1
|
Pu X, Qi B. Lysosomal dysfunction by inactivation of V-ATPase drives innate immune response in C. elegans. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114138. [PMID: 38678555 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogens target vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) to inhibit lysosomal acidification or lysosomal fusion, causing lysosomal dysfunction. However, it remains unknown whether cells can detect dysfunctional lysosomes and initiate an immune response. In this study, we discover that dysfunction of lysosomes caused by inactivation of V-ATPase enhances innate immunity against bacterial infections. We find that lysosomal V-ATPase interacts with DVE-1, whose nuclear localization serves as a proxy for the induction of mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). The inactivation of V-ATPase promotes the nuclear localization of DVE-1, activating UPRmt and inducing downstream immune response genes. Furthermore, pathogen resistance conferred by inactivation of V-ATPase requires dve-1 and its downstream immune effectors. Interestingly, animals grow slower after vha RNAi, suggesting that the vha-RNAi-induced immune response costs the most energy through activation of DVE-1, which trades off with growth. This study reveals how dysfunctional lysosomes can trigger an immune response, emphasizing the importance of conserving energy during immune defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuepiao Pu
- Southwest United Graduate School, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Qi
- Southwest United Graduate School, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo L, Yang J, Yuan W, Li C, Li H, Yang Y, Xue R, Yan K. Baicalein ameliorated obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction by regulating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response through NRF2 signaling. Phytomedicine 2024; 126:155441. [PMID: 38394729 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is the first line of defense against mitochondrial dysfunction in several diseases. Baicalein, which is an extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots, exerts mitoprotective effects on metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. However, it remains unclear whether baicalein alleviates obesity-induced cardiac damage through the UPRmt. PURPOSE The present research designed to clarify the role of baicalein in lipotoxicity-induced myocardial apoptosis and investigated the UPRmt-related mechanism. METHODS In the in vitro experiment, palmitic acid (PA)-treated AC16 cardiomyocytes were established to mimic obesity-induced myocardial injury. After pretreatment of AC16 cells with baicalein, the levels of cell vitality, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and UPRmt-related proteins were determined. Additionally, AC16 cells were treated with ML385 or siRNA to explore the regulation of the UPRmt by NRF2 signaling. In the in vivo experiment, male db/db mice administered with baicalein for 8 weeks were used to validate the effects of baicalein on cardiac damage induced by obesity, the UPRmt, and the NRF2-related pathway. RESULTS In AC16 cardiomyocytes, PA dose-dependently increased the expression of UPRmt markers (HSP60, LONP1, ATF4, and ATF5). This increase was accompanied by enhanced production of mitochondrial ROS, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and elevated the expression levels of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax/Bcl2, eventually leading to cell apoptosis. Baicalein treatment reversed UPRmt activation and mitochondrial damage and impeded mitochondrial-mediated cell apoptosis. Moreover, NRF2 downregulation by its inhibitor ML385 or siRNA diminished baicalein-mediated NRF2 signaling activation and UPRmt inhibition and triggered mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, NRF2 deficiency more intensely activated the UPRmt, resulting in mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis of PA-induced cardiomyocytes, thus indicating that NRF2 plays a vital role in mitochondrial homeostasis regulation. In the in vivo study in db/db mice, baicalein inhibited the UPRmt, enhanced the antioxidant capacity, and attenuated cardiac dysfunction through a NRF2-activated pathway. CONCLUSION To our best knowledge, these results provide the first insight that baicalein inhibits the UPRmt to induce a protective effect against lipotoxicity-induced mitochondrial damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activating NRF2 signaling and suggest a new role of NRF2 in UPRmt regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Guo
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, China
| | - Junle Yang
- Department of Radiology, Xi' an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, China
| | - Wenting Yuan
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chongyao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, China
| | - Runqing Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, China.
| | - Kangkang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zuryn S. C. elegans as a model for health and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:1-3. [PMID: 37567848 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Zuryn
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu S, Liu H, Wang C, Deng Y, Xu B, Yang T, Liu W. Study of ATF4/CHOP axis-mediated mitochondrial unfolded protein response in neuronal apoptosis induced by methylmercury. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114190. [PMID: 37967789 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a widely distributed environmental pollutant that can easily cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain, thereby damaging the central nervous system. Studies have shown that MeHg-induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis play a crucial role in its neurotoxic effects. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is indispensable to maintain mitochondrial protein homeostasis and ensure mitochondrial function, and the ATF4/CHOP axis is one of the signaling pathways to activate UPRmt. In this study, the role of the ATF4/CHOP axis-mediated UPRmt in the neurotoxicity of MeHg has been investigated by C57BL/6 mice and the HT22 cell line. We discovered that mice exposed to MeHg had abnormal neurobehavioral patterns. The pathological section showed a significant decrease in the number of neurons. MeHg also resulted in a reduction in mtDNA copy number and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Additionally, the ATF4/CHOP axis and UPRmt were found to be significantly activated. Subsequently, we used siRNA to knock down ATF4 or CHOP and observed that the expression of UPRmt-related proteins and the apoptosis rate were significantly reduced. Our research showed that exposure to MeHg can over-activate the UPRmt through the ATF4/CHOP axis, leading to mitochondrial damage and ultimately inducing neuronal apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Haihui Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Tianyao Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gaspar RS, Katashima CK, Crisol BM, Carneiro FS, Sampaio I, Silveira LDR, Silva ASRD, Cintra DE, Pauli JR, Ropelle ER. Physical exercise elicits UPR mt in the skeletal muscle: The role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Mol Metab 2023; 78:101816. [PMID: 37821006 PMCID: PMC10590869 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is an adaptive cellular response to stress to ensure mitochondrial proteostasis and function. Here we explore the capacity of physical exercise to induce UPRmt in the skeletal muscle. METHODS Therefore, we combined mouse models of exercise (swimming and treadmill running), pharmacological intervention, and bioinformatics analyses. RESULTS Firstly, RNA sequencing and Western blotting analysis revealed that an acute aerobic session stimulated several mitostress-related genes and protein content in muscle, including the UPRmt markers. Conversely, using a large panel of isogenic strains of BXD mice, we identified that BXD73a and 73b strains displayed low levels of several UPRmt-related genes in the skeletal muscle, and this genotypic feature was accompanied by body weight gain, lower locomotor activity, and aerobic capacity. Finally, we identified that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation was critical in exercise-induced UPRmt in the skeletal muscle since pharmacological JNK pathway inhibition blunted exercise-induced UPRmt markers in mice muscle. CONCLUSION Our findings provide new insights into how exercise triggers mitostress signals toward the oxidative capacity in the skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Stellzer Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Kiyoshi Katashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Barbara Moreira Crisol
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Carneiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Igor Sampaio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Dos Reis Silveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics (Labgen), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil; Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine. University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guo M, Qiao X, Wang Y, Li ZH, Shi C, Chen Y, Kang L, Chen C, Zhou XL. Mitochondrial translational defect extends lifespan in C. elegans by activating UPR mt. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102722. [PMID: 37167879 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are indispensable players in translation. Usually, two or three genes encode cytoplasmic and mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA synthetases (ThrRSs) in eukaryotes. Here, we reported that Caenorhabditis elegans harbors only one tars-1, generating cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ThrRSs via translational reinitiation. Mitochondrial tars-1 knockdown decreased mitochondrial tRNAThr charging and translation and caused pleotropic phenotypes of delayed development, decreased motor ability and prolonged lifespan, which could be rescued by replenishing mitochondrial tars-1. Mitochondrial tars-1 deficiency leads to compromised mitochondrial functions including the decrease in oxygen consumption rate, complex Ⅰ activity and the activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which contributes to longevity. Furthermore, deficiency of other eight mitochondrial aaRSs in C. elegans and five in mammal also caused activation of the UPRmt. In summary, we deciphered the mechanism of one tars-1, generating two aaRSs, and elucidated the biochemical features and physiological function of C. elegans tars-1. We further uncovered a conserved connection between mitochondrial translation deficiency and UPRmt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Guo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xinhua Qiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zi-Han Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chang Shi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lu Kang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chang Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chamseddine D, Mahmud SA, Westfall AK, Castoe TA, Berg RE, Pellegrino MW. The mitochondrial UPR regulator ATF5 promotes intestinal barrier function via control of the satiety response. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111789. [PMID: 36516750 PMCID: PMC9805788 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms use several strategies to mitigate mitochondrial stress, including the activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). The UPRmt in Caenorhabditis elegans, regulated by the transcription factor ATFS-1, expands on this recovery program by inducing an antimicrobial response against pathogens that target mitochondrial function. Here, we show that the mammalian ortholog of ATFS-1, ATF5, protects the host during infection with enteric pathogens but, unexpectedly, by maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Intriguingly, ATF5 supports intestinal barrier function by promoting a satiety response that prevents obesity and associated hyperglycemia. This consequently averts dysregulated glucose metabolism that is detrimental to barrier function. Mechanistically, we show that intestinal ATF5 stimulates the satiety response by transcriptionally regulating the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin, which promotes the secretion of the hormone leptin. We propose that ATF5 protects the host from enteric pathogens by promoting intestinal barrier function through a satiety-response-mediated metabolic control mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douja Chamseddine
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Siraje A Mahmud
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Aundrea K Westfall
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Todd A Castoe
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Rance E Berg
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Mark W Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hu S, Feng J, Wang M, Wufuer R, Liu K, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. Nrf1 is an indispensable redox-determining factor for mitochondrial homeostasis by integrating multi-hierarchical regulatory networks. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102470. [PMID: 36174386 PMCID: PMC9520269 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To defend against a vast variety of challenges in oxygenated environments, all life forms have evolutionally established a set of antioxidants, detoxification, and cytoprotective systems during natural selection and adaptive survival, to maintain cell redox homeostasis and organ integrity in the healthy development and growth. Such antioxidant defense systems are predominantly regulated by two key transcription factors Nrf1 and Nrf2, but the underlying mechanism(s) for their coordinated redox control remains elusive. Here, we found that loss of full-length Nrf1 led to a dramatic increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damages in Nrf1α-∕- cells, and this increase was not eliminated by drastic elevation of Nrf2, even though the antioxidant systems were also substantially enhanced by hyperactive Nrf2. Further studies revealed that the increased ROS production in Nrf1α-∕- resulted from a striking impairment in the mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain and its gene expression regulated by nuclear respiratory factors, called αPalNRF1 and GABPNRF2. In addition to the antioxidant capacity of cells, glycolysis was greatly augmented by aberrantly-elevated Nrf2, so to partially relieve the cellular energy demands, but aggravate its mitochondrial stress. The generation of ROS was also differentially regulated by Nrf1 and Nrf2 through miR-195 and/or mIR-497-mediated UCP2 pathway. Consequently, the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of Nrf1α-∕- cells was activated by putative ROS-stimulated signaling via MAPK, HIF1α, NF-ƙB, PI3K and AKT, all players involved in cancer development and progression. Taken together, it is inferable that Nrf1 acts as a potent integrator of redox regulation by multi-hierarchical networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaofan Hu
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Reziyamu Wufuer
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Keli Liu
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zhengwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, England, United Kingdom
| | - Yiguo Zhang
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li X, Li J, Zhu D, Zhang N, Hao X, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Wu X, Tian Y. Protein disulfide isomerase PDI-6 regulates Wnt secretion to coordinate inter-tissue UPR mt activation and lifespan extension in C. elegans. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110931. [PMID: 35675782 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination of inter-tissue stress signaling is essential for organismal fitness. Neuronal mitochondrial perturbations activate the mitochondrial unfolded-protein response (UPRmt) in the intestine via the mitokine Wnt signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we found that the protein disulfide isomerase PDI-6 coordinates inter-tissue UPRmt signaling via regulating the Wnt ligand EGL-20. PDI-6 is expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and interacts with EGL-20 through disulfide bonds that are essential for EGL-20 stability and secretion. pdi-6 deficiency results in misfolded EGL-20, which leads to its degradation via ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) machinery. Expression of PDI-6 declines drastically with aging, and animals with pdi-6 deficiency have decreased lifespan. Overexpression of PDI-6 is sufficient to maintain Wnt/EGL-20 protein levels during aging, activating the UPRmt, and significantly extending lifespan in a Wnt- and UPRmt-dependent manner. Our study reveals that protein disulfide isomerase facilitates Wnt secretion to coordinate the inter-tissue UPRmt signaling and organismal aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jiasheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Di Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xusheng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yangli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xueying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hou M, Bao W, Gao Y, Chen J, Song G. Honokiol improves cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice through activating mitophagy and mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109741. [PMID: 34752757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activated mitophagy and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) has been reported to protect against mitochondrial dysfunction, which is closely related to the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Honokiol (HKL, C18H18O2) is a kind of natural extraction from bark of Magnolia officinalis with anti-AD effect, and our study aims to explore the effect of HKL on mitophagy and UPRmt in AD. Briefly, male APP/PS1 mice and Aβ oligmer (AβO)-treated primary hippocampal neurons were respectively used to mimic AD in vivo and in vitro. It was determined that HKL significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment and synaptic damages in APP/PS1 mice. Besides, the activated mitophagy and UPRmt together with inhibited oxidative stress and improved mitochondrial dynamic disorder were further validated in hippocampus of HKL-treated APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, HKL-treated mice displayed much higher hippocampal expression and activity of mitochondrial sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). Therefore, SIRT3 knockdown was further achieved in primary hippocampal neurons by effective shRNA, and we determined that HKL improved synaptic damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy and UPRmt in AβO-treated primary hippocampal neurons in a SIRT3-dependent manner. In summary, our study validates the protective effect of HKL on AD, and highlights that HKL exerts anti-AD effect by activating mitophagy and UPRmt.
Collapse
|
11
|
Dabravolski SA, Bezsonov EE, Orekhov AN. The role of mitochondria dysfunction and hepatic senescence in NAFLD development and progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112041. [PMID: 34411916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a crucial player in several metabolic disorders and chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent data prove the involvement of hepatocyte senescence in the development of NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). As the main energy and ROS (reactive oxygen species) producing organelle, mitochondria play the central role in accelerated senescence and diseases development. In this review, we focus on the role of regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, NAD+/NADH ratio, UPRmt (mitochondrial unfolded protein response), phospholipids and fatty acid oxidation in hepatic senescence, lifespan and NAFLD disease susceptibility. Additionally, the involvement of mitochondrial and nuclear mutations in lifespan-modulation and NAFLD development is discussed. While nuclear and mitochondria DNA mutations and SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) can be used as effective diagnostic markers and targets for treatments, advanced age should be considered as an independent risk factor for NAFLD development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A Dabravolski
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [UO VGAVM], 7/11 Dovatora str., 210026 Vitebsk, Belarus.
| | - Evgeny E Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; Department of Basic Research, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow 121609, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu D, Liu Z, Qi X. UPR mt activation protects against MPP +-induced toxicity in a cell culture model of Parkinson's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 569:17-22. [PMID: 34216993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains elusive, but mitochondrial dysfunction is believed to be one crucial step in its pathogenesis. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is an important mitochondrial quality control strategy that maintains mitochondrial function in response to disturbances of mitochondrial protein homeostasis. Activation of the UPRmt and the beneficial effect of rescuing mitochondrial proteostasis have been reported in several genetic models of PD. However, the pathogenic relevance of the UPRmt in idiopathic PD is unknown. The present study examined the link between the UPRmt and mitochondrial dysfunction in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment with MPP + induced activation of the UPRmt, reflected by an increase in the expression of UPRmt-related chaperones, proteases, and transcription mediators. UPRmt activation that was induced by overexpressing mutant ornithine transcarbamylase significantly reduced the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improved cell survival in SH-SY5Y cells following MPP+ treatment. Moreover, the overexpression of activating transcription factor 5 (mammalian UPRmt transcription factor) conferred protection against MPP+-induced ROS production and against cell death in SH-SY5Y cells. Overall, our results demonstrate the beneficial effect of UPRmt activation in MPP + -treated cells, shedding new light on the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD.
Collapse
|
13
|
Hayakawa Y. N-acetyltyrosine-induced redox signaling in hormesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2021; 1868:118990. [PMID: 33617888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A suite of adaptations allows insects to survive in hostile terrestrial environments for long periods of time. Temperature represents a key environmental factor for most ectothermic insects, and they rapidly acclimate to high and low temperatures. Vast amounts of data in this research field support the idea that an insect's ability to tolerate fluctuating temperatures can be regarded as a biphasic hormetic dose response. Observation indicates that their thermal hormetic response represents a conservative estimate of their intrinsic capacity for rapid adaptation to environmental changes in nature because they naturally experience diel or seasonal temperature fluctuations. It is therefore reasonable to suppose that the hormetic response in insects reflects a surplus physiological capacity to deal with temperature changes that they would experience naturally. Although it has been unknown how thermal acclimation is induced, a stress-dependent increase in N-acetyltyrosine (NAT) was recently found to occur in insect larvae who had endured high temperatures. NAT treatment was demonstrated to induce thermotolerance in several tested insect species. NAT was also identified in the serum of humans as well as mice, and its concentration in mice was shown to be increased by heat and restraint stress, with NAT pretreatment lowering the concentrations of corticosterone and peroxidized lipids in stressed mice. These recent findings may give us some hints about how long a hormetic response lasts. Here, I will discuss recent findings underlying hormetic responses induced by an intrinsic factor, NAT, and how the hormetic response may begin and end.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Hayakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhu L, Zhou Q, He L, Chen L. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response: An emerging pathway in human diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:125-134. [PMID: 33347985 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a mitochondria stress response, which the transcriptional activation programs of mitochondrial chaperone proteins and proteases are initiated to maintain proteostasis in mitochondria. Additionally, the activation of UPRmt delays aging and extends lifespan by maintaining mitochondrial proteostasis. Growing evidences suggests that UPRmt plays an important role in diverse human diseases, especially ageing-related diseases. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of UPRmt in ageing and ageing-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease. The activation of UPRmt and the high expression of UPRmt components contribute to longevity extension. The activation of UPRmt may ameliorate Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Besides, UPRmt is also involved in the occurrence and development of cancers and heart diseases. UPRmt contributes to the growth, invasive and metastasis of cancers. UPRmt has paradoxical roles in heart diseases. UPRmt not only protects against heart damage, but may sometimes aggravates the development of heart diseases. Considering the pleiotropic actions of UPRmt system, targeting UPRmt pathway may be a potent therapeutic avenue for neurodegenerative diseases, cancers and heart diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qionglin Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gohel D, Singh R. Mitohormesis; Potential implications in neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrion 2020; 56:40-46. [PMID: 33220499 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), which is a major burden on the society. Therefore, understanding the regulation of mitochondrial dysfunctions and its implication in neurodegeneration has been major goal for exploiting these mechanisms to rescue neuronal death. The crosstalk between mitochondria and nucleus is important for different neuronal functions including axonal branching, energy homeostasis, neuroinflammation and neuronal survival. The decreased mitochondria capacity during progressive neurodegeneration leads to the altered OXPHOS activity and generation of ROS. The ROS levels in narrow physiological range can reprogram nuclear gene expression to enhance the cellular survival by phenomenon called mitohormesis. Here, we have systematically reviewed the existing reports of mitochondrial dysfunctions causing altered ROS levels in NDDs. We further discussed the role of ROS in regulating mitohormesis and emphasized the importance of mitohormesis in neuronal homeostasis. The emerging role of mitohormesis highlights its importance in future studies on intracellular ROS mediated rescue of mitochondrial dysfunction along with other prevailing mechanisms to alleviate neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Gohel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rolland SG, Schneid S, Schwarz M, Rackles E, Fischer C, Haeussler S, Regmi SG, Yeroslaviz A, Habermann B, Mokranjac D, Lambie E, Conradt B. Compromised Mitochondrial Protein Import Acts as a Signal for UPR mt. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1659-1669.e5. [PMID: 31412237 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) results in increased transcription of the gene encoding the mitochondrial chaperone HSP70. We systematically screened the C. elegans genome and identified 171 genes that, when knocked down, induce the expression of an hsp-6 HSP70 reporter and encode mitochondrial proteins. These genes represent many, but not all, mitochondrial processes (e.g., mitochondrial calcium homeostasis and mitophagy are not represented). Knockdown of these genes leads to reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and, hence, decreased protein import into mitochondria. In addition, it induces UPRmt in a manner that is dependent on ATFS-1 but that is not antagonized by the kinase GCN-2. We propose that compromised mitochondrial protein import signals the induction of UPRmt and that the mitochondrial targeting sequence of ATFS-1 functions as a sensor for this signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Schneid
- Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Melanie Schwarz
- Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Christian Fischer
- Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Center for Integrated Protein Science, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Simon Haeussler
- Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Saroj G Regmi
- Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Assa Yeroslaviz
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Computational Systems Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bianca Habermann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Computational Systems Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dejana Mokranjac
- Biomedical Center Munich - Physiological Chemistry, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Eric Lambie
- Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Barbara Conradt
- Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Center for Integrated Protein Science, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lan J, Rollins JA, Zang X, Wu D, Zou L, Wang Z, Ye C, Wu Z, Kapahi P, Rogers AN, Chen D. Translational Regulation of Non-autonomous Mitochondrial Stress Response Promotes Longevity. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1050-1062.e6. [PMID: 31340143 PMCID: PMC6684276 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced mRNA translation delays aging, but the underlying mechanisms remain underexplored. Mutations in both DAF-2 (IGF-1 receptor) and RSKS-1 (ribosomal S6 kinase/S6K) cause synergistic lifespan extension in C. elegans. To understand the roles of translational regulation in this process, we performed polysomal profiling and identified translationally regulated ribosomal and cytochrome c (CYC-2.1) genes as key mediators of longevity. cyc-2.1 knockdown significantly extends lifespan by activating the intestinal mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), mitochondrial fission, and AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). The germline serves as the key tissue for cyc-2.1 to regulate lifespan, and germline-specific cyc-2.1 knockdown non-autonomously activates intestinal UPRmt and AMPK. Furthermore, the RNA-binding protein GLD-1-mediated translational repression of cyc-2.1 in the germline is important for the non-autonomous activation of UPRmt and synergistic longevity of the daf-2 rsks-1 mutant. Altogether, these results illustrate a translationally regulated non-autonomous mitochondrial stress response mechanism in the modulation of lifespan by insulin-like signaling and S6K. To understand how reduced translation delays aging, Lan et al. perform translational profiling in C. elegans and propose that, in the significantly long-lived daf-2 rsks-1 mutant, serial translational regulation leads to reduced cytochrome c in the germline, which non-autonomously activates UPRmt and AMPK in the metabolic tissue to ensure longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Rd, Pukou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Jarod A Rollins
- MDI Biological Laboratory, 159 Old Bar Harbor Rd., Salisbury Cove, ME 04672, USA
| | - Xiao Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Rd, Pukou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Rd, Pukou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Lina Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Rd, Pukou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Zi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Rd, Pukou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Chang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Rd, Pukou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Zixing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Rd, Pukou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
| | - Aric N Rogers
- MDI Biological Laboratory, 159 Old Bar Harbor Rd., Salisbury Cove, ME 04672, USA.
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Rd, Pukou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kenny TC, Craig AJ, Villanueva A, Germain D. Mitohormesis Primes Tumor Invasion and Metastasis. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2292-2303.e6. [PMID: 31116976 PMCID: PMC6579120 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate mitochondrial stress can lead to persistent activation of cytoprotective mechanisms - a phenomenon termed mitohormesis. Here, we show that mitohormesis primes a subpopulation of cancer cells to basally upregulate mitochondrial stress responses, such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) providing an adaptive metastatic advantage. In this subpopulation, UPRmt activation persists in the absence of stress, resulting in reduced oxidative stress indicative of mitohormesis. Mechanistically, we showed that the SIRT3 axis of UPRmt is necessary for invasion and metastasis. In breast cancer patients, a 7-gene UPRmt signature demonstrated that UPRmt-HIGH patients have significantly worse clinical outcomes, including metastasis. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that UPRmt-HIGH patients have expression profiles characterized by metastatic programs and the cytoprotective outcomes of mitohormesis. While mitohormesis is associated with health and longevity in non-pathological settings, these results indicate that it is perniciously used by cancer cells to promote tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Kenny
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Amanda J Craig
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Liver Diseases, Liver Cancer Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Augusto Villanueva
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Liver Diseases, Liver Cancer Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Doris Germain
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tran HC, Van Aken O. Mitochondrial unfolded protein-related responses across kingdoms: similar problems, different regulators. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:166-177. [PMID: 32502630 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key components of eukaryotic cells, so their proper functioning is monitored via different mitochondrial signalling responses. One of these mitochondria-to-nuclear 'retrograde' responses to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis is the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which can be activated by a variety of defects including blocking mitochondrial translation, respiration, protein import or transmembrane potential. Although UPRmt was first reported in cultured mammalian cells, this signalling pathway has also been extensively studied in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In yeast, there are no published studies focusing on UPRmt in a strict sense, but other unfolded protein responses (UPR) that appear related to UPRmt have been described, such as the UPR activated by protein mistargeting (UPRam) and mitochondrial compromised protein import response (mitoCPR). In plants, very little is known about UPRmt and only recently some of the regulators have been identified. In this paper, we summarise and compare the current knowledge of the UPRmt and related responses across eukaryotic kingdoms: animals, fungi and plants. Our comparison suggests that each kingdom has evolved its own specific set of regulators, however, the functional categories represented among UPRmt-related target genes appear to be largely overlapping. This indicates that the strategies for preserving proper mitochondrial functions are partially conserved, targeting mitochondrial chaperones, proteases, import components, dynamics and stress response, but likely also non-mitochondrial functions including growth regulators/hormone balance and amino acid metabolism. We also identify homologs of known UPRmt regulators and responsive genes across kingdoms, which may be interesting targets for future research.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gomez M, Germain D. Cross talk between SOD1 and the mitochondrial UPR in cancer and neurodegeneration. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 98:12-18. [PMID: 31028834 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is rapidly gaining attention. While the CHOP (ATF4/5) axis of the UPRmt was the first to be described, other axes have subsequently been reported. Validation of this complex pathway in C. elegans has been extensively studied. However, validation of the UPRmt in mouse models of disease known to implicate mitochondrial reprogramming or dysfunction, such as cancer and neurodegeneration, respectively, is only beginning to emerge. This review summarizes recent findings and highlights the major role of the superoxide dismutase SOD1 in the communication between the mitochondria and the nucleus in these settings. While SOD1 has mostly been studied in the context of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS), recent studies suggest that SOD1 may be a potentially important mediator of the UPRmt and converge to emphasize an increasingly vital role of SOD1 as a therapeutic target in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gomez
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Doris Germain
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, New York, 10029, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang Q, Wu X, Chen P, Liu L, Xin N, Tian Y, Dillin A. The Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response Is Mediated Cell-Non-autonomously by Retromer-Dependent Wnt Signaling. Cell 2018; 174:870-883.e17. [PMID: 30057120 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) can be triggered in a cell-non-autonomous fashion across multiple tissues in response to mitochondrial dysfunction. The ability to communicate information about the presence of mitochondrial stress enables a global response that can ultimately better protect an organism from local mitochondrial challenges. We find that animals use retromer-dependent Wnt signaling to propagate mitochondrial stress signals from the nervous system to peripheral tissues. Specifically, the polyQ40-triggered activation of mitochondrial stress or reduction of cco-1 (complex IV subunit) in neurons of C. elegans results in the Wnt-dependent induction of cell-non-autonomous UPRmt in peripheral cells. Loss-of-function mutations of retromer complex components that are responsible for recycling the Wnt secretion-factor/MIG-14 prevent Wnt secretion and thereby suppress cell-non-autonomous UPRmt. Neuronal expression of the Wnt ligand/EGL-20 is sufficient to induce cell-non-autonomous UPRmt in a retromer complex-, Wnt signaling-, and serotonin-dependent manner, clearly implicating Wnt signaling as a strong candidate for the "mitokine" signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Limeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Nan Xin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223 Kunming, China.
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lin S, Xing H, Zang T, Ruan X, Wo L, He M. Sirtuins in mitochondrial stress: Indispensable helpers behind the scenes. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 44:22-32. [PMID: 29580919 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential part in guaranteeing normal cellular physiological functions through providing ATP and participating in diverse processes and signaling pathways. Recently, more and more studies have revealed the vital roles of mitochondria in coping with stressors in the aging process, metabolic disturbances and neurological disorders. Mitochondrial stress responses, including the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), antioxidant defense, mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial fusion and mitophagy, are induced to maintain cellular integrity in response to stress. The sirtuin family, a group of NAD+-dependent deacetylases, has been the focus of much attention in recent years for their multiple regulatory functions, especially in aging and metabolism. Recent reports validated the significant link between mitochondrial stress responses and the sirtuin family, which may help to elucidate the pathogenesis and therapies for diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease. This review will summarize recent related studies and illuminate the interplay between sirtuins and mitochondrial stress.
Collapse
|
23
|
Deng P, Haynes CM. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer: Potential roles of ATF5 and the mitochondrial UPR. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:43-9. [PMID: 28499833 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria form a cellular network of organelles, or cellular compartments, that efficiently couple nutrients to energy production in the form of ATP. As cancer cells rely heavily on glycolysis, historically mitochondria and the cellular pathways in place to maintain mitochondrial activities were thought to be more relevant to diseases observed in non-dividing cells such as muscles and neurons. However, more recently it has become clear that cancers rely heavily on mitochondrial activities including lipid, nucleotide and amino acid synthesis, suppression of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis as well as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for growth and survival. Considering the variety of conditions and stresses that cancer cell mitochondria may incur such as hypoxia, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial genome mutagenesis, we examine potential roles for a mitochondrial-protective transcriptional response known as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in cancer cell biology.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)) promotes the recovery of dysfunctional mitochondria. Surprisingly, UPR(mt) activation inadvertently maintains and propagates the deleterious mtDNA in a heteroplasmic Caenorhabditis elegans strain, with detrimental consequences. This study extends our understanding of the UPR(mt) and provides a possible therapeutic target for diseases associated with mtDNA mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Carsten Merkwirth
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Runkel ED, Baumeister R, Schulze E. Mitochondrial stress: balancing friend and foe. Exp Gerontol 2014; 56:194-201. [PMID: 24603155 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital organelles of the aerobic eukaryotic cell. Their dysfunction associates with aging and widespread age-related diseases. To sustain mitochondrial integrity, the cell executes a distinct set of stress-induced protective responses. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)) is a response of the cell to mitochondrial damage. The transcription factor ATFS-1 triggers UPR(mt) effector gene expression in the nucleus. The selective exclusion of ATFS-1 from mitochondrial import by stress-induced alterations of the mitochondrial membrane potential is currently discussed as key activation mechanism. Surprisingly, UPR(mt) activation often coincides with a lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans and the same has recently been reported for mammalian cells. This review summarizes the current model of the UPR(mt), its inducers, and its crosstalk with other cellular stress responses. It focuses on the role of mitochondrial function as a regulator of aging and longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Diana Runkel
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology III, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Germany
| | - Ralf Baumeister
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology III, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, ZBMZ Center of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Schulze
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology III, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lionaki E, Tavernarakis N. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial protein quality control in aging. J Proteomics 2013; 92:181-94. [PMID: 23563202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein quality control incorporates an elaborate network of chaperones and proteases that survey the organelle for misfolded or unfolded proteins and toxic aggregates. Repair of misfolded or aggregated protein and proteolytic removal of irreversibly damaged proteins are carried out by the mitochondrial protein quality control system. Initial maturation and folding of the nuclear or mitochondrial-encoded mitochondrial proteins are mediated by processing peptidases and chaperones that interact with the protein translocation machinery. Mitochondrial proteins are subjected to cumulative oxidative damage. Thus, impairment of quality control processes may cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Aging has been associated with a marked decline in the effectiveness of mitochondrial protein quality control. Here, we present an overview of the chaperones and proteases involved in the initial folding and maturation of new, incoming precursor molecules, and the subsequent repair and removal of oxidized aggregated proteins. In addition, we highlight the link between mitochondrial protein quality control mechanisms and the aging process. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Posttranslational Protein modifications in biology and Medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Lionaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|