Yoshino N, Lü FXS, Fujihashi K, Hagiwara Y, Kataoka K, Lu D, Hirst L, Honda M, van Ginkel FW, Takeda Y, Miller CJ, Kiyono H, McGhee JR. A novel adjuvant for mucosal immunity to HIV-1 gp120 in nonhuman primates.
J Immunol 2005;
173:6850-7. [PMID:
15557179 DOI:
10.4049/jimmunol.173.11.6850]
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Abstract
The development of a safe and effective mucosal adjuvant is a crucial step toward a mucosal HIV/AIDS vaccine. This study seeks to determine the promise of a nontoxic mutant of cholera toxin (mCT; E112K) as a mucosal adjuvant in nonhuman primates. HIV-1 gp120 was nasally administered together with mCT E112K or native CT (nCT) as adjuvant on five to six occasions over a 6- to 8-wk period to groups of four rhesus macaques and alone to two monkeys that acted as controls. Macaques given nasal gp120 with either mCT E112K or nCT showed elevated gp120-specific IgG and IgA Ab responses with virus-neutralizing activity in both their plasma and mucosal external secretions, as well as higher numbers of gp120-specific IgA Ab-forming cells in their mucosal and peripheral lymphoid tissues and of IL-4-producing Th2-type CD4-positive (CD4(+)) T cells than did controls. Even though significant mucosal adjuvanticity was seen with both mCT E112K and nCT, neuronal damage was observed only in the nCT-treated, but not in the control or mCT E112K-treated groups. These results clearly show that mCT E112K is an effective and safe mucosal adjuvant for the development of a nasal HIV/AIDS vaccine.
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