P5995A novel biased S1P1 agonist improves renal and cardiac functions in ZSF1 rats, a model of metabolic syndrome-associated Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction

Background/Introduction

Heart Failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major cause of death worldwide with currently no approved treatment. Diastolic dysfunction, dyspnea, intolerance to effort, high cardiac filling pressure, and lung congestion coexist with normal ejection fraction in this clinical syndrome. Ageing, obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and renal dysfunction are the main comorbidities found in this heterogeneous group of patients. Microvascular endothelial dysfunction, driven by these risk factors, may be a common link with other aspects of the HFpEF pathogenesis that include oxidative stress, inflammation, cardiomyocyte stiffness/hypertrophy, and myofibroblast accumulation. Sphingosine-1-phosphate type-1 receptor (S1P1), a G protein–coupled receptor highly expressed in endothelial cells, regulates vascular integrity, vascular development and immune cell trafficking. Compound A is a novel G protein-biased S1P1 agonist that lacks functional antagonism and has endothelial-protective properties.

Purpose

S1P1 activation could promote phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, restoration of endothelial structure and function, and thus diminish cardiac and vascular stiffness, hypertrophy and fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate if compound A could improve renal and cardiac functions in a rat model of HFpEF with metabolic syndrome.

Methods

65-week-old obese ZSF1 rats were fed a chow diet containing compound A (8 mg/kg/day) or no compound for 4 weeks. Lean ZSF1 and Wistar rats were included in the study as control groups. Urinary protein/creatinine ratio was measured as an index of glomerular injury. Cardiac hypertrophy and function were assessed by two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Total cardiac and atrial weights and pulmonary edema were assessed.

Results

The obese ZSF1 rat was confirmed as a relevant model of HFpEF with advanced renal dysfunction. These rats showed severe glomerular filtration impairment, left ventricular and atrial hypertrophy and pulmonary edema. Cardiac systolic function, cardiac output and chamber volumes were preserved, diastolic function was impaired, and left ventricular posterior walls and septal thicknesses were increased compared to control groups. Four weeks of compound A treatment reduced urinary protein/creatinine ratio, blunted cardiac and atrial hypertrophy, and partially restored diastolic function. Circulating lymphocytes were not reduced by compound A, confirming that these pharmacological effects were not associated with S1P1 desensitization.

Conclusion

Compound A, a novel S1P1 agonist with endothelial properties, improves cardiac and renal functions in a rat model of metabolic syndrome-associated HFpEF. Sustained S1P1 activation with compound A may be a promising strategy for HFpEF treatment.

Dataset of vibrational and acoustic measurements for squeal analysis from the laboratory brake setup Friction-Induced Vibration and noisE at Ecole Centrale de Lyon (FIVE@ECL)

This data article comprises raw records to investigate the dynamic behavior of a brake system during controlled braking tests and its squeal characterization through the generation of friction-induced vibration. Experiments have been performed on the laboratory brake setup Friction-Induced Vibration and noisE at Ecole Centrale de Lyon (FIVE@ECL), France. The data provided include measurements for each component of the brake system (i.e. the acceleration measurements on the two pads and the caliper and the normal displacements of the disc), as well as a complete measurement of sounds and squeal noise in near-field and in far-field during a braking test. Data of the four operational parameters (i.e. the application pressure during braking, the rotating speed of the disc, the motor torque and the temperature close to the pad/disc brake system) are also captured during experiment. All the results from this data will help researchers and engineers in proper analysis of brake squeal and advanced understanding of links between friction-induced vibration and squeal noise. One of the main original contribution is also to share the data sets to give the opportunity to researchers for testing and validating numerical models of brake system with the proposed data of squeal noise. This Data in Brief article is an additional item directly along side the following paper published in the Elsevier journal Mechanical System and Signal Processing: J-J. Sinou, D.Lenoir, S. Besset and F. Gillot, Squeal analysis based on the laboratory experimental bench "Friction-Induced Vibration and noisE at Ecole Centrale de Lyon (FIVE@ECL)", Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Volume 119, 2019, Pages 561-588. 10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.07.006.

Control of the refractive index in photopolymerizable materials for (2+1)D solitary wave guide formation

We report an experimental and theoretical study on the optimization of (2+1)D self-written waveguide formation inside a photopolymerizable material. The accurate control of the refractive index value inside the bulk of the material during the polymerization process gives us the opportunity to define a virtual core and a virtual cladding for the system. The V value which characterizes the guidance properties of a fiber can be applied to this propagation. The control of the V value allows us to propagate single mode or multimode waveguides on a few centimeters. Numerical simulations of these waveguides based on a paraxial model including both photopolymerization and Kerr effect give very good agreement with our experimental results.

[Early education in autonomous bronchial drainage in the management of patients with hypersecretion]

In the context of excess bronchial secretions respiratory physiotherapy too often involves treatment by the therapist alone for the bronchial secretions. A more detailed analysis of the causes of the secretions often show evidence of the incapacity of the patient to manage autonomous bronchial drainage. Education thus becomes a priority in an attempt to improve the quality of life, and to slow the alteration of respiratory function linked to chronic hypersecretion and perhaps to reduce the consumption of medication and care. Such an outcome does not exclude regular supervision of respiratory prescriptions and treatment; maintenance of the learning process is also required to assist the patient when autonomy becomes too difficult to cope with.

[De novo trisomy 4p by 4p isochromosome]

A new example of trisomy 4p is reported, due in this case to formation of an isochromosome i(4p). The long arm of chromosome 4 was translocated onto the short arm of chromosome 1.