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Tittarelli A, Pereda C, Gleisner MA, López MN, Flores I, Tempio F, Lladser A, Achour A, González FE, Durán-Aniotz C, Miranda JP, Larrondo M, Salazar-Onfray F. Long-Term Survival and Immune Response Dynamics in Melanoma Patients Undergoing TAPCells-Based Vaccination Therapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:357. [PMID: 38675738 PMCID: PMC11053591 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines present a promising avenue for treating immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs)-refractory patients, fostering immune responses to modulate the tumor microenvironment. We revisit a phase I/II trial using Tumor Antigen-Presenting Cells (TAPCells) (NCT06152367), an autologous antigen-presenting cell vaccine loaded with heat-shocked allogeneic melanoma cell lysates. Initial findings showcased TAPCells inducing lysate-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, correlating with prolonged survival. Here, we extend our analysis over 15 years, categorizing patients into short-term (<36 months) and long-term (≥36 months) survivors, exploring novel associations between clinical outcomes and demographic, genetic, and immunologic parameters. Notably, DTHpos patients exhibit a 53.1% three-year survival compared to 16.1% in DTHneg patients. Extended remissions are observed in long-term survivors, particularly DTHpos/M1cneg patients. Younger age, stage III disease, and moderate immune events also benefit short-term survivors. Immunomarkers like increased C-type lectin domain family 2 member D on CD4+ T cells and elevated interleukin-17A were detected in long-term survivors. In contrast, toll-like receptor-4 D229G polymorphism and reduced CD32 on B cells are associated with reduced survival. TAPCells achieved stable long remissions in 35.2% of patients, especially M1cneg/DTHpos cases. Conclusions: Our study underscores the potential of vaccine-induced immune responses in melanoma, emphasizing the identification of emerging biological markers and clinical parameters for predicting long-term remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Tittarelli
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8940577, Chile;
| | - Cristian Pereda
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.P.); (M.A.G.); (M.N.L.); (I.F.); (F.T.)
| | - María A. Gleisner
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.P.); (M.A.G.); (M.N.L.); (I.F.); (F.T.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Mercedes N. López
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.P.); (M.A.G.); (M.N.L.); (I.F.); (F.T.)
| | - Iván Flores
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.P.); (M.A.G.); (M.N.L.); (I.F.); (F.T.)
| | - Fabián Tempio
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.P.); (M.A.G.); (M.N.L.); (I.F.); (F.T.)
| | - Alvaro Lladser
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 8580702, Chile;
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8580702, Chile
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fermín E. González
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology & Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Claudia Durán-Aniotz
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago 7941169, Chile;
| | | | - Milton Larrondo
- Banco de Sangre, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.P.); (M.A.G.); (M.N.L.); (I.F.); (F.T.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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Vargas L, Valdivieso N, Tempio F, Simon V, Sauma D, Valenzuela L, Beltrán C, Castillo-Delgado L, Contreras-Benavides X, Acevedo ML, Acevedo J, Gonzalez RI, Valiente-Echeverría F, Soto-Rifo R, Rosemblatt M, Lopez M, Osorio F, Bono MR. Serological study of CoronaVac vaccine and booster doses in Chile: immunogenicity and persistence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies. BMC Med 2022; 20:216. [PMID: 35676738 PMCID: PMC9177225 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chile was severely affected by COVID19 outbreaks but was also one of the first countries to start a nationwide program to vaccinate against the disease. Furthermore, Chile became one of the fastest countries to inoculate a high percentage of the target population and implemented homologous and heterologous booster schemes in late 2021 to prevent potential immunological waning. The aim of this study is to compare the immunogenicity and time course of the humoral response elicited by the CoronaVac vaccine in combination with homologous versus heterologous boosters. METHODS We compared the immunogenicity of two doses of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 vaccines and one homologous or heterologous booster through an ELISA assay directed against the ancestral spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Sera were collected from individuals during the vaccination schedule and throughout the implementation of homologous and heterologous booster programs in Chile. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that a two-dose vaccination scheme with CoronaVac induces lower levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies than BNT162b2 in a broad age range (median age 42 years; interquartile range (IQR) 27-61). Furthermore, antibody production declines with time in individuals vaccinated with CoronaVac and less noticeably, with BNT162b2. Analysis of booster schemes revealed that individuals vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac generate immunological memory against the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain, which can be re-activated with homologous or heterologous (BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1) boosters. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the antibody response with the heterologous booster regime was considerably higher (induction fold BNT162b2: 11.2x; ChAdoX1; 12.4x; CoronaVac: 6.0x) than the responses induced by the homologous scheme. Both homologous and heterologous boosters induced persistent humoral responses (median 122 days, IQR (108-133)), although heterologous boosters remained superior in activating a humoral response after 100 days. CONCLUSIONS Two doses of CoronaVac induces antibody titers against the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain which are lower in magnitude than those induced by the BNT162b2 vaccine. However, the response induced by CoronaVac can be greatly potentiated with a heterologous booster scheme with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 vaccines. Furthermore, the heterologous and homologous booster regimes induce a durable antibody response which does not show signs of decay 3 months after the booster dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vargas
- Laboratory of Immunology, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, 7800003, Santiago, Chile.,Centro Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Valdivieso
- Laboratory of Immunology, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, 7800003, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Tempio
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoediting, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeska Simon
- Laboratory of Immunology, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, 7800003, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Sauma
- Laboratory of Immunology, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, 7800003, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucía Valenzuela
- Immunogastroenterology Lab., Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Facullty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caroll Beltrán
- Immunogastroenterology Lab., Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Facullty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loriana Castillo-Delgado
- Hospital Clínico Metropolitano La Florida "Dra. Eloisa Diaz I.", Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | | | - Mónica L Acevedo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Virology, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Johanna Acevedo
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael I Gonzalez
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CEDENNA, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Valiente-Echeverría
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Virology, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Soto-Rifo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Virology, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Rosemblatt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, 7800003, Santiago, Chile.,Centro Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mercedes Lopez
- Centro Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago, Chile. .,Laboratory of Cancer Immunoediting, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Fabiola Osorio
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile. .,Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.
| | - María Rosa Bono
- Laboratory of Immunology, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, 7800003, Santiago, Chile. .,Centro Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Santiago, Chile.
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García-González P, Tempio F, Fuentes C, Merino C, Vargas L, Simon V, Ramirez-Pereira M, Rojas V, Tobar E, Landskron G, Araya JP, Navarrete M, Bastias C, Tordecilla R, Varas MA, Maturana P, Marcoleta AE, Allende ML, Naves R, Hermoso MA, Salazar-Onfray F, Lopez M, Bono MR, Osorio F. Dysregulated Immune Responses in COVID-19 Patients Correlating With Disease Severity and Invasive Oxygen Requirements. Front Immunol 2021; 12:769059. [PMID: 34745145 PMCID: PMC8567168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.769059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of severe COVID-19 patients has motivated research communities to uncover mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis also on a regional level. In this work, we aimed to understand the immunological dynamics of severe COVID-19 patients with different degrees of illness, and upon long-term recovery. We analyzed immune cellular subsets and SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody isotypes of 66 COVID-19 patients admitted to the Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, which were categorized according to the WHO ten-point clinical progression score. These included 29 moderate patients (score 4-5) and 37 severe patients under either high flow oxygen nasal cannula (18 patients, score 6), or invasive mechanical ventilation (19 patients, score 7-9), plus 28 convalescent patients and 28 healthy controls. Furthermore, six severe patients that recovered from the disease were longitudinally followed over 300 days. Our data indicate that severe COVID-19 patients display increased frequencies of plasmablasts, activated T cells and SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies compared to moderate and convalescent patients. Remarkably, within the severe COVID-19 group, patients rapidly progressing into invasive mechanical ventilation show higher frequencies of plasmablasts, monocytes, eosinophils, Th1 cells and SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG than patients under high flow oxygen nasal cannula. These findings demonstrate that severe COVID-19 patients progressing into invasive mechanical ventilation show a distinctive type of immunity. In addition, patients that recover from severe COVID-19 begin to regain normal proportions of immune cells 100 days after hospital discharge and maintain high levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG throughout the study, which is an indicative sign of immunological memory. Thus, this work can provide useful information to better understand the diverse outcomes of severe COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina García-González
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Tempio
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoregulation, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Fuentes
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoregulation, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Consuelo Merino
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoregulation, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Vargas
- Laboratory of Immunology, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeska Simon
- Laboratory of Immunology, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Verónica Rojas
- Critical Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Tobar
- Critical Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Glauben Landskron
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,School of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Araya
- Laboratory of Antitumoral Immunology, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariela Navarrete
- Laboratory of Antitumoral Immunology, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Bastias
- HIV Immunology and Allergies Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rocío Tordecilla
- HIV Immunology and Allergies Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena A Varas
- Integrative Microbiology Group, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Maturana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés E Marcoleta
- Integrative Microbiology Group, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel L Allende
- Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Naves
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela A Hermoso
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Laboratory of Antitumoral Immunology, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mercedes Lopez
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoregulation, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Rosa Bono
- Laboratory of Immunology, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabiola Osorio
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular Stress, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Luchsinger V, Lizama L, Garmendia ML, Tempio F, Ruiz M, Pizarro R, Rossi P, Huenchur L, Moreno C, López M, Ampuero S, Larrañaga C, Avendaño LF. Immunoglobulins concentration and B cell counts as severity markers in adult community-acquired pneumonia: Cross sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22390. [PMID: 33157914 PMCID: PMC7647610 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality. Immunoglobulins (Igs) and B cells quantification studies in CAP are few and show discrepancies. Serum IgA acts as a powerful natural anti-inflammatory factor, but its role in the CAP has not yet been defined. The highly sensitive xMAP Luminex technique allows better immunoglobulins quantification. The aim of this study was to analyze the relation between clinical severity and circulating Igs and B cells in adults with CAP.Igs (M, A, G1, G2, G3, and G4) and B cells were quantified in peripheral blood of 190 Chilean patients ≥18 years old hospitalized for CAP and in 21 adults without respiratory disease, using xMAP Luminex and flow cytometry, respectively. Clinical history was recorded and PSI and CURB-65 scores were calculated for evaluation of clinical severity.The total IgM, IgG2 and total IgG levels were lower in CAP than in asymptomatic adults (P < .05). No significant differences of Igs levels were found between patients classified as severe and mild by PSI and CURB-65 scores. Fatal cases had higher levels of IgA (P < .05). No differences in CD19 B cells frequency was found between CAP and asymptomatic adults (P = .40). In PSI severe cases, CD19 B cells were significantly lower than in mild cases (P = .008). No differences were found in CURB-65 severe and mild groups (P = .11). In fatal cases (11/82) group, CD19 B cells frequency was lower than in 71 survivors (P = .2). No differences in memory B lymphocytes were detected between asymptomatic and CAP adults, severe and mild patients, survivors and fatal cases (P > .05).Serum IgA levels were significantly higher in fatal CAP cases, raising it as a potential biomarker for severe disease considering its relatively universal availability. In PSI severe patients, B cells showed lower levels and could have a role on its physiopathology. Finding new markers rooted in physiopathology could improve the possibility of scoring severe CAP cases. Luminex technology showed promising quantification serum Igs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Luchsinger
- Programa de Virología, ICBM: Programa de Virología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina
| | - Luis Lizama
- Programa de Virología, ICBM: Programa de Virología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina
| | | | - Fabián Tempio
- Programa de Inmunología, ICBM: Programa de Virología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristian Moreno
- Programa de Virología, ICBM: Programa de Virología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina
| | - Mercedes López
- Programa de Inmunología, ICBM: Programa de Virología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina
| | - Sandra Ampuero
- Programa de Virología, ICBM: Programa de Virología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina
| | - Carmen Larrañaga
- Programa de Virología, ICBM: Programa de Virología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina
| | - Luis Fidel Avendaño
- Programa de Virología, ICBM: Programa de Virología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina
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Goecke A, Karsulovic C, Guerrero J, Tempio F, Lopez M. SAT0004 INCREASED M1 INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE OF CIRCULATING MONOCYTES IS ASSOCIATED WITH HISTORY OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN RA PATIENTS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Cardiovascular (CV) Disease is the main cause of death in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Current tools like Framingham or European SCORE underestimate CV risk in RA patients. Efforts to improve the assessment including RA biomarkers (disease activity) have been only partially successful. There is a need for better biomarkers to identify AR patients at high risk for CV disease. Monocytes have an important role in plaque development. Monocytes differentiates into 2 main phenotypes M1 and M2 (1). In RA and in post-MI patients M1 monocytes are expanded (2). mTORC influences monocyte phenotypein vitroand has been associated with development of atheromatous plaque (3).Objectives:To evaluate the phenotype of circulating monocyte in RA patient with or without previous CV events (RA-CV(-)RA-CV(+)), and its possible association with mTORC activity.Methods:9 RA-CV(+)patients aged between 18 and 65 yo with RA (EULAR/ACR 2010 criteria), were paired with RA-CV(-)patients. 6 healthy individuals (HI) were also studied. Pairing criteria were classic CV risk factors (AHA 2018), sex, age, years since RA diagnosis, comorbidities, number of DMARDs previously used and use of bDMARDS. M1 and M2 circulating Monocytes were evaluated in PBMC obtained from patients and controls by flow cytometry analysis. Intracellular inflammatory cytokines (IL1, Il6) and phosphorylated S6R (P-S6R) as a measure of mTORC activation was also evaluated. M1 was defined as CD14+HLA-DR+CCR2+ and M2 CD14+CD163+CCR2-. DAS28-RCP, DAS28-ESR and Lipid profile was also measured. The differences among groups was analysed using Mann–Whitney U nonparametric. The relationship between variables with Spearman rank correlation test.Results:There were no differences in demographic, RA characteristic and CV risk factors between RA-CV (+) and RA-CV (-) patients. Male/Female 4/5, age 62±3 and 63±2 respectively. HI were younger than RA patients (32.5±7). CV events were 8 patients with MI and one Stroke. DAS28-RCP was 2.96±0.23 and 2.88±0.43 respectively. One patient in each group had failed to more than 2 sDMARDs and one in each group was receiving bDMARD. M1 circulating monocytes were expanded in RA as compared to HI. This difference was at RA-CV (+) expense. RA monocytes had higher Intracellular levels of IL-1b and IL-6 as compared to HI. M1 from RA-CV (+) had higher intracellular levels of IL-1b and IL-6 than RA-CV (-). M1 monocytes have higher levels of inflammatory cytokines than M2. P-S6R protein, (mTORC activation), was higher in RA patients than HI. The highest levels of P-S6R was observed in M1 monocytes from RA-CV(+) population.FIGURE 1.Circulating monocytes phenotype, intracellular cytokines and phosphorylated S6R in HI and RA-CV (+), RA-CV (-) and the combined RA patients. A) *=0,02; B) *=0,016; C) ****=0,0001, **=0,002; D) ****=0,0001, ***=0,0008, **=0,001, *=0,01; E) ****0,0001, **=0,002; F) ****=0,0001, **=0,001, **=0,003.Conclusion:RA-CV+ patients, have a significantly higher number of pro-inflammatory circulating monocytes, using a multiparametric classification method. These monocytes also express higher levels of inflammatory cytokines and higher activation of mTORC, which also participate in the development of atheromatous plaque, suggesting that these monocytes could be a key element in the non-clarified-yet, excess of CV risk of RA patients.References:[1] Fukui S, et al. M1 and M2 Monocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Contribution of Imbalance of M1/M2 Monocytes to Osteoclastogenesis. Front Immunol. 2017;8:1958.2. Zhuang J, et al. Comparison of circulating dendritic cell and monocyte subsets at different stages of atherosclerosis: insights from optical coherence tomography. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2017 Oct 18;17(1):270.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Rogers NK, Romero C, SanMartín CD, Ponce DP, Salech F, López MN, Gleisner A, Tempio F, Behrens MI. Inverse Relationship Between Alzheimer’s Disease and Cancer: How Immune Checkpoints Might Explain the Mechanisms Underlying Age-Related Diseases. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:443-454. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K. Rogers
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Unidad de Paciente Crítico, Instituto de Neurocirugía Asenjo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar Romero
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carol D. SanMartín
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela P. Ponce
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Salech
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Sección de Geriatría, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mercedes N. López
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Gleisner
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Tempio
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María I. Behrens
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
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Arce M, Pinto MP, Galleguillos M, Muñoz C, Lange S, Ramirez C, Erices R, Gonzalez P, Velasquez E, Tempio F, Lopez MN, Salazar-Onfray F, Cautivo K, Kalergis AM, Cruz S, Lladser Á, Lobos-González L, Valenzuela G, Olivares N, Sáez C, Koning T, Sánchez FA, Fuenzalida P, Godoy A, Contreras Orellana P, Leyton L, Lugano R, Dimberg A, Quest AFG, Owen GI. Coagulation Factor Xa Promotes Solid Tumor Growth, Experimental Metastasis and Endothelial Cell Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081103. [PMID: 31382462 PMCID: PMC6721564 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercoagulable state is linked to cancer progression; however, the precise role of the coagulation cascade is poorly described. Herein, we examined the contribution of a hypercoagulative state through the administration of intravenous Coagulation Factor Xa (FXa), on the growth of solid human tumors and the experimental metastasis of the B16F10 melanoma in mouse models. FXa increased solid tumor volume and lung, liver, kidney and lymph node metastasis of tail-vein injected B16F10 cells. Concentrating on the metastasis model, upon coadministration of the anticoagulant Dalteparin, lung metastasis was significantly reduced, and no metastasis was observed in other organs. FXa did not directly alter proliferation, migration or invasion of cancer cells in vitro. Alternatively, FXa upon endothelial cells promoted cytoskeleton contraction, disrupted membrane VE-Cadherin pattern, heightened endothelial-hyperpermeability, increased inflammatory adhesion molecules and enhanced B16F10 adhesion under flow conditions. Microarray analysis of endothelial cells treated with FXa demonstrated elevated expression of inflammatory transcripts. Accordingly, FXa treatment increased immune cell infiltration in mouse lungs, an effect reduced by dalteparin. Taken together, our results suggest that FXa increases B16F10 metastasis via endothelial cell activation and enhanced cancer cell-endothelium adhesion advocating that the coagulation system is not merely a bystander in the process of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Arce
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio P Pinto
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Macarena Galleguillos
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Catalina Muñoz
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Soledad Lange
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Carolina Ramirez
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Rafaela Erices
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7510041, Chile
| | - Pamela Gonzalez
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Ethel Velasquez
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear (CCHEN), Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Tempio
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Mercedes N Lopez
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Kelly Cautivo
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Biomedical Research Consortium of Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Sebastián Cruz
- Laboratory of Immunoncology, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Álvaro Lladser
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Laboratory of Immunoncology, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Immunoncology, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, Clinica Alemana-Universidad Del Desarrollo, Santiago 7650568, Chile
| | - Guillermo Valenzuela
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Nixa Olivares
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Claudia Sáez
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Tania Koning
- Immunology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Fabiola A Sánchez
- Immunology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Patricia Fuenzalida
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Alejandro Godoy
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Pamela Contreras Orellana
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Roberta Lugano
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Gareth I Owen
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile.
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
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8
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Falcón-Beas C, Tittarelli A, Mora-Bau G, Tempio F, Pérez C, Hevia D, Behrens C, Flores I, Falcón-Beas F, Garrido P, Ascui G, Pereda C, González FE, Salazar-Onfray F, López MN. Dexamethasone turns tumor antigen-presenting cells into tolerogenic dendritic cells with T cell inhibitory functions. Immunobiology 2019; 224:697-705. [PMID: 31221438 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) are usually immunogenic, but they are also capable of inducing tolerance under anti-inflammatory conditions. Immunotherapy based on autologous DCs loaded with an allogeneic melanoma cell lysate (TRIMEL/DCs) induces immunological responses and increases melanoma patient survival. Glucocorticoids can suppress DC maturation and function, leading to a DC-mediated inhibition of T cell responses. METHODS The effect of dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid extensively used in cancer therapies, on TRIMEL/DCs phenotype and immunogenicity was examined. RESULTS Dexamethasone induced a semi-mature phenotype on TRIMEL/DC with low maturation surface marker expressions, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine induction (IL-1β and IL-12) and increased release of regulatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β). Dexamethasone-treated TRIMEL/DCs inhibited allogeneic CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine release (IFNγ, TNF-α and IL-17). Co-culturing melanoma-specific memory tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with dexamethasone-treated TRIMEL/DC inhibited proliferation and effector T cell activities, including cytokine secretion and anti-melanoma cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that dexamethasone repressed melanoma cell lysate-mediated DC maturation, generating a potent tolerogenic-like DC phenotype that inhibited melanoma-specific effector T cell activities. These results suggest that dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression may interfere with the clinical efficacy of DC-based melanoma vaccines, and must be taken into account for optimal design of cellular therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Falcón-Beas
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Tittarelli
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Mora-Bau
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Tempio
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Pérez
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Cell Therapy Laboratory, Blood Bank Service, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Hevia
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Behrens
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Iván Flores
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Falcón-Beas
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Garrido
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Ascui
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Pereda
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Fermín E González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Experimental Immunology & Cancer, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, 8380492 Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Mercedes N López
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; Cell Therapy Laboratory, Blood Bank Service, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.
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9
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Tittarelli A, Guerrero I, Tempio F, Gleisner MA, Avalos I, Sabanegh S, Ortíz C, Michea L, López MN, Mendoza-Naranjo A, Salazar-Onfray F. Overexpression of connexin 43 reduces melanoma proliferative and metastatic capacity. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:e14. [PMID: 27657340 PMCID: PMC5117789 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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10
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Tittarelli A, Guerrero I, Tempio F, Gleisner MA, Avalos I, Sabanegh S, Ortíz C, Michea L, López MN, Mendoza-Naranjo A, Salazar-Onfray F. Overexpression of connexin 43 reduces melanoma proliferative and metastatic capacity. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:259-67. [PMID: 26135897 PMCID: PMC4506378 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alterations in connexin 43 (Cx43) expression and/or gap junction (GJ)-mediated intercellular communication are implicated in cancer pathogenesis. Herein, we have investigated the role of Cx43 in melanoma cell proliferation and apoptosis sensitivity in vitro, as well as metastatic capability and tumour growth in vivo. Methods: Connexin 43 expression levels, GJ coupling and proliferation rates were analysed in four different human melanoma cell lines. Furthermore, tumour growth and lung metastasis of high compared with low Cx43-expressing FMS cells were evaluated in vivo using a melanoma xenograft model. Results: Specific inhibition of Cx43 channel activity accelerated melanoma cell proliferation, whereas overexpression of Cx43 increased GJ coupling and reduced cell growth. Moreover, Cx43 overexpression in FMS cells increased basal and tumour necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis and resulted in decreased melanoma tumour growth and lower number and size of metastatic foci in vivo. Conclusions: Our findings reveal an important role for Cx43 in intrinsically controlling melanoma growth, death and metastasis, and emphasise the potential use of compounds that selectively enhance Cx43 expression on melanoma in the future chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tittarelli
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - I Guerrero
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - F Tempio
- 1] Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile [2] Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - M A Gleisner
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - I Avalos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - S Sabanegh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - C Ortíz
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - L Michea
- 1] Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile [2] Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - M N López
- 1] Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile [2] Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile [3] Research Support Office, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - A Mendoza-Naranjo
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - F Salazar-Onfray
- 1] Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile [2] Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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11
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Tapia CV, Falconer M, Tempio F, Falcón F, López M, Fuentes M, Alburquenque C, Amaro J, Bucarey SA, Di Nardo A. Melanocytes and melanin represent a first line of innate immunity against Candida albicans. Med Mycol 2014; 52:445-54. [PMID: 24934806 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myu026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocytes are dendritic cells located in the skin and mucosae that synthesize melanin. Some infections induce hypo- or hyperpigmentation, which is associated with the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), especially TLR4. Candida albicans is an opportunist pathogen that can switch between blastoconidia and hyphae forms; the latter is associated with invasion. Our objectives in this study were to ascertain whether C. albicans induces pigmentation in melanocytes and whether this process is dependent on TLR activation, as well as relating this with the antifungal activity of melanin as a first line of innate immunity against fungal infections. Normal human melanocytes were stimulated with C. albicans supernatants or with crude extracts of the blastoconidia or hyphae forms, and pigmentation and TLR2/TLR4 expression were measured. Expression of the melanosomal antigens Melan-A and gp100 was examined for any correlation with increased melanin levels or antifungal activity in melanocyte lysates. Melanosomal antigens were induced earlier than cell pigmentation, and hyphae induced stronger melanization than blastoconidia. Notably, when melanocytes were stimulated with crude extracts of C. albicans, the cell surface expression of TLR2/TLR4 began at 48 h post-stimulation and peaked at 72 h. At this time, blastoconidia induced both TLR2 and TLR4 expression, whereas hyphae only induced TLR4 expression. Taken together, these results suggest that melanocytes play a key role in innate immune responses against C. albicans infections by recognizing pathogenic forms of C. albicans via TLR4, resulting in increased melanin content and inhibition of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia V Tapia
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile Servicio de Laboratorio, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maryanne Falconer
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Tempio
- Programa de Inmunología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile
| | - Felipe Falcón
- Programa de Inmunología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile
| | - Mercedes López
- Programa de Inmunología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile
| | - Marisol Fuentes
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Alburquenque
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Amaro
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio A Bucarey
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anna Di Nardo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, and Veterans Administration, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
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12
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Durán-Aniotz C, Segal G, Salazar L, Pereda C, Falcón C, Tempio F, Aguilera R, González R, Pérez C, Tittarelli A, Catalán D, Nervi B, Larrondo M, Salazar-Onfray F, López MN. The immunological response and post-treatment survival of DC-vaccinated melanoma patients are associated with increased Th1/Th17 and reduced Th3 cytokine responses. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:761-72. [PMID: 23242374 PMCID: PMC11028820 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunization with autologous dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with a heat shock-conditioned allogeneic melanoma cell lysate caused lysate-specific delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions in a number of patients. These responses correlated with a threefold prolonged long-term survival of DTH(+) with respect to DTH(-) unresponsive patients. Herein, we investigated whether the immunological reactions associated with prolonged survival were related to dissimilar cellular and cytokine responses in blood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthy donors and melanoma patient's lymphocytes obtained from blood before and after vaccinations and from DTH biopsies were analyzed for T cell population distribution and cytokine release. RESULTS/DISCUSSION Peripheral blood lymphocytes from melanoma patients have an increased proportion of Th3 (CD4(+) TGF-β(+)) regulatory T lymphocytes compared with healthy donors. Notably, DTH(+) patients showed a threefold reduction of Th3 cells compared with DTH(-) patients after DCs vaccine treatment. Furthermore, DCs vaccination resulted in a threefold augment of the proportion of IFN-γ releasing Th1 cells and in a twofold increase of the IL-17-producing Th17 population in DTH(+) with respect to DTH(-) patients. Increased Th1 and Th17 cell populations in both blood and DTH-derived tissues suggest that these profiles may be related to a more effective anti-melanoma response. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that increased proinflammatory cytokine profiles are related to detectable immunological responses in vivo (DTH) and to prolonged patient survival. Our study contributes to the understanding of immunological responses produced by DCs vaccines and to the identification of follow-up markers for patient outcome that may allow a closer individual monitoring of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Durán-Aniotz
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.
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13
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Falcon-Beas C, Tempio F, Pesce B, Aguillon J, Pereda C, Saffie C, Salazar-Onfray F, Lopez M. 1107 In Vitro Generated Human Dendritic Cells Exposed to a Potent Maturation Melanoma Cell Lines Lysate Show a Tolerogenic-like Phenotype and Functionality When Exposed to Dexamethasone Prior to the Maturation Stimuli. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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