation, which is released upon interaction with polysialic acid. Thus, we describe a glycosylation-mediated immune cell trafficking disorder and its mechanistic basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kiermaier
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Christine Moussion
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Christopher T Veldkamp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, WI 53190, USA. Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Rita Gerardy-Schahn
- Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School [Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH)], Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingrid de Vries
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Larry G Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, WI 53190, USA
| | - Gary R Chaffee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, WI 53190, USA
| | - Andrew J Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, WI 53190, USA
| | - Friedrich Freiberger
- Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School [Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH)], Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Richard Imre
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Deni Taleski
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Asolina Braun
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Mechtler
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Mühlenhoff
- Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School [Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH)], Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kiermaier
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - M Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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10
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Veldkamp CT, Kiermaier E, Gabel-Eissens SJ, Gillitzer ML, Lippner DR, DiSilvio FA, Mueller CJ, Wantuch PL, Chaffee GR, Famiglietti MW, Zgoba DM, Bailey AA, Bah Y, Engebretson SJ, Graupner DR, Lackner ER, LaRosa VD, Medeiros T, Olson ML, Phillips AJ, Pyles H, Richard AM, Schoeller SJ, Touzeau B, Williams LG, Sixt M, Peterson FC. Solution Structure of CCL19 and Identification of Overlapping CCR7 and PSGL-1 Binding Sites. Biochemistry 2015; 54:4163-6. [PMID: 26115234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
CCL19 and CCL21 are chemokines involved in the trafficking of immune cells, particularly within the lymphatic system, through activation of CCR7. Concurrent expression of PSGL-1 and CCR7 in naive T-cells enhances recruitment of these cells to secondary lymphoid organs by CCL19 and CCL21. Here the solution structure of CCL19 is reported. It contains a canonical chemokine domain. Chemical shift mapping shows the N-termini of PSGL-1 and CCR7 have overlapping binding sites for CCL19 and binding is competitive. Implications for the mechanism of PSGL-1's enhancement of resting T-cell recruitment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Veldkamp
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States.,‡Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Eva Kiermaier
- §IST Austria (Institute for Science and Technology Austria), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Skylar J Gabel-Eissens
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Miranda L Gillitzer
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - David R Lippner
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Frank A DiSilvio
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Casey J Mueller
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Paeton L Wantuch
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Gary R Chaffee
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Michael W Famiglietti
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Danielle M Zgoba
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Asha A Bailey
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Yaya Bah
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Samantha J Engebretson
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - David R Graupner
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Emily R Lackner
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Vincent D LaRosa
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Tysha Medeiros
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Michael L Olson
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Andrew J Phillips
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Harley Pyles
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Amanda M Richard
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Scott J Schoeller
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Boris Touzeau
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Larry G Williams
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, 800 West Main Street, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, United States
| | - Michael Sixt
- §IST Austria (Institute for Science and Technology Austria), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Francis C Peterson
- ‡Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
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Molatore S, Kiermaier E, Jung CB, Lee M, Pulz E, Höfler H, Atkinson MJ, Pellegata NS. Characterization of a naturally-occurring p27 mutation predisposing to multiple endocrine tumors. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:116. [PMID: 20492666 PMCID: PMC2881881 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background p27Kip1 (p27) is an important negative regulator of the cell cycle and a putative tumor suppressor. The finding that a spontaneous germline frameshift mutation in Cdkn1b (encoding p27) causes the MENX multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome in the rat provided the first evidence that Cdkn1b is a tumor susceptibility gene for endocrine tumors. Noteworthy, germline p27 mutations were also identified in human patients presenting with endocrine tumors. At present, it is not clear which features of p27 are crucial for this tissue-specific tumor predisposition in both rats and humans. It was shown that the MENX-associated Cdkn1b mutation causes reduced expression of the encoded protein, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown. To better understand the role of p27 in tumor predisposition and to characterize the MENX animal model at the molecular level, a prerequisite for future preclinical studies, we set out to assess the functional properties of the MENX-associated p27 mutant protein (named p27fs177) in vitro and in vivo. Results In vitro, p27fs177 retains some properties of the wild-type p27 (p27wt) protein: it localizes to the nucleus; it interacts with cyclin-dependent kinases and, to lower extent, with cyclins. In contrast to p27wt, p27fs177 is highly unstable and rapidly degraded in every phase of the cell-cycle, including quiescence. It is in part degraded by Skp2-dependent proteasomal proteolysis, similarly to p27wt. Photobleaching studies showed reduced motility of p27fs177 in the nucleus compared to p27wt, suggesting that in this compartment p27fs177 is part of a multi-protein complex, likely together with the degradation machinery. Studies of primary rat newborn fibroblasts (RNF) established from normal and MENX-affected littermates confirmed the rapid degradation of p27fs177 in vivo which can be rescued by Bortezomib (proteasome inhibitor drug). Overexpression of the negative regulators microRNA-221/222 plays no role in regulating the amount of p27fs177 in RNFs and rat tissues. Conclusion Our findings show that reduced p27 levels, not newly acquired properties, trigger tumor formation in rats, similarly to what has been observed in mice. The molecular characteristics of p27fs177 establish MENX as a useful preclinical model to evaluate compounds that inhibit p27 degradation for their efficacy against endocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Molatore
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Kiermaier E, Woehrer S, Peng Y, Mechtler K, Westermann S. A Dam1-based artificial kinetochore is sufficient to promote chromosome segregation in budding yeast. Nat Cell Biol 2009; 11:1109-15. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kowarik M, Numao S, Feldman MF, Schulz BL, Callewaert N, Kiermaier E, Catrein I, Aebi M. N-linked glycosylation of folded proteins by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase. Science 2006; 314:1148-50. [PMID: 17110579 DOI: 10.1126/science.1134351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
N-linked protein glycosylation is found in all domains of life. In eukaryotes, it is the most abundant protein modification of secretory and membrane proteins, and the process is coupled to protein translocation and folding. We found that in bacteria, N-glycosylation can occur independently of the protein translocation machinery. In an in vitro assay, bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase glycosylated a folded endogenous substrate protein with high efficiency and folded bovine ribonuclease A with low efficiency. Unfolding the eukaryotic substrate greatly increased glycosylation. We propose that in the bacterial system, glycosylation sites are located in flexible parts of folded proteins, whereas the eukaryotic cotranslational glycosylation evolved to a mechanism presenting the substrate in a flexible form before folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kowarik
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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