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Drobysh M, Liustrovaite V, Kanetski Y, Brasiunas B, Zvirbliene A, Rimkute A, Gudas D, Kucinskaite-Kodze I, Simanavicius M, Ramanavicius S, Slibinskas R, Ciplys E, Plikusiene I, Ramanavicius A. Electrochemical biosensing based comparative study of monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168154. [PMID: 37923263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we are reporting an electrochemical biosensor for the determination of three different clones of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recombinant nucleocapsid protein (rN). The nucleocapsid protein was chosen as a system component identifying and discriminating antibodies that occur after virus infection instead of S protein used in serological tests to measure antibodies raised after vaccination and infection. The sensing platform was based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) covered with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and subsequently modified with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) to ensure the covalent immobilization of the rN. The interaction between the protein and three clones of mAbs against SARS-CoV-2 rN with clone numbers 4G6, 7F10, and 1A6, were electrochemically registered in the range of concentrations. Three techniques, cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and pulse amperometric detection (PAD) were used for the detection. A gradual change in the responses with an increase in mAbs concentration for all techniques was observed. To assess the performance of the developed electrochemical biosensor, 'complexation constant' (KC), limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated for all assessed clones of mAbs and all used techniques. Our results indicated that DPV possessing higher fitting accuracy illustrated more significant differences in KC constants and LOD/LOQ values. According to the DPV results, 7F10 clone was characterized with the highest KC value of 1.47 ± 0.07 μg/mL while the lowest LOD and LOQ values belonged to the 4G6 clone and equaled 0.08 ± 0.01 and 0.25 ± 0.01 μg/mL, respectively. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential of electrochemical techniques for the detection and distinguishing of different clones of mAbs against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryia Drobysh
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Viktorija Liustrovaite
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Yahor Kanetski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Benediktas Brasiunas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Zvirbliene
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agne Rimkute
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dainius Gudas
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Simonas Ramanavicius
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Evaldas Ciplys
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Plikusiene
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Gåsland H, Trier NH, Kyllesbech C, Draborg AH, Slibinskas R, Ciplys E, Frederiksen JL, Houen G. Antibodies to expanded virus antigen panels show elevated diagnostic sensitivities in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis. Immunol Lett 2023; 254:54-64. [PMID: 36764611 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
An antigen panel consisting of Epstein-Barr, measles, mumps, varicella zoster and rubella viruses (EMMRZ) was recently presented, which may aid in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to validate and extend the EMMRZ panel. Various candidates, such as Cytomegalovirus and John Cunningham virus were analysed in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and optic neuritis (ON) samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IgG levels were elevated in RRMS samples and correlations were found between serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels. Cohort-dependent optimized panels were obtained for RRMS and ON, which obtained the highest sensitivity when combined with the status of oligoclonal bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Gåsland
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens vej 13, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Nicole H Trier
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens vej 13, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Kyllesbech
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens vej 13, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Anette H Draborg
- Department of Autoimmunology, Statens Serum Institut, Ørestads boulevard 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Vilnius, Saulėtekio al. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Evaldas Ciplys
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Vilnius, Saulėtekio al. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jette L Frederiksen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens vej 13, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens vej 13, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; Department of Autoimmunology, Statens Serum Institut, Ørestads boulevard 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
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3
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Kyllesbech C, Trier N, Mughal F, Hansen P, Holmström M, El Fassi D, Hasselbalch H, Skov V, Kjær L, Andersen M, Ciplys E, Slibinskas R, Frederiksen J, Højrup P, Houen G. Antibodies to calnexin and mutated calreticulin are common in human sera. Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103380. [PMID: 36738659 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Calreticulin is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein, which is involved in protein folding and in peptide loading of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules together with its homolog calnexin. Mutated calreticulin is associated with a group of hemopoietic disorders, especially myeloproliferative neoplasms. Currently only the cellular immune response to mutated calreticulin has been described, although preliminary findings have indicated that antibodies to mutated calreticulin are not specific for myeloproliferative disorders. These findings have prompted us to characterize the humoral immune response to mutated calreticulin and its chaperone homologue calnexin. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed sera from myeloproliferative neoplasm patients, healthy donors and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients for the occurrence of autoantibodies to wild type and mutated calreticulin forms and to calnexin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Antibodies to mutated calreticulin and calnexin were present at similar levels in serum samples of myeloproliferative neoplasm and multiple sclerosis patients as well as healthy donors. Moreover, a high correlation between antibodies to mutated calreticulin and calnexin was seen for all patient and control groups. Epitope binding studies indicated that cross-reactive antibodies bound to a three-dimensional epitope encompassing a short linear sequence in the C-terminal of mutated calreticulin and calnexin. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings indicate that calreticulin mutations may be common and not necessarily lead to onset of myeloproliferative neoplasm, possibly due to elimination of cells with mutations. This, in turn, may suggest that additional molecular changes may be required for development of myeloproliferative neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kyllesbech
- Department of Neurology, Valdemar Hansens vej 23, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M, Denmark
| | - N Trier
- Department of Neurology, Valdemar Hansens vej 23, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - F Mughal
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - P Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - M Holmström
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 25C, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D El Fassi
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - H Hasselbalch
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Sygehusvej 10, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - V Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Sygehusvej 10, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - L Kjær
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Sygehusvej 10, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - M Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Ciplys
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Vilnius, Sauletékio al. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - R Slibinskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Vilnius, Sauletékio al. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - J Frederiksen
- Department of Neurology, Valdemar Hansens vej 23, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - P Højrup
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M, Denmark
| | - G Houen
- Department of Neurology, Valdemar Hansens vej 23, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M, Denmark.
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Drobysh M, Liustrovaite V, Baradoke A, Rucinskiene A, Ramanaviciene A, Ratautaite V, Viter R, Chen CF, Plikusiene I, Samukaite-Bubniene U, Slibinskas R, Ciplys E, Simanavicius M, Zvirbliene A, Kucinskaite-Kodze I, Ramanavicius A. Electrochemical Determination of Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Specific Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126768. [PMID: 35743208 PMCID: PMC9223850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The serologic diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the evaluation of vaccination effectiveness are identified by the presence of antibodies specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this paper, we present the electrochemical-based biosensing technique for the detection of antibodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (rSpike) were immobilised on the surface of a gold electrode modified by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). This modified electrode was used as a sensitive element for the detection of polyclonal mouse antibodies against the rSpike (anti-rSpike). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to observe the formation of immunocomplexes while cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used for additional analysis of the surface modifications. It was revealed that the impedimetric method and the elaborate experimental conditions are appropriate for the further development of electrochemical biosensors for the serological diagnosis of COVID-19 and/or the confirmation of successful vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryia Drobysh
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Viktorija Liustrovaite
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
| | - Ausra Baradoke
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Alma Rucinskiene
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
- State Research Institute Center of Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Ratautaite
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Roman Viter
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
- Center for Collective Use of Research Equipment, Sumy State University, 40000 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan;
| | - Ieva Plikusiene
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
| | - Urte Samukaite-Bubniene
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.S.); (E.C.); (M.S.); (A.Z.); (I.K.-K.)
| | - Evaldas Ciplys
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.S.); (E.C.); (M.S.); (A.Z.); (I.K.-K.)
| | - Martynas Simanavicius
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.S.); (E.C.); (M.S.); (A.Z.); (I.K.-K.)
| | - Aurelija Zvirbliene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.S.); (E.C.); (M.S.); (A.Z.); (I.K.-K.)
| | - Indre Kucinskaite-Kodze
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.S.); (E.C.); (M.S.); (A.Z.); (I.K.-K.)
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +37-060-032-332
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Drobysh M, Liustrovaite V, Baradoke A, Rucinskiene A, Ramanaviciene A, Ratautaite V, Viter R, Chen CF, Plikusiene I, Samukaite-Bubniene U, Slibinskas R, Ciplys E, Simanavicius M, Zvirbliene A, Kucinskaite-Kodze I, Ramanavicius A. Electrochemical Determination of Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Specific Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2022. [PMID: 35743208 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac5d91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The serologic diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the evaluation of vaccination effectiveness are identified by the presence of antibodies specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this paper, we present the electrochemical-based biosensing technique for the detection of antibodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (rSpike) were immobilised on the surface of a gold electrode modified by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). This modified electrode was used as a sensitive element for the detection of polyclonal mouse antibodies against the rSpike (anti-rSpike). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to observe the formation of immunocomplexes while cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used for additional analysis of the surface modifications. It was revealed that the impedimetric method and the elaborate experimental conditions are appropriate for the further development of electrochemical biosensors for the serological diagnosis of COVID-19 and/or the confirmation of successful vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryia Drobysh
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Viktorija Liustrovaite
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ausra Baradoke
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alma Rucinskiene
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center of Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Ratautaite
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Roman Viter
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Center for Collective Use of Research Equipment, Sumy State University, 40000 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Ieva Plikusiene
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Urte Samukaite-Bubniene
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Evaldas Ciplys
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Martynas Simanavicius
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Zvirbliene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Indre Kucinskaite-Kodze
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Trier NH, Valdarnini N, Fanelli I, Rovero P, Hansen PR, Schafer-Nielsen C, Ciplys E, Slibinskas R, Pociot F, Friis T, Houen G. Peptide Antibody Reactivity to Homologous Regions in Glutamate Decarboxylase Isoforms and Coxsackievirus B4 P2C. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084424. [PMID: 35457242 PMCID: PMC9028130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Two isoforms of the glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) enzyme exist, GAD65 and GAD67, which are associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and stiff-person syndrome (SPS), respectively. Interestingly, it has been reported that T1D patients seldom develop SPS, whereas patients with SPS occasionally develop T1D. In addition, coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) has previously been proposed to be involved in the onset of T1D through molecular mimicry. On this basis, we aimed to examine antibody cross-reactivity between a specific region of GAD65 and GAD67, which has high sequence homology to the nonstructural P2C protein of CVB4 to determine potential correlations at antibody level. Monoclonal peptide antibodies generated in mice specific for a region with high similarity in all three proteins were screened for reactivity along with human sera in immunoassays. In total, six antibodies were generated. Two of the antibodies reacted to both GAD isoforms. However, none of the antibodies were cross-reactive to CVB, suggesting that antibody cross-reactivity between GAD65 and CVB, and GAD67 and CVB may not contribute to the onset of T1D and SPS, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hartwig Trier
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens vej 13, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Correspondence: (N.H.T.); (G.H.)
| | - Niccolo Valdarnini
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (N.V.); (I.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Ilaria Fanelli
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (N.V.); (I.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (N.V.); (I.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Paul Robert Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | | | - Evaldas Ciplys
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Steno Diabetes Center, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Hellerup, Denmark;
| | - Tina Friis
- Department of Autoimmunity and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens vej 13, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence: (N.H.T.); (G.H.)
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Kyllesbech C, Trier N, Slibinskas R, Ciplys E, Tsakiri A, Frederiksen J, Houen G. Virus-specific antibody indices may supplement the total IgG index in diagnostics of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 367:577868. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bergmann AC, Kyllesbech C, Slibinskas R, Ciplys E, Højrup P, Trier NH, Houen G. Epitope Mapping of Monoclonal Antibodies to Calreticulin Reveals That Charged Amino Acids Are Essential for Antibody Binding. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:antib10030031. [PMID: 34449535 PMCID: PMC8395503 DOI: 10.3390/antib10030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin is a chaperone protein, which is associated with myeloproliferative diseases. In this study, we used resin-bound peptides to characterize two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed to calreticulin, mAb FMC 75 and mAb 16, which both have significantly contributed to understanding the biological function of calreticulin. The antigenicity of the resin-bound peptides was determined by modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specific binding was determined to an 8-mer epitope located in the N-terminal (amino acids 34–41) and to a 12-mer peptide located in the C-terminal (amino acids 362–373). Using truncated peptides, the epitopes were identified as TSRWIESK and DEEQRLKEEED for mAb FMC 75 and mAb 16, respectively, where, especially the charged amino acids, were found to have a central role for a stable binding. Further studies indicated that the epitope of mAb FMC 75 is assessable in the oligomeric structure of calreticulin, making this epitope a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilie Kyllesbech
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark;
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Vilnius, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Evaldas Ciplys
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Vilnius, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Peter Højrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Nicole Hartwig Trier
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark;
- Correspondence: (N.H.T.); (G.H.)
| | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
- Correspondence: (N.H.T.); (G.H.)
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Houen G, Heiden J, Trier NH, Draborg AH, Benros ME, Zinkevičiūtė R, Petraitytė-Burneikienė R, Ciplys E, Slibinskas R, Frederiksen JL. Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus and neurotropic viruses in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 346:577314. [PMID: 32682138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody indices to Measles, Mumps, Varicella Zoster (MRZ) are of diagnostic value in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we have investigated, if this panel could be extended to increase diagnostic value. Samples from relapsing-remitting (RR) MS and optic neuritis (ON) patients were tested for reactivity to antigens from Epstein-Barr, Varicella Zoster, Measles, Mumps and Rubella (EMMRZ) viruses. Increased IgG levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were found in RRMS patients, along with a significant correlation between serum and CSF. The sensitivity of the EMMRZ panel was increased approximately 40% compared to the MRZ panel, suggesting that the EMMRZ panel may be useful in MS and ON diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Houen
- Department of Autoimmunology, Statens Serum Institut, Ørestads Boulevard 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens vej 13, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Julie Heiden
- Department of Autoimmunology, Statens Serum Institut, Ørestads Boulevard 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens vej 13, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Nicole H Trier
- Department of Autoimmunology, Statens Serum Institut, Ørestads Boulevard 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens vej 13, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anette H Draborg
- Department of Autoimmunology, Statens Serum Institut, Ørestads Boulevard 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Michael E Benros
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rūta Zinkevičiūtė
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Vilnius, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Evaldas Ciplys
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Vilnius, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Vilnius, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jette L Frederiksen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens vej 13, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark.
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Trier NH, Güven E, Skogstrand K, Ciplys E, Slibinskas R, Houen G. Comparison of immunological adjuvants. APMIS 2019; 127:635-641. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole H. Trier
- Department of Autoimmunology Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen S Denmark
| | - Esin Güven
- Department of Autoimmunology Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen S Denmark
| | - Kristin Skogstrand
- Department of Congenital Diseases Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen S Denmark
| | - Evaldas Ciplys
- Institute of Biotechnology University of Vilnius Vilnius Lithuania
| | | | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Autoimmunology Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen S Denmark
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Ciplys E, Samuel D, Juozapaitis M, Sasnauskas K, Slibinskas R. Overexpression of human virus surface glycoprotein precursors induces cytosolic unfolded protein response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10:37. [PMID: 21595909 PMCID: PMC3120639 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of human virus surface proteins, as well as other mammalian glycoproteins, is much more efficient in cells of higher eukaryotes rather than yeasts. The limitations to high-level expression of active viral surface glycoproteins in yeast are not well understood. To identify possible bottlenecks we performed a detailed study on overexpression of recombinant mumps hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (MuHN) and measles hemagglutinin (MeH) in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, combining the analysis of recombinant proteins with a proteomic approach. Results Overexpressed recombinant MuHN and MeH proteins were present in large aggregates, were inactive and totally insoluble under native conditions. Moreover, the majority of recombinant protein was found in immature form of non-glycosylated precursors. Fractionation of yeast lysates revealed that the core of viral surface protein aggregates consists of MuHN or MeH disulfide-linked multimers involving eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) and is closely associated with small heat shock proteins (sHsps) that can be removed only under denaturing conditions. Complexes of large Hsps seem to be bound to aggregate core peripherally as they can be easily removed at high salt concentrations. Proteomic analysis revealed that the accumulation of unglycosylated viral protein precursors results in specific cytosolic unfolded protein response (UPR-Cyto) in yeast cells, characterized by different action and regulation of small Hsps versus large chaperones of Hsp70, Hsp90 and Hsp110 families. In contrast to most environmental stresses, in the response to synthesis of recombinant MuHN and MeH, only the large Hsps were upregulated whereas sHsps were not. Interestingly, the amount of eEF1A was also increased during this stress response. Conclusions Inefficient translocation of MuHN and MeH precursors through ER membrane is a bottleneck for high-level expression in yeast. Overexpression of these recombinant proteins induces the UPR's cytosolic counterpart, the UPR-Cyto, which represent a subset of proteins involved in the heat-shock response. The involvement of eEF1A may explain the mechanism by which only large chaperones, but not small Hsps are upregulated during this stress response. Our study highlights important differences between viral surface protein expression in yeast and mammalian cells at the first stage of secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaldas Ciplys
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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