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Kokot A, Gadakh S, Saha I, Gajda E, Łaźniewski M, Rakshit S, Sengupta K, Mollah AF, Denkiewicz M, Górczak K, Claesen J, Burzykowski T, Plewczynski D. Unveiling the Molecular Mechanism of Trastuzumab Resistance in SKBR3 and BT474 Cell Lines for HER2 Positive Breast Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2713-2740. [PMID: 38534787 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
HER2-positive breast cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer among women worldwide. Generally, the molecular characteristics of this breast cancer include activation of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) and hormone receptor activation. HER2-positive is associated with a higher death rate, which led to the development of a monoclonal antibody called trastuzumab, specifically targeting HER2. The success rate of HER2-positive breast cancer treatment has been increased; however, drug resistance remains a challenge. This fact motivated us to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance. For this purpose, a two-fold approach was taken by considering well-known breast cancer cell lines SKBR3 and BT474. In the first fold, trastuzumab treatment doses were optimized separately for both cell lines. This was done based on the proliferation rate of cells in response to a wide variety of medication dosages. Thereafter, each cell line was cultivated with a steady dosage of herceptin for several months. During this period, six time points were selected for further in vitro analysis, ranging from the untreated cell line at the beginning to a fully resistant cell line at the end of the experiment. In the second fold, nucleic acids were extracted for further high throughput-based microarray experiments of gene and microRNA expression. Such expression data were further analyzed in order to infer the molecular mechanisms involved in the underlying development of trastuzumab resistance. In the list of differentially expressed genes and miRNAs, multiple genes (e.g., BIRC5, E2F1, TFRC, and USP1) and miRNAs (e.g., hsa miR 574 3p, hsa miR 4530, and hsa miR 197 3p) responsible for trastuzumab resistance were found. Downstream analysis showed that TFRC, E2F1, and USP1 were also targeted by hsa-miR-8485. Moreover, it indicated that miR-4701-5p was highly expressed as compared to TFRC in the SKBR3 cell line. These results unveil key genes and miRNAs as molecular regulators for trastuzumab resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kokot
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Sachin Gadakh
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Indrajit Saha
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technical Teachers' Training and Research, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Ewa Gajda
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michał Łaźniewski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Somnath Rakshit
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Kaustav Sengupta
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Michał Denkiewicz
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Górczak
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Claesen
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Burzykowski
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
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Mielecki D, Gajda E, Sikorska J, Betkowska A, Rozwadowski M, Gawel AM, Kulecka M, Zeber-Lubecka N, Godlewska M, Gawel D. Resolving the role of podoplanin in the motility of papillary thyroid carcinoma-derived cells using RNA sequencing. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3810-3826. [PMID: 37560122 PMCID: PMC10407544 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular level of podoplanin (PDPN), a transmembrane protein of still unclear function, is frequently altered in metastatic tumors. High expression of PDPN is frequently observed in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) specimens. Similarly, PTC-derived cell lines (BCPAP and TPC1, harboring the BRAF V600E mutation and RET/PTC1 fusion, respectively), also present enhanced PDPN yield. We previously reported that depletion of PDPN impairs migration of TPC1 cells, but augments metastasis of BCPAP cells. Interestingly, this phenomenon stays in contrast to the migratory pattern observed for wild-type cells, where TPC1 exhibited higher motility than BCPAP cells. Here, we aimed to elucidate the potential role of PDPN in regulation of molecular mechanisms leading to the diverse metastatic features of the studied PTC-derived cells. We consider that this phenomenon may be caused by alternative regulation of signaling pathways due to the presence of the mutated BRAF allele or RET/PTC1 fusion. The high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technique was used to uncover the genes and signaling pathways affected in wild-type and PDPN-depleted TPC1 and BCPAP cells. We found that changes in the expression of various factors of signaling pathways, like RHOA and RAC1 GTPases and their regulators, are linked with both high PDPN levels and presence of the BRAF V600E mutation. We imply that the suppressed motility of wild-type BCPAP cells results from overactivation of RHOA through natively high PDPN expression. This process is accompanied by inhibition of the PI3K kinase and consequently RAC1, due to overactivation of RAS-mediated signaling and the PTEN regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Mielecki
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Gajda
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Sikorska
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Betkowska
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Rozwadowski
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata M. Gawel
- Medical University of Warsaw, Histology and Embryology Students Science Association at the Department for Histology and Embryology, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Zeber-Lubecka
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Gawel
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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Gajda E, Krzowski Ł, Kowalczuk K, Pabin A, Maculewicz E. Influence of mosquito-borne biological agents on health risks among soldiers and military personnel. Ann Agric Environ Med 2023; 30:2-8. [PMID: 36999849 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/155003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Mosquitoes are the most important vector group for humans, and three genera - Aedes, Anopheles and Culex, are of greatest significance in the transmission of pathogens to humans and animals. The geographical expansion of vectors can lead to the spread diseases into new regions. Soldiers exercise in the field, participate in missions, or are stationed in Military Contingents located in different climatic conditions, which is directly related to exposure to mosquitoborne diseases. OBJECTIVE The aim is to describe the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of selected pathogens of medical and epidemiological importance, which pose a new threat in Europe, pointing to soldiers and other military personnel as particularly vulnerable occupational groups. REVIEW METHODS PubMed and other online resources and publications were searched to evaluate scientific relevance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE. In recent years in Europe, attention has been drawn to emerging infectious diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, including malaria, Dengue fever, West Nile fever and Chikungunya fever. West Nile virus infections were recorded in many European countries, including Greece, Italy, Germany and Austria. Soldiers, due to their tasks, are particularly vulnerable to vector-borne diseases. In order to reduce the exposure of soldiers to mosquito-borne diseases various protection measures are used. SUMMARY Some of vector-borne diseases belong to emerging infectious diseases and may pose a threat to public health. The burden on soldiers with these diseases can be significant, which is the reason why methods of surveillance and the control of vectors are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gajda
- Preventive Medicine Division, Epidemiological Response Centre of The Polish Armed Forces, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Krzowski
- Biodefence Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Agata Pabin
- Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Maculewicz
- Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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Bartkowiak A, Nazaruk E, Gajda E, Godlewska M, Gaweł D, Jabłonowska E, Bilewicz R. Simvastatin Coadministration Modulates the Electrostatically Driven Incorporation of Doxorubicin into Model Lipid and Cell Membranes. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4354-4364. [PMID: 36173110 PMCID: PMC9554873 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Understanding the interactions between drugs and lipid
membranes
is a prerequisite for finding the optimal way to deliver drugs into
cells. Coadministration of statins and anticancer agents has been
reported to have a positive effect on anticancer therapy. In this
study, we elucidate the mechanism by which simvastatin (SIM) improves
the efficiency of biological membrane penetration by the chemotherapeutic
agent doxorubicin (DOX) in neutral and slightly acidic solutions.
The incorporation of DOX, SIM, or a combination of them (DOX:SIM)
into selected single-component lipid membranes, zwitterionic unsaturated
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(POPC), neutral cholesterol, and negatively charged 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (DMPS) was assessed
using the Langmuir method. The penetration of neutral lipid monolayers
by the codelivery of SIM and DOX was clearly facilitated at pH 5.5,
which resembles the pH conditions of the environment of cancer cells.
This effect was ascribed to partial neutralization of the DOX positive
charge as the result of intermolecular interactions between DOX and
SIM. On the other hand, the penetration of the negatively charged
DMPS monolayer was most efficient in the case of the positively charged
DOX. The efficiency of the drug delivery to the cell membranes was
evaluated under in vitro conditions using a panel
of cancer-derived cell lines (A172, T98G, and HeLa). MTS and trypan
blue exclusion assays were performed, followed by confocal microscopy
and spheroid culture tests. Cells were exposed to either free drugs
or drugs encapsulated in lipid carriers termed cubosomes. We demonstrated
that the viability of cancer cells exposed to DOX was significantly
impaired in the presence of SIM, and this phenomenon was greatly magnified
when DOX and SIM were coencapsulated in cubosomes. Overall, our results
confirmed the utility of the DOX:SIM combination delivery, which enhances
the interactions between neutral components of cell membranes and
positively charged chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Nazaruk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Gajda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Gaweł
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Renata Bilewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02093 Warsaw, Poland
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Grzanka M, Stachurska-Skrodzka A, Adamiok-Ostrowska A, Gajda E, Czarnocka B. Extracellular Vesicles as Signal Carriers in Malignant Thyroid Tumors? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063262. [PMID: 35328683 PMCID: PMC8955189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membranous structures involved in intercellular communication. Here, we analyzed the effects of thyroid cancer-derived EVs on the properties of normal thyroid cells and cells contributing to the tumor microenvironment. EVs isolated from thyroid cancer cell lines (CGTH, FTC-133, 8505c, TPC-1 and BcPAP) were used for treatment of normal thyroid cells (NTHY), as well as monocytes and endothelial cells (HUVEC). EVs' size/number were analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Gene expression, protein level and localization were investigated by qRT-PCR, WB and ICC/IF, respectively. Proliferation, migration and tube formation were analyzed. When compared with NTHY, CGTH and BcPAP secreted significantly more EVs. Treatment of NTHY with cancer-derived EVs changed the expression of tetraspanin genes, but did not affect proliferation and migration. Cancer-derived EVs suppressed tube formation by endothelial cells and did not affect the phagocytic index of monocytes. The number of 6 μm size fraction of cancer-derived EVs correlated negatively with the CD63 and CD81 expression in NTHY cells, as well as positively with angiogenesis in vitro. Thyroid cancer-derived EVs can affect the expression of tetraspanins in normal thyroid cells. It is possible that 6 μm EVs contribute to the regulation of NTHY gene expression and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Grzanka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.A.-O.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (B.C.)
| | - Anna Stachurska-Skrodzka
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Adamiok-Ostrowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.A.-O.); (E.G.)
| | - Ewa Gajda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.A.-O.); (E.G.)
| | - Barbara Czarnocka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.A.-O.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (B.C.)
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Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common human autoimmune disease. The two major clinical manifestations of AITD are Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). AITD is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland, leading either to follicular cell damage, thyroid gland destruction, and development of hypothyroidism (in HT) or thyroid hyperplasia, induced by thyroid antibodies which activate thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) on thyrocytes, leading to hyperthyroidism. The aim of this review is to present up-to-date picture of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie the pathology of AITD. Based on studies involving patients, animal AITD models, and thyroid cell lines, we discuss the key events leading to the loss of immune tolerance to thyroid autoantigens as well as the signaling cascades leading to the destruction of thyroid gland. Special focus is given on the interplay between the environmental and genetic factors, as well as ncRNAs and microbiome contributing to AITD development. In particular, we describe mechanistic models by which SNPs in genes involved in immune regulation and thyroid function, such as CD40, TSHR, FLT3, and PTPN22, underlie AITD predisposition. The clinical significance of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers based on ncRNAs and microbiome composition is also underscored. Finally, we discuss the possible significance of probiotic supplementation on thyroid function in AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bogusławska
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Gajda
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence should be addressed to A Piekiełko-Witkowska:
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Gaweł AM, Ratajczak M, Gajda E, Grzanka M, Paziewska A, Cieślicka M, Kulecka M, Oczko-Wojciechowska M, Godlewska M. Analysis of the Role of FRMD5 in the Biology of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6726. [PMID: 34201607 PMCID: PMC8268710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is the most common endocrine system malignancy, and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for >80% of all TC cases. Nevertheless, PTC pathogenesis is still not fully understood. The aim of the study was to elucidate the role of the FRMD5 protein in the regulation of biological pathways associated with the development of PTC. We imply that the presence of certain genetic aberrations (e.g., BRAF V600E mutation) is associated with the activity of FRMD5. METHODS The studies were conducted on TPC1 and BCPAP (BRAF V600E) model PTC-derived cells. Transfection with siRNA was used to deplete the expression of FRMD5. The mRNA expression and protein yield were evaluated using RT-qPCR and Western blot techniques. Proliferation, migration, invasiveness, adhesion, spheroid formation, and survival tests were performed. RNA sequencing and phospho-kinase proteome profiling were used to assess signaling pathways associated with the FRMD5 expressional status. RESULTS The obtained data indicate that the expression of FRMD5 is significantly enhanced in BRAF V600E tumor specimens and cells. It was observed that a drop in intracellular yield of FRMD5 results in significant alternations in the migration, invasiveness, adhesion, and spheroid formation potential of PTC-derived cells. Importantly, significant divergences in the effect of FRMD5 depletion in both BRAF-wt and BRAF-mutated PTC cells were observed. It was also found that knockdown of FRMD5 significantly alters the expression of multidrug resistant genes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report highlighting the importance of the FRMD5 protein in the biology of PTCs. The results suggest that the FRMD5 protein can play an important role in controlling the metastatic potential and multidrug resistance of thyroid tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata M. Gaweł
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.G.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Histology and Embryology Students’ Science Association HESA, Chałubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Ratajczak
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Endocrinology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Gajda
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Immunohematology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Grzanka
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.); (M.K.)
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Neuroendocrinology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Cieślicka
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (M.C.); (M.O.-W.)
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Oczko-Wojciechowska
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (M.C.); (M.O.-W.)
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.G.); (M.G.)
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Gajda E, Godlewska M, Mariak Z, Nazaruk E, Gawel D. Combinatory Treatment with miR-7-5p and Drug-Loaded Cubosomes Effectively Impairs Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5039. [PMID: 32708846 PMCID: PMC7404280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance (MDR) is an emerging problem in the treatment of cancer. Therefore, there is a necessity for novel strategies that would sensitize tumor cells to the administered chemotherapeutics. One of the innovative approaches in fighting drug-resistant tumors is the treatment of cancer with microRNA (miRNA), or the use of cubosomes (lipid nanoparticles) loaded with drugs. Here, we present a study on a novel approach, which combines both tools. METHODS Cubosomes loaded with miR-7-5p and chemotherapeutics were developed. The effects of drug- and miRNA-loaded vehicles on glioma- (A172, T98G), papillary thyroid- (TPC-1) and cervical carcinoma-derived (HeLa) cells were analyzed using molecular biology techniques, including quantitative real-time PCR, MTS-based cell proliferation test, flow cytometry and spheroids formation assay. RESULTS The obtained data indicate that miR-7-5p increases the sensitivity of the tested cells to the drug, and that nanoparticles loaded with both miRNA and the drug produce a greater anti-tumor effect in comparison to the free drug treatment. It was found that an increased level of apoptosis in the drug/miRNA co-treated cells is accompanied by an alternation in the expression of the genes encoding for key MDR proteins of the ABC family. CONCLUSIONS Overall, co-administration of miR-7-5p with a chemotherapeutic can be considered a promising strategy, leading to reduced MDR and the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gajda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Zenon Mariak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Ewa Nazaruk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Damian Gawel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Immunohematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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Lee SH, No JS, Kim WK, Gajda E, Perec-Matysiak A, Kim JA, Hildebrand J, Yanagihara R, Song JW. Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Orthohantaviruses in Small Mammals in Western Poland. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:193-199. [PMID: 32314690 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses are negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses harbored by multiple small mammals. Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV) and Puumala virus (PUUV) cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Europe. In Poland, serological surveys have demonstrated antibodies against DOBV and PUUV in patients with HFRS. Molecular evidence of DOBV and PUUV has been found in Apodemus flavicollis and Myodes glareolus, respectively, in southeastern Poland, and Seewis virus (SWSV) has been reported in Sorex araneus in central Poland. However, data on the geographic distribution and phylogeny of orthohantaviruses are unavailable for other regions in Poland. To ascertain the prevalence and genetic diversity of orthohantaviruses in western and northern Poland, lung tissues from 106 small mammals were analyzed for the presence of orthohantavirus RNA. DOBV and SWSV were detected in two of 42 (4.8%) Apodemus agrarius and in three of 10 (30%) S. araneus, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of partial L- and S-segment sequences of DOBV indicated a shared genetic lineage with the Kurkino genotype from Slovakia, Russia, and Hungary, whereas the partial M segment of DOBV clustered with the Kurkino genotype from Germany. Phylogenetic relationships of the SWSV L and S segments showed a geographic lineage with SWSV strains from central Poland, Czech Republic, and Germany. In conclusion, the study provides insights into the molecular prevalence, phylogenetic diversity, and evolutionary relationship of DOBV in A. agrarius and SWSV in S. araneus. This report increases awareness among physicians for HFRS outbreaks in western Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ho Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun No
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Kim
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ewa Gajda
- Department of Parasitology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Jeong-Ah Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Richard Yanagihara
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Gajda E, Hildebrand J, Sprong H, Buńkowska-Gawlik K, Perec-Matysiak A, Coipan EC. Spotted fever rickettsiae in wild-living rodents from south-western Poland. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:413. [PMID: 28874204 PMCID: PMC5585920 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rickettsiae are obligate intracellular alpha-proteobacteria. They are transmitted via arthropod vectors, which transmit the bacteria between animals and occasionally to humans. So far, much research has been conducted to indicate reservoir hosts for these microorganisms, but our knowledge is still non-exhaustive. Therefore, this survey was undertaken to investigate the presence of Rickettsia spp. in wild-living small rodents from south-western Poland. RESULTS In total, 337 samples (193 from spleen and 144 from blood) obtained from 193 wild-living rodents: Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus flavicollis, and Myodes glareolus were tested by qPCR for Rickettsia spp. based on a fragment of gltA gene. The prevalence of infection was 17.6% (34/193). Subsequently, the positive samples were analysed by conventional PCR targeting the gltA gene fragment. The genus Rickettsia was confirmed by sequence analysis in four samples from the blood. In two blood samples from A. agrarius, the identified pathogen was Rickettsia helvetica. The Rickettsia obtained from A. flavicollis was assigned to Rickettsia felis-like organisms group. One isolate from A. agrarius could be determined only to the genus level. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the presence of Rickettsia DNA in tissues of wild-living rodents, suggesting some potential role of these animals in temporarily maintaining and spreading the bacteria in enzootic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gajda
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77 Str, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Hildebrand
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77 Str, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Hein Sprong
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Buńkowska-Gawlik
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77 Str, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Perec-Matysiak
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77 Str, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elena Claudia Coipan
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Lysozyme (LZ, muramidase, N-acetylmuramylhydrolase) is a protein occuring in animals, plants, bacteria and viruses. It can be found e.g. in granules of neutrophils, macrophages and in serum, saliva, milk, honey and hen egg white. The enzyme hydrolyzes the β-1,4 glycosidic bonds between N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) of cell wall peptidoglycan (PG) in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In the animal kingdom, three muramidase types have been identified: the c-type (chicken type), the g-type (goose-type) and the i-type (invertebrates). The c-type LZ from hen egg white is a model for the study of protein structure and function. Muramidase shows bactericidal activity mainly against Gram-positive bacteria. Cytolytic activity against cells of Gram-negative bacteria has not been proved. Bacterial cells have developed defense mechanisms that allow them to avoid the action of LZ. They are based e.g. on the production of enzyme inhibitors or modification of the PG. LZ is one of the most studied enzymes and yet not all aspects characterizing this protein are fully understood. One of the most important unresolved issues concerning the biological function of LZ is the role of muramidase in the bactericidal action of serum against Gram-negative bacteria. In order to clarify the function of LZ, the enzyme is e.g. removed from the serum by adsorption onto bentonite (montmorillonite, MMT). By using X-ray diffraction techniques it has been shown that MMT after contact with the serum is delaminated. The problems associated with folding of muramidase and LZ participation in the development of amyloidoses also await explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gajda
- Zakład Parazytologii, Instytut Genetyki i Mikrobiologii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski
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Kuźmicki R, Gajda E, Switalska-Kowalewska E. [2 cases of Clonorchis sinensis infection with associated infestation with other parasites]. Wiad Lek 1966; 19:325-8. [PMID: 5946944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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