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Copeland WE, Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Turner LV, Tong G, Ahmeti-Pronaj A, Au A, Bellina M, Caldas JC, Chen YC, Csemy L, da Rocha MM, Dobrean A, Ezpeleta L, Funabiki Y, Harder VS, Lecannelier F, Leiner de la Cabada M, Leung P, Liu J, Mahr S, Malykh S, Markovic J, Ndetei DM, Oh KJ, Petot JM, Riad G, Sakarya D, Samaniego VC, Sebre S, Shahini M, Silvares E, Simulioniene R, Sokoli E, Talcott JB, Vazquez N, Wolanczyk T, Zasepa E. Cultural contributions to adults' self-rated mental health problems and strengths: 7 culture clusters, 28 societies, 16 906 adults. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7581-7590. [PMID: 37203460 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown how much variation in adult mental health problems is associated with differences between societal/cultural groups, over and above differences between individuals. METHODS To test these relative contributions, a consortium of indigenous researchers collected Adult Self-Report (ASR) ratings from 16 906 18- to 59-year-olds in 28 societies that represented seven culture clusters identified in the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness study (e.g. Confucian, Anglo). The ASR is scored on 17 problem scales, plus a personal strengths scale. Hierarchical linear modeling estimated variance accounted for by individual differences (including measurement error), society, and culture cluster. Multi-level analyses of covariance tested age and gender effects. RESULTS Across the 17 problem scales, the variance accounted for by individual differences ranged from 80.3% for DSM-oriented anxiety problems to 95.2% for DSM-oriented avoidant personality (mean = 90.7%); by society: 3.2% for DSM-oriented somatic problems to 8.0% for DSM-oriented anxiety problems (mean = 6.3%); and by culture cluster: 0.0% for DSM-oriented avoidant personality to 11.6% for DSM-oriented anxiety problems (mean = 3.0%). For strengths, individual differences accounted for 80.8% of variance, societal differences 10.5%, and cultural differences 8.7%. Age and gender had very small effects. CONCLUSIONS Overall, adults' self-ratings of mental health problems and strengths were associated much more with individual differences than societal/cultural differences, although this varied across scales. These findings support cross-cultural use of standardized measures to assess mental health problems, but urge caution in assessment of personal strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Copeland
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Masha Y Ivanova
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Thomas M Achenbach
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Lori V Turner
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Guangyu Tong
- Yale University, 135 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Adelina Ahmeti-Pronaj
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Kosova, 10000 Prishtine, Kosova
| | - Alma Au
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Monica Bellina
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute, 7 Padiglione, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini, Lecco 23842, Italy
| | - J Carlos Caldas
- Departamento de Ciências Sociais e do Comportamento, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde - Norte, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Yi-Chuen Chen
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Ladislav Csemy
- Prague Psychiatric Centre, Laboratory of Social Psychiatry, Ustavni 91, 181 03 Praha 8, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marina M da Rocha
- University Paulista (Unip), Institute of Human Sciences, Rua Francisco Bautista, 300, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anca Dobrean
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University, 400015, Rupublicii st. 37, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Lourdes Ezpeleta
- Departament de Psicologia Clinica i de la Salut, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Yasuko Funabiki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Valerie S Harder
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | | | - Marie Leiner de la Cabada
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, P. O. Box 43091 Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Patrick Leung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 356, Sino Building, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd., Room 426, Claire M. Fagin Hall, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Safia Mahr
- Departement de Psychologie, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défense, Laboratoire EVACLIPSY, Batiment C, 3e Etage, Salles C.319 & C.321, 200 Avenue de la Republique, Nanterre 92001, France
| | - Sergey Malykh
- Psychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education, Mokhovaya str, 9/4, Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Jasminka Markovic
- Medical Faculty Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 1, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - David M Ndetei
- Africa Mental Health Foundation, P.O. Box 48423-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kyung Ja Oh
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Soedaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jean-Michel Petot
- Departement de Psychologie, Université de Paris Ouest, Laboratoire EVACLIPSY, Batiment C, 3 Etage, Salles C.319 & C.321, 200 Avenue de la Republique, Nanterre 92001, France
| | | | - Direnc Sakarya
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Sandra Sebre
- Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Jurmalas Avenue 74/76, Riga, Latvia LV-1083
| | - Mimoza Shahini
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Kosova, 10000 Prishtine, Kosova
| | - Edwiges Silvares
- University of São Paulo, Instituto de Psicologia, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 1721, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roma Simulioniene
- Department of Psychology, Klaipeda University, Herkaus Manto str. 84, Klaipeda 92294, Lithuania
| | - Elvisa Sokoli
- Department of Psychology, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Joel B Talcott
- Aston Brain Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK B4 7ET
| | - Natalia Vazquez
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomasz Wolanczyk
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Zasepa
- The Maria Grzegorzewska Academy of Special Education, Room 3609, Szczesliwicka 40, 02-353, Warsaw, Poland
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Rescorla LA, Achenbach TM, Ivanova MY, Turner LV, Althoff RR, Árnadóttir HA, Au A, Bellina M, Caldas JC, Chen YC, Csemy L, da Rocha MM, Decoster J, Fontaine JRJ, Funabiki Y, Guðmundsson HS, Harder VS, Kim YA, Leung P, Ndetei DM, Maraš JS, Marković J, Oh KJ, Samaniego VC, Sebre S, Silvares E, Simulioniene R, Sokoli E, Vazquez N, Zasepa E. Problems and Adaptive Functioning Reported by Adults in 17 Societies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1037/ipp0000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study tested for similarities and differences across societies in self-ratings of problems, personal strengths, and aspects of adaptive functioning on the Adult Self-Report (ASR) for nonclinical samples of adults ages 18 to 59 in 17 societies ( N = 10,197). Results indicated considerable consistency across societies regarding mean ratings on the ASR problem items. Most effect sizes (ESs) for societal differences in problem scales were small (2–5%). Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses indicated that culture clusters and society accounted for small percentages of variance in Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems scores, with most of the variation accounted for by individual differences within societies. In contrast to the small effects of society on problem scores, for the ASR Personal Strengths scale the societal ES was 34% and culture cluster accounted for 12% of the variance. Worse reported relations with spouse/partner were associated with higher problem scores. Overall, findings indicated considerable similarity but also some important differences in self-reported problems and adaptive functioning across 17 societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alma Au
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - Monica Bellina
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute
| | - J. C. Caldas
- Department of Social Sciences and Behavior, Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude-Norte
| | - Yi-Chuen Chen
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University
| | | | - Marina M. da Rocha
- Developmental Disorders Program, Centre for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University
| | - Jeroen Decoster
- Department of Personnel Management, Work, and Organizational Psychology, Ghent University
| | - Johnny R. J. Fontaine
- Department of Personnel Management, Work, and Organizational Psychology, Ghent University
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Leung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Jasminka Marković
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Natalia Vazquez
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
| | - Ewa Zasepa
- The Maria Grzegorzewska Academy of Special Education
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Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA, Tumer LV, Ahmeti-Pronaj A, Au A, Maese CA, Bellina M, Caldas JC, Chen YC, Csemy L, da Rocha MM, Decoster J, Dobrean A, Ezpeleta L, Fontaine JRJ, Funabiki Y, Guðmundsson HS, Harder VS, de la Cabada ML, Leung P, Liu J, Mahr S, Malykh S, Maras JS, Markovic J, Ndetei DM, Oh KJ, Petot JM, Riad G, Sakarya D, Samaniego VC, Sebre S, Shahini M, Silvares E, Simulioniene R, Sokoli E, Talcott JB, Vazquez N, Zasepa E. Syndromes of Self-Reported Psychopathology for Ages 18-59 in 29 Societies. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 2014; 37:171-183. [PMID: 29805197 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-014-9448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the multi-society generalizability of an eight-syndrome assessment model derived from factor analyses of American adults' self-ratings of 120 behavioral, emotional, and social problems. The Adult Self-Report (ASR; Achenbach and Rescorla 2003) was completed by 17,152 18-59-year-olds in 29 societies. Confirmatory factor analyses tested the fit of self-ratings in each sample to the eight-syndrome model. The primary model fit index (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) showed good model fit for all samples, while secondary indices showed acceptable to good fit. Only 5 (0.06%) of the 8,598 estimated parameters were outside the admissible parameter space. Confidence intervals indicated that sampling fluctuations could account for the deviant parameters. Results thus supported the tested model in societies differing widely in social, political, and economic systems, languages, ethnicities, religions, and geographical regions. Although other items, societies, and analytic methods might yield different results, the findings indicate that adults in very diverse societies were willing and able to rate themselves on the same standardized set of 120 problem items. Moreover, their self-ratings fit an eight-syndrome model previously derived from self-ratings by American adults. The support for the statistically derived syndrome model is consistent with previous findings for parent, teacher, and self-ratings of 1½-18-year-olds in many societies. The ASR and its parallel collateral-report instrument, the Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL), may offer mental health professionals practical tools for the multi-informant assessment of clinical constructs of adult psychopathology that appear to be meaningful across diverse societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masha Y Ivanova
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Thomas M Achenbach
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Leslie A Rescorla
- Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 N. Merion Avenue, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010, USA,
| | - Lori V Tumer
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Adelina Ahmeti-Pronaj
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Kosova, 10000 Prishtine, Kosova
| | - Alma Au
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong, China,
| | - Carmen Avila Maese
- El Colegio de Chihuahua, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y calle Partido Díaz, sin número, Colonia Progresista, 32300 Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico,
| | - Monica Bellina
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute, 7 Padiglione, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini, (Lecco), Italy 23842,
| | - J Carlos Caldas
- Departamento de Ciências Sociais e do Comportamento, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde - Norte, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, PRD, Portugal,
| | - Yi-Chuen Chen
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan 62102,
| | - Ladislav Csemy
- Prague Psychiatric Centre, Laboratory of Social Psychiatry, Ustavni 91, 181 03 Praha 8, Prague, Czech Republic,
| | - Marina M da Rocha
- Institute of Human Sciences, University Paulista (Unip), Rua Francisco Bautista, 300, São Paulo, Brazil 04182-020,
| | - Jeroen Decoster
- Department of Personnel Management, Work, and Organizational Psychology, Ghent University, Henry Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anca Dobrean
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University, Rupublicii st. 37, 400015 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Lourdes Ezpeleta
- Departament de Psicologia Clinica i de la Salut, Edifici B, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain 08193,
| | - Johnny R J Fontaine
- Department of Personnel Management, Work, and Organizational Psychology, Ghent University, Henry Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yasuko Funabiki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan 606-8507
| | - Halldór S Guðmundsson
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Iceland, Gimli v., Saemundargata, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland,
| | - Valerie S Harder
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Marie Leiner de la Cabada
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences, Center, P. O. Box 43091, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA,
| | - Patrick Leung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 356, Sino Building, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 418, Curie Blvd., Room 426, Claire M. Fagin Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6096, USA,
| | - Safia Mahr
- Departement de Psychologie, Laboratoire EVACLIPSY, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défense, Batiment C, 3e Etage, Salles C.319 & C.321, 200 Avenue de la Republique, Nanterre, France 92001
| | - Sergey Malykh
- Psychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education, Mokhovaya str., 9/4, Moscow, Russia 125009,
| | | | - Jasminka Markovic
- Medical Faculty Novi Sad, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 1, Novi Sad, Serbia 21000,
| | - David M Ndetei
- Africa Mental Health Foundation, P.O. Box 48423-00100, Nairobi, Kenya,
| | - Kyung Ja Oh
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Soedaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea 120-749,
| | - Jean-Michel Petot
- Departement de Psychologie, Laboratoire EVACLIPSY, Université, de Paris Ouest, Batiment C, 3 Etage, Salles C.319 & C.321, 200, Avenue de la Republique, Nanterre, France 92001,
| | | | - Direnc Sakarya
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey,
| | | | - Sandra Sebre
- Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Jurmalas Avenue, 74/76, Riga, Latvia 1083,
| | - Mimoza Shahini
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Kosova, 10000 Prishtine, Kosova
| | - Edwiges Silvares
- Instituto de Psicologia, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 1721, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-030,
| | - Roma Simulioniene
- Department of Psychology, Klaipeda University, Herkaus Manto, str. 84, Klaipeda, Lithuania 92294,
| | - Elvisa Sokoli
- Department of Psychology, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania,
| | - Joel B Talcott
- Aston Brain Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK B4 7ET,
| | - Natalia Vazquez
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
| | - Ewa Zasepa
- The Maria Grzegorzewska Academy of Special Education, Room, 3609, Szczesliwicka 40, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland,
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