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Copeland WE, Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Turner LV, Tong G, Ahmeti-Pronaj A, Au A, Bellina M, Caldas JC, Chen YC, Csemy L, da Rocha MM, Dobrean A, Ezpeleta L, Funabiki Y, Harder VS, Lecannelier F, Leiner de la Cabada M, Leung P, Liu J, Mahr S, Malykh S, Markovic J, Ndetei DM, Oh KJ, Petot JM, Riad G, Sakarya D, Samaniego VC, Sebre S, Shahini M, Silvares E, Simulioniene R, Sokoli E, Talcott JB, Vazquez N, Wolanczyk T, Zasepa E. Cultural contributions to adults' self-rated mental health problems and strengths: 7 culture clusters, 28 societies, 16 906 adults. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7581-7590. [PMID: 37203460 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown how much variation in adult mental health problems is associated with differences between societal/cultural groups, over and above differences between individuals. METHODS To test these relative contributions, a consortium of indigenous researchers collected Adult Self-Report (ASR) ratings from 16 906 18- to 59-year-olds in 28 societies that represented seven culture clusters identified in the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness study (e.g. Confucian, Anglo). The ASR is scored on 17 problem scales, plus a personal strengths scale. Hierarchical linear modeling estimated variance accounted for by individual differences (including measurement error), society, and culture cluster. Multi-level analyses of covariance tested age and gender effects. RESULTS Across the 17 problem scales, the variance accounted for by individual differences ranged from 80.3% for DSM-oriented anxiety problems to 95.2% for DSM-oriented avoidant personality (mean = 90.7%); by society: 3.2% for DSM-oriented somatic problems to 8.0% for DSM-oriented anxiety problems (mean = 6.3%); and by culture cluster: 0.0% for DSM-oriented avoidant personality to 11.6% for DSM-oriented anxiety problems (mean = 3.0%). For strengths, individual differences accounted for 80.8% of variance, societal differences 10.5%, and cultural differences 8.7%. Age and gender had very small effects. CONCLUSIONS Overall, adults' self-ratings of mental health problems and strengths were associated much more with individual differences than societal/cultural differences, although this varied across scales. These findings support cross-cultural use of standardized measures to assess mental health problems, but urge caution in assessment of personal strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Copeland
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Masha Y Ivanova
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Thomas M Achenbach
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Lori V Turner
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Guangyu Tong
- Yale University, 135 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Adelina Ahmeti-Pronaj
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Kosova, 10000 Prishtine, Kosova
| | - Alma Au
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Monica Bellina
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute, 7 Padiglione, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini, Lecco 23842, Italy
| | - J Carlos Caldas
- Departamento de Ciências Sociais e do Comportamento, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde - Norte, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Yi-Chuen Chen
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Ladislav Csemy
- Prague Psychiatric Centre, Laboratory of Social Psychiatry, Ustavni 91, 181 03 Praha 8, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marina M da Rocha
- University Paulista (Unip), Institute of Human Sciences, Rua Francisco Bautista, 300, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anca Dobrean
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University, 400015, Rupublicii st. 37, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Lourdes Ezpeleta
- Departament de Psicologia Clinica i de la Salut, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Yasuko Funabiki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Valerie S Harder
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | | | - Marie Leiner de la Cabada
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, P. O. Box 43091 Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Patrick Leung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 356, Sino Building, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd., Room 426, Claire M. Fagin Hall, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Safia Mahr
- Departement de Psychologie, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défense, Laboratoire EVACLIPSY, Batiment C, 3e Etage, Salles C.319 & C.321, 200 Avenue de la Republique, Nanterre 92001, France
| | - Sergey Malykh
- Psychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education, Mokhovaya str, 9/4, Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Jasminka Markovic
- Medical Faculty Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 1, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - David M Ndetei
- Africa Mental Health Foundation, P.O. Box 48423-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kyung Ja Oh
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Soedaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jean-Michel Petot
- Departement de Psychologie, Université de Paris Ouest, Laboratoire EVACLIPSY, Batiment C, 3 Etage, Salles C.319 & C.321, 200 Avenue de la Republique, Nanterre 92001, France
| | | | - Direnc Sakarya
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Sandra Sebre
- Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Jurmalas Avenue 74/76, Riga, Latvia LV-1083
| | - Mimoza Shahini
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Kosova, 10000 Prishtine, Kosova
| | - Edwiges Silvares
- University of São Paulo, Instituto de Psicologia, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 1721, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roma Simulioniene
- Department of Psychology, Klaipeda University, Herkaus Manto str. 84, Klaipeda 92294, Lithuania
| | - Elvisa Sokoli
- Department of Psychology, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Joel B Talcott
- Aston Brain Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK B4 7ET
| | - Natalia Vazquez
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomasz Wolanczyk
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Zasepa
- The Maria Grzegorzewska Academy of Special Education, Room 3609, Szczesliwicka 40, 02-353, Warsaw, Poland
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Baldus C, Elgán TH, Soyez V, Tønnesen H, Arnaud N, Csemy L, Thomasius R. Risky Sexual Behaviour and Sexual Victimization among Young People with Risky Substance Use in Europe-Perspectives from Belgium, Sweden, the Czech Republic, and Germany. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:7002. [PMID: 37947560 PMCID: PMC10648046 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20217002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research indicates that among the risks associated with young people's alcohol and illicit drug use are sexual risks. However, insights into co-occurrence of substance use and sexual risks in adolescent samples and possible differences across countries are limited. METHODS A sample of 1449 adolescents from Belgium, Sweden, the Czech Republic, and Germany screened positive for risky alcohol/illicit drug use in a web-based intervention against alcohol and illicit drug use. They also reported incidents of sex while being drunk and/or high on drugs, condomless sex on these occasions, and sexualized touching and sexual victimization while being drunk or high on drugs. RESULTS In the sample, 21.5% of the participants reported sexualized touching, 9.9% being victim to sexual assault, and 49.8% having had sex while being drunk and/or high on drugs; of the latter, 48.3% had condomless sex. Reports on having had sex while being drunk and/or high on drugs were associated with higher levels of past 30-day binge drinking. Being a victim of sexual assault was associated with past 30-day binge drinking only in young men. CONCLUSION When devising preventive interventions against risky substance use in adolescents, an additional focus should be set on integrating steps against sexual risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Baldus
- German Centre for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence (DZSKJ), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias H. Elgán
- STAD, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, 11364 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Veerle Soyez
- Department of Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Hanne Tønnesen
- Clinical Health Promotion Centre, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Arnaud
- German Centre for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence (DZSKJ), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ladislav Csemy
- Public Mental Health Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Rainer Thomasius
- German Centre for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence (DZSKJ), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Bianchi V, Rescorla L, Rosi E, Grazioli S, Mauri M, Frigerio A, Achenbach TM, Ivanova MY, Csemy L, Decoster J, Fontaine JR, Funabiki Y, Ndetei DM, Oh KJ, da Rocha MM, Šimulioniene R, Sokoli E, Molteni M, Nobile M. Emotional Dysregulation in Adults from 10 World Societies: An Epidemiological Latent Class Analysis of the Adult-Self-Report. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2022; 22:100301. [PMID: 35572074 PMCID: PMC9055064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Method Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bianchi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Rosi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Italy
- Corresponding author: Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy (23842)
| | - Silvia Grazioli
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mauri
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Italy
- PhD School in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Alessandra Frigerio
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Italy
| | - Thomas M. Achenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Masha Y. Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Ladislav Csemy
- Prague Psychiatric Centre, Laboratory of Social Psychiatry, Czech Republic
| | - Jeroen Decoster
- Department of Department of Work, Organization, and Society, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Johnny R.J. Fontaine
- Department of Department of Work, Organization, and Society, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | | | - Kyung Ja Oh
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, South Korea
| | | | | | - Elvisa Sokoli
- Department of Psychology, University of Tirana, Albania
| | - Massimo Molteni
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Italy
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Winkler P, Formanek T, Mlada K, Kagstrom A, Mohrova Z, Mohr P, Csemy L. Increase in prevalence of current mental disorders in the context of COVID-19: analysis of repeated nationwide cross-sectional surveys. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2020; 29:e173. [PMID: 32988427 PMCID: PMC7573458 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796020000888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The United Nations warned of COVID-19-related mental health crisis; however, it is unknown whether there is an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders as existing studies lack a reliable baseline analysis or they did not use a diagnostic measure. We aimed to analyse trends in the prevalence of mental disorders prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We analysed data from repeated cross-sectional surveys on a representative sample of non-institutionalised Czech adults (18+ years) from both November 2017 (n = 3306; 54% females) and May 2020 (n = 3021; 52% females). We used Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) as the main screening instrument. We calculated descriptive statistics and compared the prevalence of current mood and anxiety disorders, suicide risk and alcohol-related disorders at baseline and right after the first peak of COVID-19 when related lockdown was still in place in CZ. In addition, using logistic regression, we assessed the association between COVID-19-related worries and the presence of mental disorders. RESULTS The prevalence of those experiencing symptoms of at least one current mental disorder rose from a baseline of 20.02 (95% CI = 18.64; 21.39) in 2017 to 29.63 (95% CI = 27.9; 31.37) in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of both major depressive disorder (3.96, 95% CI = 3.28; 4.62 v. 11.77, 95% CI = 10.56; 12.99); and suicide risk (3.88, 95% CI = 3.21; 4.52 v. 11.88, 95% CI = 10.64; 13.07) tripled and current anxiety disorders almost doubled (7.79, 95% CI = 6.87; 8.7 v. 12.84, 95% CI = 11.6; 14.05). The prevalence of alcohol use disorders in 2020 was approximately the same as in 2017 (10.84, 95% CI = 9.78; 11.89 v. 9.88, 95% CI = 8.74; 10.98); however, there was a significant increase in weekly binge drinking behaviours (4.07% v. 6.39%). Strong worries about both, health or economic consequences of COVID-19, were associated with an increased odds of having a mental disorder (1.63, 95% CI = 1.4; 1.89 and 1.42, 95% CI = 1.23; 1.63 respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence matching concerns that COVID-19-related mental health problems pose a major threat to populations, particularly considering the barriers in service provision posed during lockdown. This finding emphasises an urgent need to scale up mental health promotion and prevention globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Winkler
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, David Goldberg Centre, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - T. Formanek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - K. Mlada
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Husova 3, 301 00Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - A. Kagstrom
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Z. Mohrova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - P. Mohr
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 100 00Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L. Csemy
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
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5
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Knight JR, Csemy L, Sherritt L, Starostova O, Van Hook S, Bacic J, Finlay C, Tauber J, Brooks T, Kossack R, Kulig JW, Shaw J, Harris SK. Screening and Brief Advice to Reduce Adolescents' Risk of Riding With Substance-Using Drivers. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2019. [PMID: 30079877 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol- and drug-related car crashes are a leading cause of death for adolescents in the United States. This analysis tested the effects of a computer-facilitated Screening and Brief Advice (cSBA) system for primary care on adolescents' reports of driving after drinking or drug use (driving) and riding with substance-using drivers (riding). METHOD Twelve- to 18-year-old patients (N = 2,096) at nine New England pediatric offices completed assessments only during the initial 18-month treatment-as-usual (TAU) phase. Subsequently, the 18-month cSBA intervention phase began with a 1-hour provider training and implementation of the cSBA system at all sites. cSBA included a notebook-computer with self-administered screener, immediate scoring and feedback, and 10 pages of scientific information and true-life stories illustrating substance-related harms. Providers received screening results, "talking points" for 2 to 3 minutes of counseling, and a Contract for Life handout. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations generated adjusted relative risk ratios (aRRR) for past-90-day driving and riding risk at 3- and 12-month follow-ups, controlling for significant covariates. RESULTS We found no significant effects on driving outcomes. At 3 months, cSBA youth were less likely than TAU to report riding with a drinking driver (aRRR = 0.70, 95% CI [0.49, 1.00]), and less likely to report riding with a driver who had used cannabis or other drugs (aRRR = 0.46, 95% CI [0.29, 0.74]). The effect was even greater (aRRR = 0.34, 95% CI [0.16, 0.71]) for riding with drinking drivers who were adult family members. All effects dissipated by 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Screening and pediatrician brief advice shows promise for reducing adolescents' risk of riding with substance-using drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ladislav Csemy
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Centre for Evaluation, Prevention and Research of Substance Abuse, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lon Sherritt
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olga Starostova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Centre for Evaluation, Prevention and Research of Substance Abuse, Prague, Czech Republic.,The Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, U Kříže 8158 00 Prague 5 Jinonice, Czech Republic
| | - Shari Van Hook
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Janine Bacic
- Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Caroline Finlay
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica Tauber
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Traci Brooks
- Department of Pediatrics, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Teen Health Center, Cambridge Rindge and Latin High School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Teen Health Center, Somerville High School, Somerville, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Kossack
- Department of Pediatrics, Reliant Medical Group, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - John W Kulig
- Department of Pediatrics, Tufts Medical Center-Floating Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judith Shaw
- Vermont Child Health Improvement Project, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,Milton Family Practice, Milton, Vermont.,Colchester Family Practice, Road, Colchester, Vermont
| | - Sion Kim Harris
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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6
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Knight JR, Kuzubova K, Csemy L, Sherritt L, Copelas S, Harris SK. Computer-Facilitated Screening and Brief Advice to Reduce Adolescents' Heavy Episodic Drinking: A Study in Two Countries. J Adolesc Health 2018; 62:118-120. [PMID: 29054734 PMCID: PMC5742033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A computer-facilitated screening and brief advice (cSBA) intervention was previously shown to reduce drinking among U.S. adolescents but not among Czech youth. The purpose of this study was to assess cSBA effect on heavy episodic drinking (HED). METHODS Participants were 12- to 18-year-olds at nine U.S. primary care offices (N = 2,096) and 10 Czech pediatrician-generalist offices (N = 589) who completed measurements only during an 18-month treatment-as-usual (TAU) phase. We then initiated the cSBA protocol for all participants and recruited the 18-month cSBA phase. Generalized Estimating Equations logistic regression compared past-90-day HED for cSBA versus TAU at 3- and 12-months, controlling for baseline HED and other covariates. RESULTS Baseline past-90-day HED rates were 11% for U.S. and 28% for Czech youth. At 3 months, among Czech baseline non-HED, the adjusted relative risk ratio for cSBA versus TAU was .52 (95% confidence interval .29, .92). The effect dissipated by 12 months. CONCLUSIONS cSBA shows promise for short-term prevention of adolescent HED.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; The Center for Adolescent Substance Abuse Research (CeASAR), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Kateryna Kuzubova
- Department of Counseling and School Psychology, University of Massachustts, Boston, MA
| | - Ladislav Csemy
- Centre for Evaluation, Prevention and Research of Substance Abuse, Prague, Czech Republic,Prague Psychiatric Centre, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lon Sherritt
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA,The Center for Adolescent Substance Abuse Research (CeASAR), Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA (Coordinating Site)
| | - Sarah Copelas
- University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME
| | - Sion Kim Harris
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA,Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA,The Center for Adolescent Substance Abuse Research (CeASAR), Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA (Coordinating Site)
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7
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Belackova V, Vacek J, Janikova B, Mravcik V, Zabransky T, Ivanovova L, Csemy L. “Just another drug” for marginalized users: The risks of using synthetic cathinones among NSP clients in the Czech Republic. Journal of Substance Use 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2016.1271034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vendula Belackova
- Department of Addictology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General Teaching Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Vacek
- Department of Addictology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General Teaching Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Janikova
- Department of Addictology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General Teaching Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Mravcik
- Department of Addictology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General Teaching Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Zabransky
- Department of Addictology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General Teaching Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Ivanovova
- Department of Addictology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General Teaching Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Csemy
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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8
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Pribilova N, Paclt I, Kollarova P, Kohoutova M, Dezortova M, Hajek M, Csemy L. Long term pharmacotherapy by methylfenidate or atomoxetine DAT 1 10/10 ADHD children in correlation with results of the imaging methods. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2016; 37:289-294. [PMID: 27857045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES ADHD is one of the most significant diagnostic units in child and adolescent psychiatry. The occurrence in children is 5-6% and 50-80% continued to adult age. The presence of individual genes (polymorphism) on particular symptoms and processes in ADHD are not known. It is estimated that ADHD symptoms are up to 80% to genetic. The higher density of resultant DAT 1 protein was observed in ADHD patients in comparison with controls. The question was if DAT 1 10/10 predicted bad prognoses in long term therapy. METHODS We compared 30 ADHD DAT 1 10/10 adolescents treated for 5-6 years. Patients with 30 control adolescents. They were the same age of probands and controls. All these subjects were examined by child psychiatry scales (Conners, Achenbach…). Biological changes were tested by MRI specific CNS volumometry. RESULTS We didn't confirm bad prognoses in long term therapy with methylphenidate or atomoxetine in ADHD children DAT 1 10/10 in long term therapy. In MRI specific CNS volumometry were not identify any differences in controls and ADHD probands. Gray matter thickness was significantly higher in prefrontal and occipital areas in patients compared to control in prefrontal and occipital areas with cluster-wise p-value<0.05. By this method were not identify any cerebrum damage in long term therapy by methylphenidate and atomoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Pribilova
- Department of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Paclt
- Department of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patricie Kollarova
- Department of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Kohoutova
- Department of Biology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Dezortova
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, MR Unit, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Hajek
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, MR Unit, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Anderson P, Wojnar M, Jakubczyk A, Gual A, Segura L, Sovinova H, Csemy L, Kaner E, Newbury-Birch D, Fornasin A, Struzzo P, Ronda G, van Steenkiste B, Keurhorst M, Laurant M, Ribeiro C, do Rosário F, Alves I, Scafato E, Gadin C, Kolsek M. Managing Alcohol Problems in General Practice in Europe: Results from the European ODHIN Survey of General Practitioners. Alcohol Alcohol 2016; 51:630. [PMID: 27522030 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agw055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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10
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Abstract
The rapid dissemination of drug use among adolescents in the Czech Republic and other Central and Eastern European countries during the 1990s had a significant impact on health care and social services for this population group. This paper describes the current situation related to drug use among adolescents in the Czech Republic and in other European countries and discusses several attitudinal and behavioral correlates of drug use among young people. The results presented here have been extracted from a database of the European School Survey on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) from 1995, 1999, and 2003. At the time of data collection, the average age of respondents in the sample was 15.4 years. Marijuana was the most common illicit substance used by European adolescents. The results also showed a marked increase in the number of adolescents who use substances repeatedly between 1995 and 2003. A marked increase in the popularity of ecstasy occurred in the same period. Between 1999 and 2003, the use of opiates and amphetamines in the Czech Republic decreased slightly. Attitudinal variables indicate that Czech adolescents tend to be more tolerant towards selected forms of drug using behavior than are their peers in Europe. The policy by which society tries to confront drug related health and social issues includes an expansion of the network of specialized facilities for treatment and resocialization and long-term programs in the field of prevention. In the future, the significance of programs that focus on early detection and intervention will increase.
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11
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Rescorla LA, Achenbach TM, Ivanova MY, Turner LV, Althoff RR, Árnadóttir HA, Au A, Bellina M, Caldas JC, Chen YC, Csemy L, da Rocha MM, Decoster J, Fontaine JRJ, Funabiki Y, Guðmundsson HS, Harder VS, Kim YA, Leung P, Ndetei DM, Maraš JS, Marković J, Oh KJ, Samaniego VC, Sebre S, Silvares E, Simulioniene R, Sokoli E, Vazquez N, Zasepa E. Problems and Adaptive Functioning Reported by Adults in 17 Societies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1037/ipp0000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study tested for similarities and differences across societies in self-ratings of problems, personal strengths, and aspects of adaptive functioning on the Adult Self-Report (ASR) for nonclinical samples of adults ages 18 to 59 in 17 societies ( N = 10,197). Results indicated considerable consistency across societies regarding mean ratings on the ASR problem items. Most effect sizes (ESs) for societal differences in problem scales were small (2–5%). Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses indicated that culture clusters and society accounted for small percentages of variance in Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems scores, with most of the variation accounted for by individual differences within societies. In contrast to the small effects of society on problem scores, for the ASR Personal Strengths scale the societal ES was 34% and culture cluster accounted for 12% of the variance. Worse reported relations with spouse/partner were associated with higher problem scores. Overall, findings indicated considerable similarity but also some important differences in self-reported problems and adaptive functioning across 17 societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alma Au
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - Monica Bellina
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute
| | - J. C. Caldas
- Department of Social Sciences and Behavior, Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude-Norte
| | - Yi-Chuen Chen
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University
| | | | - Marina M. da Rocha
- Developmental Disorders Program, Centre for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University
| | - Jeroen Decoster
- Department of Personnel Management, Work, and Organizational Psychology, Ghent University
| | - Johnny R. J. Fontaine
- Department of Personnel Management, Work, and Organizational Psychology, Ghent University
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Leung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Jasminka Marković
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Natalia Vazquez
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
| | - Ewa Zasepa
- The Maria Grzegorzewska Academy of Special Education
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12
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Paclt I, Pribilová N, Kollárová P, Kohoutová M, Dezortová M, Hájek M, Csemy L. Reverse asymmetry and changes in brain structural volume of the basal ganglia in ADHD, developmental changes and the impact of stimulant medications. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2016; 37:29-32. [PMID: 26994382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We discussed the cross section studies and the meta-analysis of published data in children and adolescents with ADHD (both drug naive and receiving stimulant medications), in comparison with healthy children and adolescents of the same age. In children and adolescents with ADHD the deceleration of the maturation dynamics of discrete CNS structures is found, volume reduction and decreased grey matter in prefrontal and occipital regions, which is accompanied by reverse asymmetry of the basal ganglia volume (putamen, nucleus caudate). The above mentioned developmental characteristics are valid only for the ADHD children, who have not been treated by stimulant medications. The stimulant treatment eliminates the mentioned changes into various extend. These developmental changes of CNS structures volume are missing in girls.
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13
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Sovinova H, Csemy L. Risky drinkers and their physicians. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2015. [PMCID: PMC4596946 DOI: 10.1186/1940-0640-10-s2-p11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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14
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15
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Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA, Tumer LV, Ahmeti-Pronaj A, Au A, Maese CA, Bellina M, Caldas JC, Chen YC, Csemy L, da Rocha MM, Decoster J, Dobrean A, Ezpeleta L, Fontaine JRJ, Funabiki Y, Guðmundsson HS, Harder VS, de la Cabada ML, Leung P, Liu J, Mahr S, Malykh S, Maras JS, Markovic J, Ndetei DM, Oh KJ, Petot JM, Riad G, Sakarya D, Samaniego VC, Sebre S, Shahini M, Silvares E, Simulioniene R, Sokoli E, Talcott JB, Vazquez N, Zasepa E. Syndromes of Self-Reported Psychopathology for Ages 18-59 in 29 Societies. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 2014; 37:171-183. [PMID: 29805197 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-014-9448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the multi-society generalizability of an eight-syndrome assessment model derived from factor analyses of American adults' self-ratings of 120 behavioral, emotional, and social problems. The Adult Self-Report (ASR; Achenbach and Rescorla 2003) was completed by 17,152 18-59-year-olds in 29 societies. Confirmatory factor analyses tested the fit of self-ratings in each sample to the eight-syndrome model. The primary model fit index (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) showed good model fit for all samples, while secondary indices showed acceptable to good fit. Only 5 (0.06%) of the 8,598 estimated parameters were outside the admissible parameter space. Confidence intervals indicated that sampling fluctuations could account for the deviant parameters. Results thus supported the tested model in societies differing widely in social, political, and economic systems, languages, ethnicities, religions, and geographical regions. Although other items, societies, and analytic methods might yield different results, the findings indicate that adults in very diverse societies were willing and able to rate themselves on the same standardized set of 120 problem items. Moreover, their self-ratings fit an eight-syndrome model previously derived from self-ratings by American adults. The support for the statistically derived syndrome model is consistent with previous findings for parent, teacher, and self-ratings of 1½-18-year-olds in many societies. The ASR and its parallel collateral-report instrument, the Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL), may offer mental health professionals practical tools for the multi-informant assessment of clinical constructs of adult psychopathology that appear to be meaningful across diverse societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masha Y Ivanova
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Thomas M Achenbach
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Leslie A Rescorla
- Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 N. Merion Avenue, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010, USA,
| | - Lori V Tumer
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Adelina Ahmeti-Pronaj
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Kosova, 10000 Prishtine, Kosova
| | - Alma Au
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong, China,
| | - Carmen Avila Maese
- El Colegio de Chihuahua, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y calle Partido Díaz, sin número, Colonia Progresista, 32300 Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico,
| | - Monica Bellina
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute, 7 Padiglione, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini, (Lecco), Italy 23842,
| | - J Carlos Caldas
- Departamento de Ciências Sociais e do Comportamento, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde - Norte, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, PRD, Portugal,
| | - Yi-Chuen Chen
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan 62102,
| | - Ladislav Csemy
- Prague Psychiatric Centre, Laboratory of Social Psychiatry, Ustavni 91, 181 03 Praha 8, Prague, Czech Republic,
| | - Marina M da Rocha
- Institute of Human Sciences, University Paulista (Unip), Rua Francisco Bautista, 300, São Paulo, Brazil 04182-020,
| | - Jeroen Decoster
- Department of Personnel Management, Work, and Organizational Psychology, Ghent University, Henry Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anca Dobrean
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University, Rupublicii st. 37, 400015 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Lourdes Ezpeleta
- Departament de Psicologia Clinica i de la Salut, Edifici B, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain 08193,
| | - Johnny R J Fontaine
- Department of Personnel Management, Work, and Organizational Psychology, Ghent University, Henry Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yasuko Funabiki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan 606-8507
| | - Halldór S Guðmundsson
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Iceland, Gimli v., Saemundargata, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland,
| | - Valerie S Harder
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Marie Leiner de la Cabada
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences, Center, P. O. Box 43091, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA,
| | - Patrick Leung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 356, Sino Building, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 418, Curie Blvd., Room 426, Claire M. Fagin Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6096, USA,
| | - Safia Mahr
- Departement de Psychologie, Laboratoire EVACLIPSY, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défense, Batiment C, 3e Etage, Salles C.319 & C.321, 200 Avenue de la Republique, Nanterre, France 92001
| | - Sergey Malykh
- Psychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education, Mokhovaya str., 9/4, Moscow, Russia 125009,
| | | | - Jasminka Markovic
- Medical Faculty Novi Sad, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 1, Novi Sad, Serbia 21000,
| | - David M Ndetei
- Africa Mental Health Foundation, P.O. Box 48423-00100, Nairobi, Kenya,
| | - Kyung Ja Oh
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Soedaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea 120-749,
| | - Jean-Michel Petot
- Departement de Psychologie, Laboratoire EVACLIPSY, Université, de Paris Ouest, Batiment C, 3 Etage, Salles C.319 & C.321, 200, Avenue de la Republique, Nanterre, France 92001,
| | | | - Direnc Sakarya
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey,
| | | | - Sandra Sebre
- Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Jurmalas Avenue, 74/76, Riga, Latvia 1083,
| | - Mimoza Shahini
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Kosova, 10000 Prishtine, Kosova
| | - Edwiges Silvares
- Instituto de Psicologia, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 1721, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-030,
| | - Roma Simulioniene
- Department of Psychology, Klaipeda University, Herkaus Manto, str. 84, Klaipeda, Lithuania 92294,
| | - Elvisa Sokoli
- Department of Psychology, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania,
| | - Joel B Talcott
- Aston Brain Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK B4 7ET,
| | - Natalia Vazquez
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
| | - Ewa Zasepa
- The Maria Grzegorzewska Academy of Special Education, Room, 3609, Szczesliwicka 40, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland,
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Anderson P, Wojnar M, Jakubczyk A, Gual A, Reynolds J, Segura L, Sovinova H, Csemy L, Kaner E, Newbury-Birch D, Fornasin A, Struzzo P, Ronda G, van Steenkiste B, Keurhorst M, Laurant M, Ribeiro C, do Rosário F, Alves I, Scafato E, Gandin C, Kolsek M. Managing Alcohol Problems in General Practice in Europe: Results from the European ODHIN Survey of General Practitioners. Alcohol Alcohol 2014; 49:531-9. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agu043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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17
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18
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Sovinova H, Csemy L, Prochazka B. Alcohol-related expectations and risky drinking in young adult Czechs. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2012. [PMCID: PMC3480150 DOI: 10.1186/1940-0640-7-s1-a37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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19
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Krch FD, Csemy L. Authoritarian and aggressive attitudes of the czech adolescents. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2011; 11:177-188. [PMID: 22912253 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh.1999.11.3-4.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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20
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Paclt I, Ptácek R, Kuzelová H, Cermáková N, Trefilová A, Kollárová P, Cálková T, Csemy L, Cíhal L. Circadian rhythms of saliva melatonin in ADHD, anxious and normal children. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2011; 32:790-798. [PMID: 22286786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders are the most frequent psychiatric disorders in children. Changes in rhythms of symptoms during the day may be influenced by genetic, biological and psychological factors. Some changes of melatonin rhythm may hypothetically change the activity of ADHD by changing arousal or in anxiety children by changing their emotional state. In our present study we identify one group of ADHD children combine type without comorbids, one group of anxiety children and a control group. Most changes of melatonin daily rhythm are supposed in the anxiety group, especially in sleeping time, and more prominent change in the ADHD group with prominent hyperactivity and conduct disorder symptoms. METHODS Thirty-four ADHD and forty-three control children and eleven anxiety children, all 6-12 years old, participated in the study. The saliva specimens were collected in four different sessions during the school year, around the time of the spring and autumn equinox, when the natural light lasted 11.2 h ± 0.9 h. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In our study more symptoms of conduct disorder elevated positive or negative correlations between psychopathology and saliva level of melatonin in ADHD and anxiety samples. We hypothesize that co-morbidity of ADHD or anxiety with impulsivity and conduct disorders might have elevated correlations between psychopathology of ADHD or anxiety and plasma melatonin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Paclt
- Department of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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21
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Hassan A, Csemy L, Rappo MA, Knight JR. Adolescent substance abuse around the world: an international perspective. Adolesc Med State Art Rev 2009; 20:915-ix. [PMID: 20653209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Substance use among adolescents is a serious problem worldwide. Despite the commonly held belief that European youth have fewer problems with drinking than American youth, recent data from representative surveys in Europe and the United States suggest that the opposite may be true. While extensive research on youth alcohol and drug use exists in developed countries, data are lacking in other regions of the world. Sharing knowledge across countries and cultures may help us better understand patterns of youth substance use, related problems, and treatment needs, and may increase the likelihood that countries will develop informed social policies for their adolescent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Hassan
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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22
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Sovinová H, Csemy L, Warren CW, Lee J, Lea V. Changes in tobacco use among 13-15-year-olds in the Czech Republic--2002 and 2007. Cent Eur J Public Health 2009; 16:199-204. [PMID: 19256289 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a3497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Czech Republic is a member of the European Union (EU) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The EU has made tobacco use prevention a primary health issue and WHO European Region has adopted the European Strategy for Tobacco Control. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the status of tobacco use among adolescents in the Czech Republic and relate these findings to the tobacco control programme efforts supported by the EU and WHO. METHODS Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data were collected from representative samples of students in grades associated with ages 13-15 in the Czech Republic in 2002 and 2007. RESULTS Current cigarette smoking decreased from 35% to 31% overall. Exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) in public places remained unchanged over time (75% in 2007). Almost half of respondents reported having a parent who smokes and about one third had best friends who smoked. There were significant decreases in exposure to pro-tobacco advertisements on billboards in magazines. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to reduce the current and projected harm caused by tobacco use in the Czech Republic are urgently needed. The Czech Republic needs to expand its national comprehensive tobacco prevention and control programmes and enforce those laws already passed. Without this effort little reduction can be expected in the burden of chronic diseases and tobacco-related mortality. What this paper adds. Results from the GYTS conducted in the Czech Republic indicate a number of serious challenges to prevent and control tobacco use in the region despite a range of ongoing tobacco control activities. GYTS data can enhance countries' capacity to monitor tobacco use among youth; guide development, implementation, and evaluation of their national tobacco prevention and control programme; and allow comparison of tobacco-related data at the national, regional, and global levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Sovinová
- National Institute of Public Health, Srobárova 48, 100 42 Praque 10, Czech Republic. -mail:
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23
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Kuendig H, Plant ML, Plant MA, Kuntsche S, Miller P, Gmel G, Ahlström S, Bergmark KH, Olafsdóttir H, Elekes Z, Csemy L, Knibbe R. Beyond drinking: differential effects of demographic and socioeconomic factors on alcohol-related adverse consequences across European countries. Eur Addict Res 2008; 14:150-60. [PMID: 18552491 DOI: 10.1159/000130419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Evidence underlines the importance of drinking patterns and individual characteristics in experiencing adverse alcohol-related consequences; however, little research has been conducted to explore who does and who does not experience consequences with similar drinking patterns. Using data from seven European countries, this study assesses the association between demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and six adverse consequences. METHODS Conditional logistic regression models were estimated, cases (experiencing a consequence) being matched to controls (not experiencing the consequence) by drinking patterns. RESULTS In general, protective effects with increasing age and being in a partnership were consistent. Gender effects were mixed, but mainly protective for women. Educational achievement and economic status showed consistent effects across countries, but different directions of effect across consequences. Consequences mostly associated with individual drinking pattern (injury, blackout, and loss of control over drinking) exhibited similar patterns of associations, but varying ones arose for consequences additionally influenced by societal reaction to drinking (guilt, role failure, and pressure to cut down drinking). CONCLUSION Differences in strengths and directions of effects across consequences pointed to the possibility that the reporting of adverse consequences is not only influenced by alcohol consumption, but also by attributional processes related to demographic and socioeconomic statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Kuendig
- Swiss Institute for the Prevention of Alcohol and Drug Problems, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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