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Zhang B, Podkorytova I, Hays R, Perven G, Agostini M, Harvey J, Zepeda R, Alick-Lindstrom S, Dieppa M, Doyle A, Das R, Lega B, Ding K. Stereo-electroencephalographic seizure localization in patients with mesial temporal sclerosis: A single center experience. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2024; 9:106-111. [PMID: 38516616 PMCID: PMC10955192 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Epilepsy patients with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) on imaging who are drug-resistant usually undergo epilepsy surgery without previous invasive evaluation. However, up to one-third of patients are not seizure-free after surgery. Prior studies have identified risk factors for surgical failure, but it is unclear if they are associated with bilateral or discordant seizure onset. Methods In this retrospective case series, we identified 17 epilepsy patients who had MRI-confirmed MTS but received invasive stereo-EEG (SEEG) evaluation before definitive intervention. We analyzed their presurgical risk factors in relation to SEEG seizure onset localization and MRI/SEEG concordance. Results SEEG ictal onset was concordant with MTS localization (i.e. seizures started only from the hippocampus with MTS) in 5 out of 13 patients with unilateral MTS (UMTS) and in 3 out of 4 patients with bilateral MTS.No statistically significant association regarding concordance of SEEG ictal onset and MTS location was found in patients with such risk factors as a history of non-mesial temporal aura, frequent focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, prior viral brain infection, or family history of epilepsy. Nine out of 13 UMTS patients had resective surgery only, 5 out of 9 (56 %) have Engel class I outcome at most recent follow-up (median 46.5 months, range 22-91 months). In Engel class I cohort, the SEEG ictal onset was concordant with MTS location in 3 out of 5 patients, and 2 patients had ipsilateral temporal neocortical ictal onset. Conclusions Our findings suggest that patients with MTS might have discordant SEEG ictal onset (in 61.5% patients with UMTS in presented cohort), which may explain poor surgical outcome after destructive surgery in these cases. Significance Although no statistically significant association was found in this under-powered study, these findings could be potentially valuable for future meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Zhang
- UT Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Irina Podkorytova
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ryan Hays
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ghazala Perven
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mark Agostini
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jay Harvey
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rodrigo Zepeda
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sasha Alick-Lindstrom
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Marisara Dieppa
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Alex Doyle
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rohit Das
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bradley Lega
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kan Ding
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Krishna CK, Schmidt N, Tippler BG, Schliebs W, Jung M, Winklhofer KF, Erdmann R, Kalel VC. Molecular basis of the glycosomal targeting of PEX11 and its mislocalization to mitochondrion in trypanosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1213761. [PMID: 37664461 PMCID: PMC10469627 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1213761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PEX19 binding sites are essential parts of the targeting signals of peroxisomal membrane proteins (mPTS). In this study, we characterized PEX19 binding sites of PEX11, the most abundant peroxisomal and glycosomal membrane protein from Trypanosoma brucei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. TbPEX11 contains two PEX19 binding sites, one close to the N-terminus (BS1) and a second in proximity to the first transmembrane domain (BS2). The N-terminal BS1 is highly conserved across different organisms and is required for maintenance of the steady-state concentration and efficient targeting to peroxisomes and glycosomes in both baker's yeast and Trypanosoma brucei. The second PEX19 binding site in TbPEX11 is essential for its glycosomal localization. Deletion or mutations of the PEX19 binding sites in TbPEX11 or ScPEX11 results in mislocalization of the proteins to mitochondria. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that the N-terminal region of TbPEX11 contains an amphiphilic helix and several putative TOM20 recognition motifs. We show that the extreme N-terminal region of TbPEX11 contains a cryptic N-terminal signal that directs PEX11 to the mitochondrion if its glycosomal transport is blocked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethan K. Krishna
- Department of Systems Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadine Schmidt
- Department of Systems Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bettina G. Tippler
- Department of Systems Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schliebs
- Department of Systems Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Jung
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Konstanze F. Winklhofer
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Erdmann
- Department of Systems Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Vishal C. Kalel
- Department of Systems Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Sousa E, Abreu M, Tkachenko N, Rocha J, Falcão Reis C. Case report: Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome: hearing impairment as the onset of an insidious disorder with high recurrence risk. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1161940. [PMID: 37325222 PMCID: PMC10267341 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1161940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome (MTS) is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by TIMM8A loss of function. It is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss in childhood, progressive optic atrophy in early adulthood, early onset dementia and psychiatric symptoms of variable expressivity. We present a family with 4 affected males, explore age-related and interfamilial variability and review the literature. Case report A 31 years-old male developed psychiatric symptoms at age 18 and presented early onset dementia. Sensorineural hearing loss had been diagnosed in childhood. At 28yo, he developed dysarthria, dysphonia, dysmetria, limb hyperreflexia, dystonia, and spasticity following an acute encephalopathic crisis. WES revealed a hemizygous novel likely pathogenic variant in TIMM8A, c.45_61dup p.(His21Argfs*11), establishing the diagnosis of MTS. Genetic counseling of the family allowed the diagnosis of three other symptomatic relatives -3 nephews (11yo and two 6yo twins), children of a carrier sister. The oldest nephew had been followed since 4yo due to speech delay. Sensorineural hearing loss was diagnosed at 9yo, and hearing aids were prescribed. The two other nephews were monozygotic twins, and both had unilateral strabismus. One of the twins had macrocephaly and hypoplasia of the anterior temporal lobe, as disclosed by an MRI performed due to febrile seizures. Both had developmental delays, with the language being the most affected area. Their audiograms confirmed hearing loss. All three nephews were hemizygous for the familial TIMM8A variant. Discussion Hearing loss, an early sign of MTS due to auditory neuropathy, can often be overlooked until more severe features of the disorder manifest. Recurrence risk is high for female carriers, and reproductive options should be offered. Early monitoring of hearing and vision loss and neurological impairment in MTS patients is mandatory since early interventions may positively impact their development. This family showcases the importance of performing a timely etiological investigation of hearing loss and its impact on genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulalia Sousa
- Pediatrics Department, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Maria Abreu
- Medical Genetics Unit, Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto Magalhães, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nataliya Tkachenko
- Medical Genetics Unit, Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto Magalhães, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Rocha
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Falcão Reis
- Medical Genetics Unit, Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto Magalhães, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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Qader SW, Ozdemir M, Benjamin I, Chima CM, Suvitha A, Rani JC, Gber TE, Kothandan G. Toxicity, Pharmacokinetic Profile, and Compound-Protein Interaction Study of Polygonum minus Huds Extract. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04499-6. [PMID: 37129743 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Several phytochemicals with potential for bioactivity can be found in Polygonum minus (PM). The goal of this investigation was to establish the minimally toxic dose of PM for pharmaceutical use. To explain the stability and reactivity of the compounds under study, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), and the natural bond orbital were all combined. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the aqueous and ethanolic extract of PM on the (Hs888Lu) cell line was determined using the MTS Assay Kit (cell proliferation) (colorimetric). The hematological, hepatic, and renal functions were examined during the acute toxicity test on Sprague Dawley rats. SwissADME and ADMET were used to investigate the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) of the chemicals isolated from PM, including gallic acid, quercetin, rutin, and coumaric acid (PMCs). Molecular docking was used to examine the inhibitory effect against human H+/K+ ATPase, cyclooxygenase-2, and acetylcholinesterase. The outcomes indicated that neither the aqueous nor the ethanolic extract of PM is harmful. The development of plant-based medicine was made possible by the phenolic chemicals, primarily quercetin and rutin, which exhibit a considerable binding affinity to human H+/K+ ATPase, cyclooxygenase-2, and acetylcholinesterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhailah Wasman Qader
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Knowledge University, 44002, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Mehmet Ozdemir
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tishk International University, 44002, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Innocent Benjamin
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
| | - Chioma M Chima
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - A Suvitha
- Department of Physics, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560037, Karnataka, India
| | - Jaquline Chinna Rani
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Terkumbur E Gber
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Gugan Kothandan
- Biopolymer Modeling and Protein Chemistry Laboratory, CAS in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Di Paolo A, Anzalone L, Pellegrini M, Severi G, Cagiola M. Cytotoxicity assay as a potential alternative method for animal testing for batch release of Italian fish autogeneous vaccines. Open Vet J 2023; 13:495-500. [PMID: 37251262 PMCID: PMC10219817 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination is widely used in fish aquaculture for three primary reasons: to prevent bacterial disease spreading, minimize antibiotic use and fight antibiotic resistance. Vaccine production is an expensive and consuming process, mainly in terms of money, resources, and animals for quality control. The replace, reduce, and refine (3Rs) philosophy suggests developing and validates alternative methods to animal testing for scientific purposes, even for biologicals and vaccines. Aim The current study explored the potential use of mouse and fish cells in the in vitro toxicity grade assessment through different methods, as an alternative assay to in vivo residual toxicity tests for autogenous fish vaccine control. Methods BF2 and L929 cell lines were exposed to vaccine dilutions in two different ways of administration and toxicity grade was recorded by MTS assay, compared to the in vivo gold standard test. Results Autogenous vaccines (AVs) caused no reactions in the in vivo test. In the in vitro assay, the different toxicity grade recorded was statistically significant between the cell lines adopted and the AVs way of administration. Conclusions Data obtained represent the first application of 3Rs method to fish AVs produced in Italy, more investigations are needed to collect solid results and standardize new in vitro methods for vaccine quality control.
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Maloney NJ, Zacher NC, Hirotsu KE, Rajan N, Aasi SZ, Kibbi N. Comparison of clinicopathologic features, survival, and demographics in sebaceous carcinoma patients with and without Muir-Torre syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023:S0190-9622(23)00521-2. [PMID: 37003478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral malignancies in patients with Lynch syndrome behave less aggressively than in those without Lynch syndrome. The behavior of sebaceous carcinoma (SC) in Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS), a variant of Lynch syndrome, is incompletely investigated. OBJECTIVE Investigate features and survival of SC patients with and without MTS. METHODS Retrospective cohort study in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 17 database from 2000-2019 of patients with SC. Patients were classified as MTS or non-MTS cases based on a threshold score of 2 on the Mayo MTS Risk Score. RESULTS We identified 105 (2.8%) MTS cases and 3677 (97.2%) non-MTS cases. On univariate analysis, MTS patients were younger, had a higher proportion of tumors outside the head/neck, and had fewer high-grade tumors. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, MTS patients trended toward having better SC-specific survival. On multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis adjusting for other covariates, MTS status was an independent predictor of worse overall survival. However, there was no association between MTS status and SC-specific survival. LIMITATIONS Given relatively high disease-specific survival in SC, our study may have been underpowered to detect a difference on Kaplan-Meier analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests SC does not behave more aggressively in patients with MTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan J Maloney
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Natasha C Zacher
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Kelsey E Hirotsu
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Neil Rajan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sumaira Z Aasi
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Nour Kibbi
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
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El Abbouchi A, El Brahmi N, Hiebel MA, Ghammaz H, El Fahime E, Bignon J, Guillaumet G, Suzenet F, El Kazzouli S. Improvement of the Chemical Reactivity of Michael Acceptor of Ethacrynic Acid Correlates with Antiproliferative Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020910. [PMID: 36677966 PMCID: PMC9865193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to report the design, synthesis, and biological activity of new ethacrynic acid (EA) analogs (6-10) obtained by the double modulation of the carboxylic acid moiety and the aromatic ring with the aim to increase the chemical reactivity of Michael acceptor of EA. All obtained compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, IR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The antiproliferative activity was evaluated in vitro using MMT test, in a first step, against HL60 cell line and in a second step, on a panel of human cancer cell lines such as HCT116, A549, MCF7, PC3, U87-MG, and SKOV3, and normal cell line MRC5 in comparison with positive control doxorubicin. Among all the tested compounds, the product 8 containing a propargyl and a hydroxyl groups, allowing an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the keto group of EA, exhibited a pronounced and selective activity in a nanomolar range against HL60, A549, PC3, and MCF7 with IC50 values of 15, 41.2, 68.7, and 61.5 nM, respectively. Compound 8 also showed a good selectivity index (SI) against HL60 and moderate SI against the other three human cancer cells (A549, PC3, and MCF7). The study of the structure-activity relationship showed that both modifications of the carboxylic group and the introduction of an intramolecular hydrogen bond are highly required to improve the antiproliferative activities. The molecular modeling studies of compound 8 revealed that it favorably binds to the glutathione S-transferase active site, which may explain its interesting anticancer activity. These new compounds have potential to be developed as novel therapeutic agents against various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoula El Abbouchi
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Nabil El Brahmi
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Marie-Aude Hiebel
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Hamza Ghammaz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CNRST), Angle Avenues des FAR et Allal El Fassi, Hay Ryad, Rabat 10102, Morocco
| | - Elmostafa El Fahime
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CNRST), Angle Avenues des FAR et Allal El Fassi, Hay Ryad, Rabat 10102, Morocco
| | - Jérôme Bignon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (F.S.); (S.E.K.)
| | - Franck Suzenet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (F.S.); (S.E.K.)
| | - Saïd El Kazzouli
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (F.S.); (S.E.K.)
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Hryhorowicz S, Kaczmarek-Ryś M, Lis-Tanaś E, Porowski J, Szuman M, Grot N, Kryszczyńska A, Paszkowski J, Banasiewicz T, Pławski A. Strong Hereditary Predispositions to Colorectal Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13. [PMID: 36553592 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. A strong predisposition to cancer is generally only observed in colorectal cancer (5% of cases) and breast cancer (2% of cases). Colorectal cancer is the most common cancer with a strong genetic predisposition, but it includes dozens of various syndromes. This group includes familial adenomatous polyposis, attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis, MUTYH-associated polyposis, NTHL1-associated polyposis, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome, Cowden syndrome, Lynch syndrome, and Muir-Torre syndrome. The common symptom of all these diseases is a very high risk of colorectal cancer, but depending on the condition, their course is different in terms of age and range of cancer occurrence. The rate of cancer development is determined by its conditioning genes, too. Hereditary predispositions to cancer of the intestine are a group of symptoms of heterogeneous diseases, and their proper diagnosis is crucial for the appropriate management of patients and their successful treatment. Mutations of specific genes cause strong colorectal cancer predispositions. Identifying mutations of predisposing genes will support proper diagnosis and application of appropriate screening programs to avoid malignant neoplasm.
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Zhou YF, Wang WX, Nie JJ, Zhao DY, Yu L, Chang JL, Liu JH, Cao YF. Construction of A375·S2 Melanoma Cell Line with High Sensibility to IL-1 by Overexpressing IL-1 Receptor. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:550-557. [PMID: 36458222 PMCID: PMC9705671 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-022-01027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We described an operation that co-overexpress interleukin receptor 1 (IL-1R1) and its co-receptor (IL-1R1AcP) genes in wild-type A375·S2 cells in order to increase their sensibility to IL-1. Firstly, laser scanning confocal microscope observed that IL-1R1 could be expressed on the surface of A375·S2 cells. qPCR was performed to estimate the ratio of two genes and result showed the ratio was almost 4.57:1. Then two genes were linked to vectors and co-transfected into A375·S2 cells. qPCR and Western blotting showed the protein content improved markedly. Finally, MTS assay was executed and the sensitivity of A375·S2 cells that co-transfected receptors to IL-1β increased significantly. Another MTS assay showed the cell activity variation changed significantly (P < 0.05) and the reliability of the experiment was high, indicating that cell line established in this study could be further used for the activity test of IL-1Ra. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-022-01027-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Fei Zhou
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Changchun, 130012 People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Xiao Wang
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Changchun, 130012 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Nie
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan-Ying Zhao
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Changchun, 130012 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Yu
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Changchun, 130012 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Liang Chang
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Changchun, 130012 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Hui Liu
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Changchun, 130012 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Feng Cao
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Changchun, 130012 People’s Republic of China
- Immune-Path Biotechnology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215151 People’s Republic of China
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Bartkowiak A, Nazaruk E, Gajda E, Godlewska M, Gaweł D, Jabłonowska E, Bilewicz R. Simvastatin Coadministration Modulates the Electrostatically Driven Incorporation of Doxorubicin into Model Lipid and Cell Membranes. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4354-4364. [PMID: 36173110 PMCID: PMC9554873 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Understanding the interactions between drugs and lipid
membranes
is a prerequisite for finding the optimal way to deliver drugs into
cells. Coadministration of statins and anticancer agents has been
reported to have a positive effect on anticancer therapy. In this
study, we elucidate the mechanism by which simvastatin (SIM) improves
the efficiency of biological membrane penetration by the chemotherapeutic
agent doxorubicin (DOX) in neutral and slightly acidic solutions.
The incorporation of DOX, SIM, or a combination of them (DOX:SIM)
into selected single-component lipid membranes, zwitterionic unsaturated
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(POPC), neutral cholesterol, and negatively charged 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (DMPS) was assessed
using the Langmuir method. The penetration of neutral lipid monolayers
by the codelivery of SIM and DOX was clearly facilitated at pH 5.5,
which resembles the pH conditions of the environment of cancer cells.
This effect was ascribed to partial neutralization of the DOX positive
charge as the result of intermolecular interactions between DOX and
SIM. On the other hand, the penetration of the negatively charged
DMPS monolayer was most efficient in the case of the positively charged
DOX. The efficiency of the drug delivery to the cell membranes was
evaluated under in vitro conditions using a panel
of cancer-derived cell lines (A172, T98G, and HeLa). MTS and trypan
blue exclusion assays were performed, followed by confocal microscopy
and spheroid culture tests. Cells were exposed to either free drugs
or drugs encapsulated in lipid carriers termed cubosomes. We demonstrated
that the viability of cancer cells exposed to DOX was significantly
impaired in the presence of SIM, and this phenomenon was greatly magnified
when DOX and SIM were coencapsulated in cubosomes. Overall, our results
confirmed the utility of the DOX:SIM combination delivery, which enhances
the interactions between neutral components of cell membranes and
positively charged chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Nazaruk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Gajda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Gaweł
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Renata Bilewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02093 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Batool S, Javaid S, Javed H, Laiba Asim, Shahid I, Khan M, Muhammad A. Addressing artifacts of colorimetric anticancer assays for plant-based drug development. Med Oncol 2022; 39:198. [PMID: 36071299 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has become the silent killer in less-developed countries and the most significant cause of morbidity worldwide. The accessible and frequently used treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Chemotherapeutic drugs traditionally involve using plant-based medications either in the form of isolated compounds or as scaffolds for synthetic drugs. To launch a drug in the market, it has to pass through several intricate steps. The multidrug resistance in cancers calls for novel drug discovery and development. Every year anticancer potential of several plant-based compounds and extracts is reported but only a few advances to clinical trials. The false-positive or negative results impact the progress of the cell-based anticancer assays. There are several cell-based assays but the widely used include MTT, MTS, and XTT. In this article, we have discussed various pitfalls and workable solutions.
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12
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Singh S, Awasthi S. Effect of In-Situation Versus Manchester Triage System-Based Initial Case Management on Hospital-Based Mortality: A Before and After Study. Indian J Pediatr 2022; 89:553-557. [PMID: 35275337 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare mortality and treatment-initiation time pre- and post introduction of Manchester Triage System (MTS) in patients of age group 1 mo to 15 y admitted in a tertiary care hospital in India. METHODS Pre- and post intervention study conducted on a prospective cohort of patients hospitalized over a period of 6 mo, who were triaged using MTS and compared with a retrospective cohort, who were not formally triaged using any system and were admitted to the hospital during the past 6 mo, prior to commencement of the study. Intervention was training of resident doctors for five MTS urgencies using flowcharts and discriminators and displaying them in the emergency room. Data on clinical and outcome variables were abstracted from hospital case record sheets in both the cohorts. RESULTS The present study was conducted from May 2019 to April 2020 including 450 patients hospitalized from August 2019 to January 2020 in a prospective cohort and a retrospective cohort of 450 patients hospitalized from January 2019 to June 2019. Overall mortality in pre-MTS group was 26.2% (118/450) as compared to 20.9% (94/450) in post-MTS group (p value = 0.021). Average treatment time was reduced from 30 to 10 min after implementation of MTS (p value = 0.001). CONCLUSION Implementation of MTS in pediatric emergency leads to statistically significant reduction of mortality and average treatment-initiation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
| | - Shally Awasthi
- Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India.
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13
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Kurzyk A. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Seeding on 3D Scaffolds. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2429:417-434. [PMID: 35507178 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1979-7_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of mesenchymal stem cell seeding efficiency in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds is a critical step for constructing a potent and useful tissue engineering product for regenerative medicine. To determine the quantity of cells seeded on a scaffold, their condition and viability, and/or to confirm cell adhesion to the scaffold surface, a number of cellular assays are used. The assays are most often based on a direct or indirect colorimetric-, fluorimetric-, bioluminescent-, or isotope-based measurement of changes reflecting the activity of cellular processes. This chapter presents a selection of assays measuring the efficiency of cell seeding on scaffolds, that is, the MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium)) assay, the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, the ATP (adenosine triphosphate), DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) assay, the Alamar Blue (7-hydroxy-10-oxidophenoxazin-10-ium-3-one, resazurin) assay and the Pico Green dsDNA (N'-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-N,N-dimethyl-N'-[4-[(E)-(3-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)methyl]-1-phenylquinolin-1-ium-2-yl]propane-1,3-diamine) assay. These assays monitor the number of viable cells, sometimes in conjunction with specifying cell membrane integrity, determine enzymatic activity associated with cell metabolism, measure cell proliferation rate, and assess the total protein or DNA content in the cell-scaffold construct. The choice of the appropriate methods and the details for testing 3D cultures are of utmost importance to properly evaluate tissue engineering products. Still, developing standards for assessment of cell-scaffold constructs remains a challenge in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kurzyk
- Department of Cancer Biology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
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14
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AlGaeed M, Javan R, Shields DC, Gholipour T, Koubeissi MZ. Temporal lobe epilepsy with a contralateral parietal seizure-onset zone. Epileptic Disord 2021; 23:787-92. [PMID: 34519650 DOI: 10.1684/epd.2021.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Achieving sustained seizure freedom following epilepsy surgery remains a challenge in some patients. Lesional temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), for example, in patients with mesial temporal sclerosis or other MRI abnormalities, carries a good prognosis for seizure freedom compared to significantly lower chances of seizure freedom in patients with non-lesional epilepsy. However, even in some lesional TLE cases, persistent post-operative seizures suggest seizure onset from a brain region that is clinically and electrographically silent but manifests only after propagation to the temporal lobe. A notable example of such a brain region is the parietal lobe, which has extensive connectivity to various brain regions. While certain seizure semiologies, for example, sensory seizures, suggest parietal lobe onset, some medial parietal seizures may be semiologically indistinguishable from temporal lobe seizures. Here, we report a patient with focal impaired awareness seizures that manifested semiologically and electrographically as left TLE but proved to originate from the contralateral medial parietal lobe. We discuss putative seizure propagation pathways.
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15
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Chaudhry GES, Thirukanthan CS, NurIslamiah KM, Sung YY, Sifzizul TSM, Effendy AWM. Characterization and cytotoxicity of low-molecular-weight chitosan and chito-oligosaccharides derived from tilapia fish scales. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:373-377. [PMID: 34820312 PMCID: PMC8588928 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_117_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the physicochemical characterization and cytotoxicity activity of chitosan and chito-oligosaccharides (COSs). The extraction of chitosan and COSs was executed by chemical hydrolysis. The physicochemical characterization and deacetylation (DA) value were determined using an FTIR. The molecular weight was determined by using the Mark-Houwink equation. The physical parameters such as solubility, water-binding capacity (WBC), and fat-binding capacity (FBC) were determination as per equation (i), (ii), and (iii) respectively. The cytotoxic activities of chitosan and COS against MCF-7, HepG2, HeLa-6, and 3T3 were performed by MTS assay. The COS induced enhance cytotoxicity with IC50 0.87 and2.21 mg/ml against MCF-7 and HepG2 respectively. However, COSs seem to be more sensitive toward the cell lines with the relative potential of MCF-7 > HepG2 > HeLa. Hence, the results showed promising future perspectives of chitosan and COS to develop biodegradable, antibacterial, cytotoxic naturally derived polysaccharides for cancer drug delivery and smart wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. S. Thirukanthan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Y. Y. Sung
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - T. S. M. Sifzizul
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - A. W. M. Effendy
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala, Terengganu, Malaysia
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16
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Lichtenstein M, Zabit S, Hauser N, Farouz S, Melloul O, Hirbawi J, Lorberboum-Galski H. TAT for Enzyme/Protein Delivery to Restore or Destroy Cell Activity in Human Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:924. [PMID: 34575072 DOI: 10.3390/life11090924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Much effort has been dedicated in the recent decades to find novel protein/enzyme-based therapies for human diseases, the major challenge of such therapies being the intracellular delivery and reaching sub-cellular organelles. One promising approach is the use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) for delivering enzymes/proteins into cells. In this review, we describe the potential therapeutic usages of CPPs (mainly trans-activator of transcription protein, TAT) in enabling the uptake of biologically active proteins/enzymes needed in cases of protein/enzyme deficiency, concentrating on mitochondrial diseases and on the import of enzymes or peptides in order to destroy pathogenic cells, focusing on cancer cells.
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17
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Chen CW, Tseng YH, Wong MY, Lin YH, Yang TY, Hsu YC, Lin BS, Huang YK. Using Non-Contrast MRA to Discriminate between Obstructive and Nonobstructive Venous Diseases of the Legs. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1392. [PMID: 34441326 PMCID: PMC8394703 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous interventions of the legs are less predictable owing to a lock of objective tools. METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with lower extremity venous disease were evaluated anatomically using TRANCE MRI. Then, a QFlow analysis was performed in 53 patients with only one leg affected for hemodynamic evaluation. Those patients with complete QFlow were classified into obstructive and nonobstructive. RESULTS The QFlow-namely, stroke volume, forward flow volume, mean flux, stroke distance (SD), and mean velocity (MV) in the external iliac vein (EIV), femoral vein (FV), popliteal vein (PV), and great saphenous vein (GSV). The obstructed group had a shorter SD and lower MV in the EIV, EIV/FV, and GSV/PV (SD: p-values of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.043, respectively; MV: p-values of 0.02, 0.05, and 0.048, respectively). A good performance in discriminating obstructive venous disease was reported for SD in the EIV (area under the curve (AUC) = 67.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 53.2-82.7%), EIV/FV (AUC = 72.4%, 95% CI = 58.2-86.5%), and GSV/PV (AUC = 67.9%, 95% CI = 51.7-84.1%). The SD in the EIV, EIV/FV, and GSV/PV had the ability to discriminate between obstructive and nonobstructive diseases (p-values of 0.025, 0.005, and 0.043). The MV in the EIV, EIV/FV, and GSV/PV had ability to discriminate between obstructive and nonobstructive venous diseases (p-values of 0.02, 0.005, and 0.048). CONCLUSIONS The SD and MV were lower for obstructive than nonobstructive disease in the EIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chia Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (Y.-C.H.)
| | - Yuan-Hsi Tseng
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chia Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33323, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (M.Y.W.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Min Yi Wong
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chia Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33323, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (M.Y.W.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Yu-Hui Lin
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chia Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33323, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (M.Y.W.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Teng-Yao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Chia Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33323, Taiwan;
| | - Yin-Chen Hsu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chia Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (Y.-C.H.)
| | - Bor-Shyh Lin
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Kuang Huang
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chia Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33323, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (M.Y.W.); (Y.-H.L.)
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Shehab AY, Moneer EA, Allam AF, Khalil SS, Tolba MM. Intestinal Microsporidia Infection in Leukemic Children: Microscopic and Molecular Detection. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:346-353. [PMID: 32996015 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsporidia infection was originally described as an immunocompromised associated pathogen. Limitations to correct microscopic diagnosis of microsporidia include size of the organism presenting a challenge even to a highly competent laboratory expert. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to detect microsporidia infection among leukemic children. The performance of modified trichrome stain and PCR in the diagnosis of microsporidia was evaluated with further speciation. METHODS Stool samples of 100 leukemic children on chemotherapy were examined microscopically for microsporidia. DNA was extracted from all samples. Amplification was performed by conventional and nested PCR. Sequencing of amplified products was performed on unspeciated samples. RESULTS Microsporidia were detected in 23% of the children by MTS and 29% by PCR. The 29 positive samples were subjected to PCR for speciation. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was found to predominate in 20 cases, Encephalitozoon intestinalis in three cases, two cases had co-infection, and the remaining four samples were not amplified with either E. bieneusi or E. intestinalis specific primers. By DNA sequencing of the unspeciated samples, three samples shared high homology with Encephalitozoon hellem and one sample with Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Referring to PCR as a gold standard, MTS exhibited 72.4% sensitivity and 97.2% specificity with 90% accuracy. Among a number of studied variables, diarrhea and colic were significantly associated with microsporidia infection when diagnosed by either technique. CONCLUSION The use of sensitive and discriminative molecular tools will contribute to determining the true prevalence of microsporidiosis and possibly their potential transmission source depending on species identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Youssef Shehab
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, 165 El Horreya Avenue, El Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Esraa Abdelhamid Moneer
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amal Farahat Allam
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, 165 El Horreya Avenue, El Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Safia Saleh Khalil
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, 165 El Horreya Avenue, El Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona Mohamed Tolba
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, 165 El Horreya Avenue, El Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt
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19
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Rentenaar RJ, Bovo-Heijmans B, Diggle J, Fluit AC, Wootton M. False amoxicillin/clavulanic acid susceptibility in Bacteroides fragilis using gradient strip tests. Anaerobe 2021; 69:102358. [PMID: 33741507 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeatedly, too low MIC results were obtained in Bacteroides fragilis quality assessment strains, using gradient strip tests with a ratio of amoxicillin:clavulanic acid of 2:1. We aimed to find the most accurate available gradient strip tests for susceptibility testing of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in B. fragilis in comparison with agar dilution with EUCAST methodology and breakpoints. METHODS Twenty-seven clinical B. fragilis isolates were investigated using gold standard EUCAST amoxicillin/clavulanic acid agar dilution (fixed clavulanic acid concentration at 2 mg/L, with increasing amoxicillin concentrations) as well as three commercial gradient strip tests: XL (ratio), AUG (ratio) or AMC (fixed concentration). RESULTS Using agar dilution (fixed concentration), 19 isolates were susceptible, 1 isolate was susceptible increased exposure (I) and 7 isolates were resistant. Categorical agreement of the gradient strip tests with agar dilution (fixed concentration) was 70% for XL (ratio), 71% for AUG (ratio) and 89% for AMC (fixed concentration). Very major error rates in comparison with agar dilution (fixed concentration) were 100%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS EUCAST breakpoint usage in amoxicillin/clavulanic acid susceptibility tests for B. fragilis should be accompanied by EUCAST methodology. When using alternative methods such as gradient strip tests, a higher degree of alignment with EUCAST methodology, such as using fixed clavulanic acid concentrations, improves precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob J Rentenaar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal mail no G.04.614, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bianca Bovo-Heijmans
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal mail no G.04.614, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna Diggle
- Specialist Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Unit, Microbiology Cardiff, Public Health Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CARDIFF CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Ad C Fluit
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal mail no G.04.614, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy Wootton
- Specialist Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Unit, Microbiology Cardiff, Public Health Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CARDIFF CF14 4XW, UK
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20
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Jabłonowska E, Matyszewska D, Nazaruk E, Godlewska M, Gaweł D, Bilewicz R. Lipid membranes exposed to dispersions of phytantriol and monoolein cubosomes: Langmuir monolayer and HeLa cell membrane studies. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129738. [PMID: 32956751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of liquid-crystalline nanoparticles based on lipid-like surfactants, glyceryl monooleate, monoolein (GMO) and 1,2,3-trihydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecane, phytantriol (PT) with selected model lipid membranes prepared by Langmuir technique were compared. Monolayers of DPPC, DMPS and their mixture DPPC:DMPS 87:13 mol% were used as simple models of one leaflet of a cell membrane. The incorporation of cubosomes into the lipid layers spread at the air-water interface was followed by surface-pressure measurements and Brewster angle microscopy. The cubosome - membrane interactions lead to the fluidization of the model membranes but this effect depended on the composition of the model membrane and on the type of cubosomes. The interactions of PT cubosomes with lipid layers, especially DMPS-based monolayer were stronger compared with those of GMO-based nanoparticles. The kinetics of incorporation of cubosomal material into the lipid layer was influenced by the extent of hydration of the polar headgroups of the lipid: faster in the case of smaller, less hydrated polar groups of DMPS than for strongly hydrated uncharged choline of DPPC. The membrane disrupting effect of cubosomes increased at longer times of the lipid membrane exposure to the cubosome solution and at larger carrier concentrations. Langmuir monolayer observations correspond well to results of studies of HeLa cells exposed to cubosomes. The larger toxicity of PT cubosomes was confirmed by MTS. Their ability to disrupt lipid membranes was imaged by confocal microscopy. On the other hand, PT cubosomes easily penetrated cellular membranes and released cargo into various cellular compartments more effectively than GMO-based nanocarriers. Therefore, at low concentrations, they may be further investigated as a promising drug delivery tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Matyszewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Nazaruk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Gaweł
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Immunohematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Bilewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Lukaszewska-Kuska M, Idzior-Haufa M, Dorocka-Bobkowska B. Evaluation of human osteoblast metabolic activity in modified titanium-conditioned medium. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2020; 234:603-611. [PMID: 32167026 DOI: 10.1177/0954411920911281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate human osteoblast metabolic activity cultured in medium conditioned with commercially pure titanium after surface treatments with alumina or ceramic grit-blasting followed by acid etching. Commercially available, pure Grade 4 titanium disks were used and subjected to seven different surface modifications: (1) machined (MA)-used as the control group; (2) blasted with Al2O3 (Al2O3); (3) blasted with sintered ceramic (HAS); (4) blasted with non-sintered ceramics (HA); (5) blasted with Al2O3 and etched with HCl/H2SO4 (Al2O3 DE); (6) blasted with sintered ceramic and etched with HCl/H2SO4 (HAS DE), and (7) blasted with non-sintered ceramic and etched with HCl/H2SO4 (HA DE). A samples roughness evaluation test was carried out with an interference microscope, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was performed to evaluate the presence of aluminum, phosphorus, and calcium deposited during the titanium surface treatment along with carbon contaminants acquired by the surface during processing. A culture medium conditioned with the respective samples was prepared in five dilutions, and its effect on human osteoblast cell viability was evaluated using the relative viability of cells. Human osteoblast metabolic activity was found to be the most intensive for the Al2O3 DE sample. The lowest activity was observed for the HAS DE. The material's cytocompatibility depended on both the surface roughness and its chemical composition. Etching had a dual effect on cell activity, depending on the chemical composition of the titanium surface after blasting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malgorzata Idzior-Haufa
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Dorocka-Bobkowska
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Abstract
The obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii can infect any nucleated cell from a warm-blooded host. However, its interaction with host macrophages plays a critical role in shaping the immune response during infection. Therefore, assessing Toxoplasma-macrophage interactions at a cellular level is important. In this chapter, we describe assays that can be used to characterize Toxoplasma-macrophage interactions. These assays can also be used to evaluate other host-pathogen interactions. We describe multiplex approaches for measuring arginase activity, indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase activity, cell death, and parasite growth during Toxoplasma-macrophage interactions. These assays can be used to compare how different Toxoplasma strains differ in their interaction with macrophages, and we describe how to properly assess Toxoplasma strain differences in Toxoplasma-macrophage interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jeroen P J Saeij
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Korayem AH, Imani F, Korayem MH. Analysis of the atomic force microscopy vibration behavior using the Timoshenko theory by multi-scale method in the air environment. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1787-1801. [PMID: 31329310 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This article deals with the modeling and simulation of the vibration behavior of piezoelectric micro-cantilever (MC) based on the Timoshenko theory and using multi-scale (MTS) method in the air environment. In this regard, the results are compared with the previous literature, such as the finite element method and the MTS method. The analysis of the piezoelectric MC vibrating behavior is investigated in a dynamical mode including non-contact and tapping modes. The dynamics of this system is affected by interferential forces between probe tip and sample surface, such as van der Waals, capillary, and contact forces. According to the results, the forces applied to the probe tip reduce the amplitude and the resonance frequency. The simulation of surface topography in non-contact mode and tapping for rectangular and wedge-shaped roughness in the air environment are presented. Various experiments have been conducted in Ara research Company using the atomic force microscopy device in the amplitude mode. In the NSC15 Cantilever, the first natural frequency is derived from the results of the MC simulation based on Timoshenko beam theory, the practical results are 295.85 and 296.12 kHz, and the error rate is 0.09; at higher natural frequencies, the error rate has been increased. The γ f coefficient is a measure of the nonlinear effects on the system; the effect of the piezoelectric length and width on γ f coefficient is also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Korayem
- Robotic Research Laboratory, Center of Excellence in Experimental Solid Mechanics and Dynamics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Imani
- Robotic Research Laboratory, Center of Excellence in Experimental Solid Mechanics and Dynamics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moharram H Korayem
- Robotic Research Laboratory, Center of Excellence in Experimental Solid Mechanics and Dynamics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Akter S, Addepalli R, Netzel ME, Tinggi U, Fletcher MT, Sultanbawa Y, Osborne SA. Antioxidant-Rich Extracts of Terminalia ferdinandiana Interfere with Estimation of Cell Viability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060191. [PMID: 31234479 PMCID: PMC6616874 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of plant extracts and phytochemicals on in vitro cell viability is usually assessed by employing cell viability assays dependent upon the activity of dehydrogenase enzymes. The CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (CellTiter) was used to measure cell viability in response to antioxidant-rich extracts of Terminalia ferdinandiana fruits. Conflicting results were obtained from this assay whereby higher concentrations of extracts significantly increased cell viability compared to lower concentrations. Intrinsic reductive potential was observed in a cell-free system when extracts were added directly to the CellTiter assay reagent. To confirm this effect in a similar cell proliferation assay, we employed the CellTiter-Blue® Cell Viability Assay and again observed increased viability with increased concentrations of the extracts and direct reduction of the assay reagent by the extracts in cell-free systems. In the search for a cell proliferation assay that would not be directly affected by the plant extracts, we identified the CyQUANT® NF Cell Proliferation Assay that is based on the estimation of DNA content in viable cells. Cell viability decreased with increasing concentrations of the extracts. Accordingly, the results of the present study indicated that cell viability assays reliant upon dehydrogenase activity may lead to false positive results when testing antioxidant-rich plant extracts with intrinsic reductive potential, and alternative cell viability assays should be used to measure the cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Akter
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Rama Addepalli
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Michael E Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Ujang Tinggi
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia.
| | - Mary T Fletcher
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Simone A Osborne
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
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Wu Q, Shen X, Jin Y, Chen Z, Li S, Khan AH, Chen D. Intelligent Beetle Antennae Search for UAV Sensing and Avoidance of Obstacles. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19081758. [PMID: 31013782 PMCID: PMC6514918 DOI: 10.3390/s19081758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Based on a bio-heuristic algorithm, this paper proposes a novel path planner called obstacle avoidance beetle antennae search (OABAS) algorithm, which is applied to the global path planning of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Compared with the previous bio-heuristic algorithms, the algorithm proposed in this paper has advantages of a wide search range and breakneck search speed, which resolves the contradictory requirements of the high computational complexity of the bio-heuristic algorithm and real-time path planning of UAVs. Besides, the constraints used by the proposed algorithm satisfy various characteristics of the path, such as shorter path length, maximum allowed turning angle, and obstacle avoidance. Ignoring the z-axis optimization by combining with the minimum threat surface (MTS), the resultant path meets the requirements of efficiency and safety. The effectiveness of the algorithm is substantiated by applying the proposed path planning algorithm on the UAVs. Moreover, comparisons with other existing algorithms further demonstrate the superiority of the proposed OABAS algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Xudong Shen
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Yuanzhe Jin
- Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Zeyu Chen
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Ameer Hamza Khan
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Dechao Chen
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Khalil C. Human skin explants an in vitro approach for assessing UVB induced damage. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 53:193-199. [PMID: 30149078 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle changes involving frequent outdoor activities are contributing to higher exposure to harmful ultraviolet light (UVB). The acute effects of UVB irradiation on human skin was evaluated in this study using freshly excised human skin from elective surgery subjected to UVB doses (0-3.76 J/cm2). The assessment of UVB induced cellular and skin damages was undertaken at two time points immediately and 24 h post exposure using in vitro, and immunohistochemical staining techniques. The results indicated no significant loss of skin integrity or significant acute mitochondrial cellular damages in UVB exposed skin sections as measured by the MTS cytotoxicity assay. The other key markers of damage showed significant extracellular LDH membrane leakages and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. Skin integrity analysis was also undertaken using H&E, HLADR, and anti-cytokeratin antibodies. The results showed significant epidermal changes, basal cell activation and Langerhans cells depletion. The research proved the usefulness of freshly excised human skin explant model in measuring UVB damage. Furthermore, freshly excised human skin maintains the natural layering and therefore does not pose the same challenges faced by commercially available reconstructed skin in terms of higher costs and accurate mimicking of all the complex interactions observed in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Khalil
- Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Kempf G, Stjepanovic G, Sloan J, Hendricks A, Lapouge K, Sinning I. The Escherichia coli SRP Receptor Forms a Homodimer at the Membrane. Structure 2018; 26:1440-1450.e5. [PMID: 30146170 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The Escherichia coli signal recognition particle (SRP) receptor, FtsY, plays a fundamental role in co-translational targeting of membrane proteins via the SRP pathway. Efficient targeting relies on membrane interaction of FtsY and heterodimerization with the SRP protein Ffh, which is driven by detachment of α helix (αN1) in FtsY. Here we show that apart from the heterodimer, FtsY forms a nucleotide-dependent homodimer on the membrane, and upon αN1 removal also in solution. Homodimerization triggers reciprocal stimulation of GTP hydrolysis and occurs in vivo. Biochemical characterization together with integrative modeling suggests that the homodimer employs the same interface as the heterodimer. Structure determination of FtsY NG+1 with GMPPNP shows that a dimerization-induced conformational switch of the γ-phosphate is conserved in Escherichia coli, filling an important gap in SRP GTPase activation. Our findings add to the current understanding of SRP GTPases and may challenge previous studies that did not consider homodimerization of FtsY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Kempf
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Centre, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Goran Stjepanovic
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Centre, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jeremy Sloan
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Centre, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Astrid Hendricks
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Centre, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Karine Lapouge
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Centre, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Irmgard Sinning
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Centre, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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Gu Z, Guo W, Li C, Zhu X, Guo T. An Adaptive Method for Switching between Pedestrian/Car Indoor Positioning Algorithms based on Multilayer Time Sequences. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:E711. [PMID: 29495503 DOI: 10.3390/s18030711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) positioning algorithms can be used to obtain a target’s location only for movement with step features and not for driving, for which the trilateral Bluetooth indoor positioning method can be used. In this study, to obtain the precise locations of different states (pedestrian/car) using the corresponding positioning algorithms, we propose an adaptive method for switching between the PDR and car indoor positioning algorithms based on multilayer time sequences (MTSs). MTSs, which consider the behavior context, comprise two main aspects: filtering of noisy data in small-scale time sequences and using a state chain to reduce the time delay of algorithm switching in large-scale time sequences. The proposed method can be expected to realize the recognition of stationary, walking, driving, or other states; switch to the correct indoor positioning algorithm; and improve the accuracy of localization compared to using a single positioning algorithm. Our experiments show that the recognition of static, walking, driving, and other states improves by 5.5%, 45.47%, 26.23%, and 21% on average, respectively, compared with convolutional neural network (CNN) method. The time delay decreases by approximately 0.5–8.5 s for the transition between states and by approximately 24 s for the entire process.
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Wrzesień M, Albiniak Ł, Al-Hameed H. MTS-6 detectors calibration by using <sup>239</sup>Pu-Be neutron source. Med Pr 2017; 68:705-710. [PMID: 28956552 DOI: 10.13075/mp.5893.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermoluminescent detectors, type MTS-6, containing isotope <sup>6</sup>Li (lithium) are sensitive in the range of thermal neutron energy; the <sup>239</sup>Pu-Be (plutonium-and-beryllium) source emits neutrons in the energy range from 1 to 11 MeV. These seemingly contradictory elements may be combined by using the paraffin moderator, a determined density of thermal neutrons in the paraffin block and a conversion coefficient neutron flux to kerma, not forgetting the simultaneous registration of the photon radiation inseparable from the companion neutron radiation. The main aim of this work is to present the idea of calibration of thermoluminescent detectors that consist of a <sup>6</sup>Li isotope, by using <sup>239</sup>Pu-Be neutron radiation source. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this work, MTS-6 and MTS-7 thermoluminescent detectors and a plutonium-and-beryllium (<sup>239</sup>Pu-Be) neutron source were used. Paraffin wax fills the block, acting as a moderator. The calibration idea was based on the determination of dose equivalent rate based on the average kerma rate calculated taking into account the empirically determined function describing the density of thermal neutron flux in the paraffin block and a conversion coefficient neutron flux to kerma. RESULTS The calculated value of the thermal neutron flux density was 1817.5 neutrons/cm<sup>2</sup>/s and the average value of kerma rate determined on this basis amounted to 244 μGy/h, and the dose equivalent rate 610 μSv/h. The calculated value allowed for the assessment of the length of time of exposure of the detectors directly in the paraffin block. CONCLUSIONS The calibration coefficient for the used batch of detectors is (6.80±0.42)×10<sup>-7</sup> Sv/impulse. Med Pr 2017;68(6):705-710.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wrzesień
- University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland (Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, Department of Nuclear Physics and Radiation Safety).
| | - Łukasz Albiniak
- University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland (Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, Department of Nuclear Physics and Radiation Safety).
| | - Hiba Al-Hameed
- University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland (Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, Department of Nuclear Physics and Radiation Safety).
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Brož A, Bačáková L, Štenclová P, Kromka A, Potocký Š. Uptake and intracellular accumulation of diamond nanoparticles - a metabolic and cytotoxic study. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2017; 8:1649-1657. [PMID: 28875102 PMCID: PMC5564261 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diamond nanoparticles, known as nanodiamonds (NDs), possess several medically significant properties. Having a tailorable and easily accessible surface gives them great potential for use in sensing and imaging applications and as a component of cell growth scaffolds. In this work we investigate in vitro interactions of human osteoblast-like SAOS-2 cells with four different groups of NDs, namely high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) NDs (diameter 18-210 nm, oxygen-terminated), photoluminescent HPHT NDs (diameter 40 nm, oxygen-terminated), detonation NDs (diameter 5 nm, H-terminated), and the same detonation NDs further oxidized by annealing at 450 °C. The influence of the NDs on cell viability and cell count was measured by the mitochondrial metabolic activity test and by counting cells with stained nuclei. The interaction of NDs with cells was monitored by phase contrast live-cell imaging in real time. For both types of oxygen-terminated HPHT NDs, the cell viability and the cell number remained almost the same for concentrations up to 100 µg/mL within the whole range of ND diameters tested. The uptake of hydrogen-terminated detonation NDs caused the viability and the cell number to decrease by 80-85%. The oxidation of the NDs hindered the decrease, but on day 7, a further decrease was observed. While the O-terminated NDs showed mechanical obstruction of cells by agglomerates preventing cell adhesion, migration and division, the H-terminated detonation NDs exhibited rapid penetration into the cells from the beginning of the cultivation period, and also rapid cell congestion and a rapid reduction in viability. These findings are discussed with reference to relevant properties of NDs such as surface chemical bonds, zeta potential and nanoparticle types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Brož
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bačáková
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Štenclová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Kromka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Potocký
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic
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Khalil C, Shebaby W. UVB damage onset and progression 24 h post exposure in human-derived skin cells. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:441-449. [PMID: 28959672 PMCID: PMC5615164 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UVB radiation (280–320 nm) exposure and cellular damages assessment in vitro. Damage progression assessed immediately and 24 h post exposure using cultured human cells with more prominent damages expressed 24 h post exposure. Cytotoxicity assessment investigated mitochondria, lysosomes, cell membrane and, DNA damages. The research reported significant cellular and DNA damages in addition to upregulation and downregulation of various apoptotic proteins.
The focus of this research was on UVB radiation (280–320 nm) responsible for cellular changes in skin of acute and chronically exposed individuals. This study investigated the acute cellular damages triggered by UVB exposure of cultured human fibroblasts and keratinocyte cells immediately and 24 h post exposure in order to understand damage onset and progression. The study evaluated a number of cellular parameters including mitochondria, lysosomes, cell membrane, DNA damages as well as pro and anti-apoptotic protein expression levels. Cellular organelle damages were assessed by a battery of in vitro toxicological assays using MTS and Neutral red cytotoxicity assays. Cell membrane damages were also assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme leakage from UVB exposed cells. Lastly DNA damages was assessed using the comet assay while protein expression was evaluated using Western Blot. In this study we reported in all our assay systems (MTS, NR and LDH) that cellular damages were UVB dose dependent with damages amplified 24 h post exposure. Our results also indicated that incubation of exposed cells for a period of 24 h increased the sensitivity of the assay systems used. The increased sensitivity in detecting early cytotoxic damages was manifested though organelle damage measurement at very low doses which were not manifested immediately post exposure. The data also indicated that HaCaT cells were most sensitive in detecting UVB triggered damages immediately and 24 h post exposure using the MTS assay. We also established upregulation and downregulation of various apoptotic proteins at various time points post exposure. The presented data clearly indicated the need for a comprehensive assessment of UVB damages 4 and 24 h post exposure due to the different assay sensitivities in addition to various signaling mechanisms activated at different time points post exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Khalil
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Byblos, Lebanon.,Institute of Environmental Studies, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Wassim Shebaby
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Byblos, Lebanon
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Yin XJ, Geng CA, Chen XL, Sun CL, Yang TH, Li TZ, Zhou J, Zhang XM, Chen JJ. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Tropinone Derivatives. Nat Prod Bioprospect 2017; 7:215-223. [PMID: 28321792 PMCID: PMC5397392 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-017-0124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen tropinone derivatives were prepared, and their antitumor activities against five human cancer cells (HL-60, A-549, SMMC-7721, MCF-7 and SW480) were evaluated with MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfopheny)-2H-tetrazolium] assay. Most of the derivatives exhibited better activities compared with tropinone at the concentration of 40 μM. Particularly, derivative 6 showed significant activities with IC50 values of 3.39, 13.59, 6.65, 13.09 and 12.38 μM respectively against HL-60, A-549, SMMC-7721, MCF-7 and SW480 cells, which suggested more potent activities than that of cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum (DDP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Juan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chang-An Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xing-Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chang-Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Tong-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Tian-Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ji-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Perinelli DR, Cespi M, Casettari L, Vllasaliu D, Cangiotti M, Ottaviani MF, Giorgioni G, Bonacucina G, Palmieri GF. Correlation among chemical structure, surface properties and cytotoxicity of N-acyl alanine and serine surfactants. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 109:93-102. [PMID: 27693676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity is one of the main concerns limiting the use of surfactants. Many efforts have been devoted to the development of new amphiphilic molecules characterized by a lower toxicological profile and environmental impact. N-acyl amino acids are a class of anionic surfactants that can find applications in different technological fields as an alternative to sulphate-based surfactants (e.g., sodium dodecyl sulphate). The understanding of the relationship between chemical structure and toxicological profile is fundamental for the disclosure of the full potential of these amphiphiles. With this aim, two series of N-acyl surfactants, with different length of the hydrophobic tails and serine or alanine as polar head, were synthesized and fully characterized. The correlation between the surface and toxicological parameters allowed highlighting the role exerted by the length of the hydrocarbon chain and the polar head on cytotoxicity. The length of the hydrocarbon chain mainly influences surface properties and toxicological parameters, while the amino acid polar head may play a key role only on cellular toxicity. Overall, our data suggest that minor differences in the polar head, not significantly affecting CMC values, may have an impact on cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- School of Pharmacy, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK
| | - Michela Cangiotti
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino 61029, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulia Bonacucina
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
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Leibovitch EC, Jacobson S. Human Herpesvirus 6 as a Viral Trigger in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:1011-3. [PMID: 25840442 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Leibovitch
- Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Institute for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington D.C
| | - Steven Jacobson
- Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Wang Y, Serricchio M, Jauregui M, Shanbhag R, Stoltz T, Di Paolo CT, Kim PK, McQuibban GA. Deubiquitinating enzymes regulate PARK2-mediated mitophagy. Autophagy 2015; 11:595-606. [PMID: 25915564 PMCID: PMC4502823 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1034408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective degradation of mitochondria by the process of autophagy, termed mitophagy, is one of the major mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control. The best-studied mitophagy pathway is the one mediated by PINK1 and PARK2/Parkin. From recent studies it has become clear that ubiquitin-ligation plays a pivotal role and most of the focus has been on the role of ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins in mitophagy. Even though ubiquitination is a reversible process, very little is known about the role of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) in mitophagy. Here, we report that 2 mitochondrial DUBs, USP30 and USP35, regulate PARK2-mediated mitophagy. We show that USP30 and USP35 can delay PARK2-mediated mitophagy using a quantitative mitophagy assay. Furthermore, we show that USP30 delays mitophagy by delaying PARK2 recruitment to the mitochondria during mitophagy. USP35 does not delay PARK2 recruitment, suggesting that it regulates mitophagy through an alternative mechanism. Interestingly, USP35 only associates with polarized mitochondria, and rapidly translocates to the cytosol during CCCP-induced mitophagy. It is clear that PARK2-mediated mitophagy is regulated at many steps in this important quality control pathway. Taken together, these findings demonstrate an important role of mitochondrial-associated DUBs in mitophagy. Because defects in mitochondria quality control are implicated in many neurodegenerative disorders, our study provides clear rationales for the design and development of drugs for the therapeutic treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases.
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Key Words
- CCCP
- Cer, cerulean
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DUB
- DsRed, Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- HA, human influenza hemagglutinin
- MFN2, mitofusin 2
- MTS
- OMM, outer mitochondrial membrane
- PARK2
- PARK2, parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase
- PINK1, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1
- SYNJ2BP, synaptojanin 2 binding protein
- TOMM20, translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 homolog (yeast)
- USP, ubiquitin specific peptidase
- USP30
- USP35
- autophagy
- carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone
- deubiquitinating enzyme
- deubiquitinating enzymes
- l-USP35, long form of ubiquitin specific peptidase 35
- mitochondrial dynamics
- mitochondrial targeting sequence
- mitophagy
- neurodegenerative diseases
- s-USP35, short form of ubiquitin specific peptidase 35
- ubiquitin
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Cell Biology Program; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Mauro Serricchio
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Miluska Jauregui
- Cell Biology Program; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Riya Shanbhag
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Tasha Stoltz
- Cell Biology Program; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Caitlin T Di Paolo
- Cell Biology Program; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Peter K Kim
- Cell Biology Program; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - G Angus McQuibban
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada
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Zhang F, Zhang Z, Kong D, Zhang X, Chen L, Zhu X, Lu Y, Zheng S. Tetramethylpyrazine reduces glucose and insulin-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells by inhibiting insulin receptor-mediated PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:197-204. [PMID: 24071517 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is the central event during liver fibrogenesis. Metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia contributes to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated liver fibrosis. This study was to investigate the effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on HSC activation induced by glucose and insulin (Glu/Ins) and the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that Glu/Ins significantly stimulated proliferation, invasion, adhesion, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production in HSCs. TMP inhibited HSC proliferation, invasion and adhesion, and reduced the expression of marker genes related to HSC activation in Glu/Ins-activated HSCs. Mechanistic evidence revealed that TMP reduced insulin receptor (InsR) expression and blocked the downstream phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascades, which was required for TMP attenuation of HSC activation. Moreover, TMP modulated the genes relevant to ECM homeostasis favoring ECM degradation. It could be concluded that TMP inhibited Glu/Ins-stimulated HSC activation and ECM production by inhibiting InsR-mediated PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zili Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Desong Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; The National First-Class Key Discipline for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; The National First-Class Key Discipline for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Li W, Chen W, Herberman RB, Plotnikoff NP, Youkilis G, Griffin N, Wang E, Lu C, Shan F. Immunotherapy of cancer via mediation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by methionine enkephalin (MENK). Cancer Lett 2013; 344:212-22. [PMID: 24291668 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the immunological mechanisms by which synthetic methionine enkephalin (MENK) exerts therapeutic effects on tumor growth. Our findings in vivo or in vitro show that MENK treatment either in vivo or in vitro could up-regulate the percentages of CD8+T cells, induce markers of activated T cells, increased cytotoxic activity against mouse S180 tumor cells and increase secretion of IFNγ. In addition, the adoptively transferred CD8+T cells, after either in vitro or in vivo treatment with MENK, result in significantly increased survival of S180 tumor-bearing mice and significant shrinkage in tumor growth. Opioid receptors are detected on normal CD8+T cells and exposure to MENK leads to increased expression of opioid receptors. Interaction between MENK and the opioid receptors on CD8+T cells appears to be essential for the activation of CTL, since the addition of naltrexone (NTX), an opioid receptor antagonist, significantly inhibits all of the effects of MENK. The evidence obtained indicates that the MENK-induced T cell signaling is associated with a significant up-regulation of Ca2+ influx into the cytoplasm and the translocation of NFAT2 into nucleus, and these signaling effects are also inhibited by naltrexone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 92, North Second Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Wenna Chen
- Center of Teaching & Research, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 79, Chongshan Eastern Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110847, PR China
| | - Ronald B Herberman
- TNI Bio Tech. Inc., 6701 Democracy Blvd., Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | | | - Gene Youkilis
- TNI Bio Tech. Inc., 6701 Democracy Blvd., Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Noreen Griffin
- TNI Bio Tech. Inc., 6701 Democracy Blvd., Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Enhua Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 92, North Second Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Changlong Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 92, North Second Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Fengping Shan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 92, North Second Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
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Baderna D, Colombo A, Amodei G, Cantù S, Teoldi F, Cambria F, Rotella G, Natolino F, Lodi M, Benfenati E. Chemical-based risk assessment and in vitro models of human health effects induced by organic pollutants in soils from the Olona Valley. Sci Total Environ 2013; 463-464:790-801. [PMID: 23859898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment of soils is usually based on chemical measurements and assuming accidental soil ingestion and evaluating induced toxic and carcinogenic effects. Recently biological tools have been coupled to chemical-based risk assessment since they integrate the biological effects of all xenobiotics in soils. We employed integrated monitoring of soils based on chemical analyses, risk assessment and in vitro models in the highly urbanized semirural area of the Olona Valley in northern Italy. Chemical characterization of the soils indicated low levels of toxic and carcinogenic pollutants such as PAHs, PCDD/Fs, PCBs and HCB and human risk assessment did not give any significant alerts. HepG2 and BALB/c 3T3 cells were used as a model for the human liver and as a tool for the evaluation of carcinogenic potential. Cells were treated with soil extractable organic matters (EOMs) and the MTS assay, LDH release and morphological transformation were selected as endpoints for toxicity and carcinogenicity. Soil EOMs induced dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth at low doses and cytotoxicity after exposure to higher doses. This might be the result of block of cell cycle progression to repair DNA damage caused by oxidative stress; if this DNA damage cannot be repaired, cells die. No significant inductions of foci were recorded after exposure to EOMs. These results indicate that, although the extracts contain compounds with proven carcinogenic potential, the levels of these pollutants in the analyzed soils were too low to induce carcinogenesis in our experimental conditions. In this proposed case study, HepG2 cells were found an appropriate tool to assess the potential harm caused by the ingestion of contaminated soil as they were able to detect differences in the toxicity of soil EOMs. Moreover, the cell transformation assay strengthened the combined approach giving useful information on carcinogenic potential of mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Baderna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
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Pichamuthu JE, Phillippi JA, Cleary DA, Chew DW, Hempel J, Vorp DA, Gleason TG. Differential tensile strength and collagen composition in ascending aortic aneurysms by aortic valve phenotype. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 96:2147-54. [PMID: 24021768 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (ATAA) predisposes patients to aortic dissection and has been associated with diminished tensile strength and disruption of collagen. Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms arising in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) develop earlier than in those with tricuspid aortic valves (TAV) and have a different risk of dissection. The purpose of this study was to compare aortic wall tensile strength between BAV and TAV ATAAs and determine whether the collagen content of the ATAA wall is associated with tensile strength and valve phenotype. METHODS Longitudinally and circumferentially oriented strips of ATAA tissue obtained during elective surgery were stretched to failure, and collagen content was estimated by hydroxyproline assay. Experimental stress-strain data were analyzed for failure strength and elastic mechanical variables: α, β, and maximal tangential stiffness. RESULTS The circumferential and longitudinal tensile strengths were higher for BAV ATAAs when compared with TAV ATAAs. The α and β were lower for BAV ATAAs when compared with TAV ATAAs. The maximal tangential stiffness was higher for circumferential when compared with longitudinal orientation in both BAV and TAV ATAAs. The amount of hydroxyproline was equivalent in BAV and TAV ATAA specimens. Although there was a moderate correlation between the collagen content and tensile strength for TAV, this correlation is not present in BAV. CONCLUSIONS The increased tensile strength and decreased values of α and β in BAV ATAAs despite uniform collagen content between groups indicate that microstructural changes in collagen contribute to BAV-associated aortopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Pichamuthu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Betjemann JP, Thompson AC, Santos-Sánchez C, Garcia PA, Ivey SL. Distinguishing language and race disparities in epilepsy surgery. Epilepsy Behav 2013; 28:444-9. [PMID: 23891765 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify whether race/ethnicity and limited English proficiency impact the likelihood of pursuing surgical treatment for medically refractory epilepsy. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 213 patients with medically refractory epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis who were being considered for temporal lobectomy between January 1, 1993 and December 31, 2010 with follow-up through December 31, 2012. Demographic and clinical factors potentially associated with surgical utilization, including self-reported race/ethnicity and preferred language, were gathered from the medical record. Patients of Asian/Pacific Islander or African American race were significantly less likely to pursue surgical treatment of epilepsy compared with non-Hispanic whites in a multivariate logistic regression model (adjusted for nonconcordant ictal EEG, age, and limited English proficiency) (OR 0.20, p=0.003; OR 0.15, p=0.001, respectively). Limited English proficiency was also significantly associated with lower odds of surgery (OR 0.38, p=0.034). Both race and limited English proficiency contribute to disparities in the surgical management of medically refractory epilepsy, especially among Asian/Pacific Islanders and African Americans. Culturally sensitive patient-physician communication and patient education materials might aid in surgical decision-making among minority groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Betjemann
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology, Box 0138, 521 Parnassus Ave, C-440, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Noya Y, Seki KI, Asano H, Mai Y, Horinouchi T, Higashi T, Terada K, Hatate C, Hoshi A, Nepal P, Horiguchi M, Kuge Y, Miwa S. Identification of stable cytotoxic factors in the gas phase extract of cigarette smoke and pharmacological characterization of their cytotoxicity. Toxicology 2013; 314:1-10. [PMID: 23981515 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular diseases, but the mechanism for its genesis is unknown. We have recently shown that the gas phase of cigarette smoke (nicotine- and tar-free cigarette smoke extract; CSE) likely to reach the systemic circulation contains stable substances which cause cytotoxicity like plasma membrane damage and cell death in cultured cells, and also that the plasma membrane damage is caused through sequential activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) and the resulting generation of reactive oxygen species (PKC/NOX-dependent mechanism), whereas cell death is caused through PKC/NOX-dependent and -independent mechanisms. To identify these stable substances, the CSE was prepared by passing the main-stream smoke of 10 cigarettes through a Cambridge glass fiber filter, trapping of the smoke in a vessel cooled at -80°C, and subsequent dissolution in 10ml of water. The CSE was fractionated into nine fractions using reversed-phase HPLC, and each fraction was screened for cytotoxicity in cultured cells, using propidium iodide uptake assay for cell membrane damage and MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] reduction assay for cell viability. The cytotoxicity was positive in two of the nine fractions (Fr2 and Fr5). After extraction of the active fractions into dichloromethane, GC/MS analysis identified 2-cyclopenten-1-one (CPO) in Fr5 but none in Fr2. After derivatization of the active fractions with O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine hydrochloride, GC/MS analysis identified acrolein, acetone and propionaldehyde in Fr2, and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) in Fr5. After 4-h incubation, authentic acrolein and MVK induced concentration-dependent cytotoxicity with EC50 values of 75.9±8.2 and 47.0±8.0μM (mean±SEM; n=3), respectively, whereas acetone, propionaldehyde and CPO were without effect. However, after 24-h incubation, CPO induced concentration-dependent cytotoxicity with an EC50 value of 264.0±16.9μM (n=3). The concentrations of acrolein, MVK and CPO in the CSE were 3368±334, 2429±123 and 392.9±31.8μM (n=4), respectively, which were higher than the cytotoxic concentrations. The cytotoxicity of acrolein and MVK consisted of plasma membrane damage and decreased cell viability: the plasma membrane damage was totally prevented by treatment with an inhibitor of PKC or NOX, whereas the decreased cell viability was only partially prevented by these inhibitors. The cytotoxicity of CPO consisted only of decreased cell viability, which was totally resistant to these inhibitors. These results show that acrolein and MVK are responsible for the acute cytotoxicity of the CSE through PKC/NOX-dependent and -independent mechanisms, whereas CPO is responsible for the delayed cytotoxicity of the CSE through a PKC/NOX-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Noya
- Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Primon M, Huszthy PC, Motaln H, Talasila KM, Torkar A, Bjerkvig R, Lah Turnšek T. Cathepsin L silencing enhances arsenic trioxide mediated in vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis in glioblastoma U87MG spheroids. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2637-48. [PMID: 23968587 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite improved treatment options, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains the most aggressive brain tumour with the shortest post-diagnostic survival. Arsenite (As2O3) is already being used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), yet its effects on GBM have not been evaluated in detail. In U87MG cell monolayers, we have previously shown that arsenite cytotoxicity significantly increases upon transient inhibition of lysosomal protease Cathepsin L (CatL). As multicellular spheroids more closely represent in vivo tumours, we aimed to evaluate the impact of permanent CatL silencing on arsenite treatment in U87MG spheroids. CatL was stably silenced using shRNA expression plasmid packed lentiviruses. By using metabolic- and cell viability assays, we demonstrated that long-term CatL silencing significantly increased arsenite cytotoxicity in U87MG spheroids. Silenced CatL also increased arsenite-mediated apoptosis in spheroids via elevated p53 expression, Bax/Bcl2 ratio and caspase 3/7 activity, though with lower efficacy than in monolayers. Arsenite cytotoxicity was enhanced by lower CatL activity, since similar cytotoxicity increase was also observed using the novel CatL inhibitor AT094. The results have significant translational impact, since stable CatL silencing would enable the application of lower systemic doses of arsenite to achieve the desired cytotoxic effects on GBMs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Primon
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Bia d.o.o., Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Torres E, Duque MD, Vanderlinden E, Ma C, Pinto LH, Camps P, Froeyen M, Vázquez S, Naesens L. Role of the viral hemagglutinin in the anti-influenza virus activity of newly synthesized polycyclic amine compounds. Antiviral Res 2013; 99:281-91. [PMID: 23800838 PMCID: PMC7114147 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis of polycyclic amines designed as ring-rearranged analogs of amantadine. Only one compound inhibited A/M2 proton channel function. However, they showed low-micromolar activity against A/H1N1, but not A/H3N2 influenza viruses. A/PR/8/34 mutants selected for resistance to these compounds possessed mutation in the viral hemagglutinin.
We here report on the synthesis of new series of polycyclic amines initially designed as ring-rearranged analogs of amantadine and featuring pentacyclo, hexacyclo, and octacyclo rings. A secondary amine, 3-azahexacyclo[7.6.0.01,5.05,12.06,10.011,15]pentadeca-7,13-diene, 3, effectively inhibited A/M2 proton channel function, and, moreover, possessed dual activity against an A/H3N2 virus carrying a wild-type A/M2 proton channel, as well as an amantadine-resistant A/H1N1 virus. Among the polycyclic amines that did not inhibit influenza A/M2 proton channel function, several showed low-micromolar activity against tested A/H1N1 strains (in particular, the A/PR/8/34 strain), but not A/H3N2 influenza viruses. A/PR/8/34 mutants selected for resistance to these compounds possessed mutations in the viral hemagglutinin that markedly increased the hemolysis pH. Our data suggest that A/H1N1 viruses such as the A/PR/8/34 strain are particularly sensitive to a subtle increase in the endosomal pH, as caused by the polycyclic amine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Torres
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
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Bu S, Xie Q, Chang W, Huo X, Chen F, Ma X. LukS-PV induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in human acute myeloid leukemia THP-1 cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1531-7. [PMID: 23702031 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The S component (LukS-PV) is one of the two components of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), which is a pore-forming cytotoxin secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, with the ability to lyse leukocytes. In this study, LukS-PV had the ability to induce apoptosis in the human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line THP-1. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms of LukS-PV-induced apoptosis in THP-1 cells. THP-1 cells treated with LukS-PV, resulted in a significant inhibition of proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and induced G0/G1 arrest associated with an inhibition of cell cycle arrest regulatory protein (cyclin D1) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as measured by flow cytometry (FCM). After 12h exposure to LukS-PV (1.00 μM), annexin V-EGFP/propidium iodide (PI) FCM revealed that 19.5±3.6% of THP-1 cells were apoptotic, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining also revealed THP-1 cells were apoptotic. Chip analysis of 84 apoptosis-related genes demonstrated that 9 genes were up-regulated at least 2-fold and that 5 genes were down-regulated at least 2-fold in the treatment group when compared with levels in the control group. Western blotting reveled that the expression of caspase-8 increased significantly (approximately 4-fold). The levels of caspase-9, -3 and Bax increased significantly, and levels of Bcl-2 decreased rapidly with LukS-PV treatment. These data suggest that LukS-PV acts as an anti-leukemia agent and activates AML cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Therefore, LukS-PV may be a multi-targeting drug candidate for the prevention and therapy of AML.
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Fargue S, Rumsby G, Danpure CJ. Multiple mechanisms of action of pyridoxine in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1776-83. [PMID: 23597595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare hereditary calcium oxalate kidney stone disease caused by a deficiency of the liver-specific pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent peroxisomal enzyme alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT). About one third of patients are responsive to pharmacological doses of pyridoxine (vitamin B6), but its mechanism of action is unknown. Using stably transformed Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells expressing various normal and mutant forms of AGT, we have shown that pyridoxine increases the net expression, catalytic activity and peroxisomal import of the most common mistargeted mutant form of AGT (i.e. Gly170Arg on the background of the polymorphic minor allele). These multiple effects explain for the first time the action of pyridoxine in the most common group of responsive patients. Partial effects of pyridoxine were also observed for two other common AGT mutants on the minor allele (i.e. Phe152Ile and Ile244Thr) but not for the minor allele mutant AGT containing a Gly41Arg replacement. These findings demonstrate that pyridoxine, which is metabolised to pyridoxal phosphate, the essential cofactor of AGT, achieves its effects both as a prosthetic group (increasing enzyme catalytic activity) and a chemical chaperone (increasing peroxisome targeting and net expression). This new understanding should aid the development of pharmacological treatments that attempt to enhance efficacy of pyridoxine in PH1, as well as encouraging a re-evaluation of the extent of pyridoxine responsiveness in PH1, as more patients than previously thought might benefit from such treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Fargue
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
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Lionaki E, Tavernarakis N. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial protein quality control in aging. J Proteomics 2013; 92:181-94. [PMID: 23563202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein quality control incorporates an elaborate network of chaperones and proteases that survey the organelle for misfolded or unfolded proteins and toxic aggregates. Repair of misfolded or aggregated protein and proteolytic removal of irreversibly damaged proteins are carried out by the mitochondrial protein quality control system. Initial maturation and folding of the nuclear or mitochondrial-encoded mitochondrial proteins are mediated by processing peptidases and chaperones that interact with the protein translocation machinery. Mitochondrial proteins are subjected to cumulative oxidative damage. Thus, impairment of quality control processes may cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Aging has been associated with a marked decline in the effectiveness of mitochondrial protein quality control. Here, we present an overview of the chaperones and proteases involved in the initial folding and maturation of new, incoming precursor molecules, and the subsequent repair and removal of oxidized aggregated proteins. In addition, we highlight the link between mitochondrial protein quality control mechanisms and the aging process. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Posttranslational Protein modifications in biology and Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Lionaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece
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Pourianfar HR, Javadi A, Grollo L. A colorimetric-based accurate method for the determination of enterovirus 71 titer. Indian J Virol 2012; 23:303-10. [PMID: 24293817 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-012-0105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The 50 % tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) is still one of the most commonly used techniques for estimating virus titers. However, the traditional TCID50 assay is time consuming, susceptible to subjective errors and generates only quantal data. Here, we describe a colorimetric-based approach for the titration of Enterovirus 71 (EV71) using a modified method for making virus dilutions. In summary, the titration of EV71 using MTT or MTS staining with a modified virus dilution method decreased the time of the assay and eliminated the subjectivity of observational results, improving accuracy, reproducibility and reliability of virus titration, in comparison with the conventional TCID50 approach (p < 0.01). In addition, the results provided evidence that there was better correlation between a plaquing assay and our approach when compared to the traditional TCID50 approach. This increased accuracy also improved the ability to predict the number of virus plaque forming units present in a solution. These improvements could be of use for any virological experimentation, where a quick accurate titration of a virus capable of causing cell destruction is required or a sensible estimation of the number of viral plaques based on TCID50 of a virus is desired.
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Dadkhah E, Ziaee M, Davari MH, Kazemi T, Abbaszadegan MR. Informative STR Markers for Marfan Syndrome in Birjand, Iran. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2012; 15:1020-5. [PMID: 23493941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a severe connective tissue disorder withan autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Early diagnosis is critical in MFS. Because of the large size of fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1), the uniqueness of mutations, and the absence of genotype-to-phenotype correlations linkage analysis can be very helpful for early diagnosis of MFS. In this study, eight polymorphic markers were evaluated among families related to an affected pedigree. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extended family in Birjand, Iran, with numerous cases of Marfan Syndrome in three consecutive generations, is being reported. From all consented members of these families, peripheral blood samples were collected in tubes containing EDTA. DNA extraction was performed by the conventional salting-out method. Eight STR markers were selected for linkage analysis, including four intragenic markers (MTS1, MTS2, MTS3, and MTS4) and another four flanking FBN1 markers (D15S119, D15S126, D15S1028, and D15S143). PCR-amplified fragments were evaluated on 15% polyacrylamide gel. RESULTS MTS1, MTS2, and MTS3 were informative in the extended pedigree. D5S1028 was the only non-MTS marker which showed an informative diagnostic capability. CONCLUSION MTS markers were informative and useful in the molecular diagnosis of Marfan Syndrome in an extended pedigree. MTS1, MTS2, and MTS3 can be used as a prenatal or presymptomatic diagnosis for all members of the extended pedigree.
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