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Jaafar NA, Hussain FA, Mat Lazim N. Successful Treatment of Extraosseous Plasmacytoma of the Oropharynx with Cervical Lymph Node Involvement. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:1220-1223. [PMID: 38440494 PMCID: PMC10908905 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Extraosseous plasmacytoma, a rare plasma cell neoplasm, was observed in a 52-year-old male with uncommon presentation in the oropharynx with cervical lymph node involvement. The patient presented with dysphonia and left neck swelling. This case report primarily focuses on the management, resulting in a successful treatment through radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Amilin Jaafar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Faezahtul Arbaeyah Hussain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Norhafiza Mat Lazim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
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Al-Khreisat MJ, Ismail NH, Tabnjh A, Hussain FA, Mohamed Yusoff AA, Johan MF, Islam MA. Worldwide Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus in Patients with Burkitt Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2068. [PMID: 37370963 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13122068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a form of B-cell malignancy that progresses aggressively and is most often seen in children. While Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that has been linked to a variety of cancers, it can transform B lymphocytes into immortalized cells, as shown in BL. Therefore, the estimated prevalence of EBV in a population may assist in the prediction of whether this population has a high risk of increased BL cases. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus in patients with Burkitt lymphoma. Using the appropriate keywords, four electronic databases were searched. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool. The results were reported as percentages with a 95% confidence interval using a random-effects model (CI). PROSPERO was used to register the protocol (CRD42022372293), and 135 studies were included. The prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus in patients with Burkitt lymphoma was 57.5% (95% CI: 51.5 to 63.4, n = 4837). The sensitivity analyses demonstrated consistent results, and 65.2% of studies were of high quality. Egger's test revealed that there was a significant publication bias. EBV was found in a significantly high proportion of BL patients (more than 50% of BL patients). This study recommends EBV testing as an alternative for predictions and the assessment of the clinical disease status of BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaz Jamal Al-Khreisat
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hayati Ismail
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abedelmalek Tabnjh
- Department of Applied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Faezahtul Arbaeyah Hussain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Md Asiful Islam
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women's Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Muhamad IR, Che Ibrahim NB, Hussain FA. Evaluation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT-3) Protein Expression in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Cases in Hospital USM. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13091649. [PMID: 37175040 PMCID: PMC10178068 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evolving targeted therapy on Janus Associated Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway, especially pertaining to STAT-3 protein in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), provides new treatment strategies. STAT-3 protein also relates to the prognostication of NHL. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the expression of STAT-3 protein in NHL cases diagnosed in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). METHODS A retrospective cross sectional study using formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks of 95 NHL cases were obtained. STAT-3 immunostaining was performed and evaluated. The proportion and association between the expression of STAT-3 protein with subtypes of NHL were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The majority of the cases (78.9%) had positive STAT-3 protein expression. 64.2% were among aggressive B cell NHL, whilst 20.0% of them were diffuse large B cell lymphoma, a non-germinal center B subtype (DLBCL-NGCB). There is also an association between STAT-3 protein expression with DLBCL subtypes (p = 0.046). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated a remarkable expression of STAT-3 protein in NHL, in which DLBCL subtypes had significant association. A larger scale study with a combination of JAK protein evaluation should be undertaken in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izyan Rifhana Muhamad
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Noorul Balqis Che Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Faezahtul Arbaeyah Hussain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Azali MA, Mohamed S, Harun A, Hussain FA, Shamsuddin S, Johan MF. Application of Baculovirus Expression Vector system (BEV) for COVID-19 diagnostics and therapeutics: a review. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:98. [PMID: 35792966 PMCID: PMC9259773 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The baculovirus expression vector system has been developed for expressing a wide range of proteins, including enzymes, glycoproteins, recombinant viruses, and vaccines. The availability of the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence has enabled the synthesis of SARS-CoV2 proteins in a baculovirus-insect cell platform for various applications. The most cloned SARS-CoV-2 protein is the spike protein, which plays a critical role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is available in its whole length or as subunits like S1 or the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Non-structural proteins (Nsps), another recombinant SARS-CoV-2 protein generated by the baculovirus expression vector system (BEV), are used in the identification of new medications or the repurposing of existing therapies for the treatment of COVID-19. Non-SARS-CoV-2 proteins generated by BEV for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis or treatment include moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLVRT), angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), therapeutic proteins, and recombinant antibodies. The recombinant proteins were modified to boost the yield or to stabilize the protein. CONCLUSION This review covers the wide application of the recombinant protein produced using the baculovirus expression technology for COVID-19 research. A lot of improvements have been made to produce functional proteins with high yields. However, there is still room for improvement and there are parts of this field of research that have not been investigated yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azharuddin Azali
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Salmah Mohamed
- School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Azian Harun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Faezahtul Arbaeyah Hussain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Shaharum Shamsuddin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Al-Khreisat MJ, Hussain FA, Abdelfattah AM, Almotiri A, Al-Sanabra OM, Johan MF. The Role of NOTCH1, GATA3, and c-MYC in T Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112799. [PMID: 35681778 PMCID: PMC9179380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas are heterogeneous malignant tumours of white blood cells characterised by the aberrant proliferation of mature lymphoid cells or their precursors. Lymphomas are classified into main types depending on the histopathologic evidence of biopsy taken from an enlarged lymph node, progress stages, treatment strategies, and outcomes: Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Moreover, lymphomas can be further divided into subtypes depending on the cell origin, and immunophenotypic and genetic aberrations. Many factors play vital roles in the progression, pathogenicity, incidence, and mortality rate of lymphomas. Among NHLs, peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are rare lymphoid malignancies, that have various cellular morphology and genetic mutations. The clinical presentations are usually observed at the advanced stage of the disease. Many recent studies have reported that the expressions of NOTCH1, GATA3, and c-MYC are associated with poorer prognosis in PTCL and are involved in downstream activities. However, questions have been raised about the pathological relationship between these factors in PTCLs. Therefore, in this review, we investigate the role and relationship of the NOTCH1 pathway, transcriptional factor GATA3 and proto-oncogene c-MYC in normal T cell development and malignant PTCL subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaz Jamal Al-Khreisat
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Faezahtul Arbaeyah Hussain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Ali Mahmoud Abdelfattah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Alhomidi Almotiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences—Dawadmi, Shaqra University, Dawadmi 17464, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ola Mohammed Al-Sanabra
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan;
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-97-67-62-00
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Ahmad Kailani AAAA, Abdullah B, Yunus D, Hussain FA, Mohamad S. Aggressive primary sinonasal Ewing sarcoma with intraorbital and intracranial extension. Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare 2022; 31:201010582110489. [DOI: 10.1177/20101058211048949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) of the extraskeletal form is a rare occurrence and even rarer to manifest in the sinonasal tract. We describe a case of an advanced sinonasal ES with orbital and intracranial extension that was managed with chemotherapy and endoscopic surgery. Despite completing chemotherapy and surgical resection, the tumor progressed rapidly even before postoperative radiotherapy, and subsequently, she succumbed to death due to sepsis. We would like to discuss the management challenges, pitfalls, and surgical approach which may improve the outcome of this complicated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Azim Al-Abrar Ahmad Kailani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Baharudin Abdullah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Dahziela Yunus
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Faezahtul Arbaeyah Hussain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Sakinah Mohamad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
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Heng SSL, Mat Johar F, Ganandran T, Mohd Fauzi NA, Hussain FA, Wan Sulaiman WA. Master of mimicry: Rare primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma presenting as fungating parotid tumor–case report and review. Int J Surg Case Rep 2022; 94:107135. [PMID: 35658304 PMCID: PMC9077532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Si Ling Heng
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Reconstructive Sciences Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia; Reconstructive Sciences Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malayisa, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Fatimah Mat Johar
- Reconstructive Sciences Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malayisa, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Thevarasan Ganandran
- Reconstructive Sciences Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malayisa, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul Anis Mohd Fauzi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | | | - Wan Azman Wan Sulaiman
- Reconstructive Sciences Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malayisa, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Eh Dam VSK, Mohamad N, Muhamad IR, Abdul Kadir Saeed ADS, Wan Abdul Rahman WF, Hussain FA, Husin A, Mat Lazim N. Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with Generalized Lymphadenopathy Masquerade as Lymphoma. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 34:205-211. [PMID: 35655541 PMCID: PMC9119650 DOI: 10.22038/ijorl.2022.62088.3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a nasopharyngeal epithelial neoplasm that has distinct aetiological, epidemiological and biological characteristics compared to other head and neck malignancies. Patients usually present late due to non-specific symptoms and deep location of the tumour in the nasopharynx. CASE REPORT We would like to highlight a case of advanced NPC presenting with generalised lymphadenopathy, without the presence of an obvious nasopharyngeal mass that masqueraded as lymphoma in the initial stage. CONCLUSIONS NPC may share clinical features with other sinonasal pathologies or other malignant lymphoproliferative disorders that lead to a delay in diagnosis. NPC should be one of the differential diagnoses for any cases presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy, especially in adult male patients originating from East or Southeast Asia. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial because early-stage NPC has an excellent chemoradiotherapy response and high survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sha Kri Eh Dam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Nasibah Mohamad
- Department of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Izyan Rifhana Muhamad
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Al Duais Saleh Abdul Kadir Saeed
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Faiziah Wan Abdul Rahman
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Faezahtul Arbaeyah Hussain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Azlan Husin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Norhafiza Mat Lazim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Salleh MN, Ahmad Kailani AAAA, Nik Min NFA, Mohamad I, Hussain FA, Mat Zin AA. Submandibular Gland Basal Cell Adenoma. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 34:131-134. [PMID: 35655769 PMCID: PMC9119330 DOI: 10.22038/ijorl.2021.58329.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Basal cell adenoma (BCA) is a rare benign epithelial tumour of the salivary gland majorly involving the parotid gland, and rarely the submandibular gland. Case Report We describe a rare case of BCA of the submandibular gland diagnosed preoperatively using fine needle aspiration cytology in a 60-year-old woman presenting with painless submandibular swelling. The surgery went uneventfully, and the histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusions BCA can be accurately diagnosed only through histological observations due to its resemblance to various benign and malignant salivary and non-salivary gland tumours, which are difficult to biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Najib Salleh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Azim Al-Abrar Ahmad Kailani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Nik Fatin Amirah Nik Min
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Irfan Mohamad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Faezahtul Arbaeyah Hussain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Anani Aila Mat Zin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Yaacob N, Hassan MN, Hussain FA, Bahar R, Nasir A, Mohamad N, Abdullah WZ. Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Malay infant: Rare, Old and Often Forgotten Disease. Bangladesh J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v21i1.56349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare disease but potentially life threatening clinical syndrome. It is caused by a multisystemic hyperinflammatory process secondary to severe hypercytokinemia with excessive and uncontrolled activation of the immune response. We report a case of familial HLH with no apparent causes in 6 months-old Malay girl presented with recurrent fever associated with severe anaemia and bleeding tendency requiring extensive treatment but refractory to the treatment which lead to mortality due to neutropenic sepsis indicating of poor prognosis of this disease. This familial type of HLH should be suspected in all children after excluding all the secondary causes with collective laboratory features and requiring extensive management as it associated with high mortality.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 196-200
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Hasny NS, Amiruddin FM, Hussain FA, Abdullah B. Unilateral Tubarial Oncocytic Papillary Cystadenoma Presenting with Epistaxis. Medeni Med J 2021; 36:343-347. [PMID: 34939401 PMCID: PMC8694161 DOI: 10.4274/mmj.galenos.2021.40404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncocytic papillary cystadenoma (OPC) is a relatively rare benign tumor of the salivary glands, frequently seen in minor salivary glands, and occasionally in major salivary glands, such as the parotid gland. Patients only become symptomatic upon progression of the swelling, causing obstructive symptoms depending on its location. To our knowledge, there are no reports of presentation with bleeding tumor. Herein, we report a case of an OPC of the right torus tubarius in a 54-year-old man who presented with recurrent epistaxis.
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12
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Muhd Besari A, Lim JA, Vellaichamy PT, Hussain FA, Kamaludin Z, Nor M. Stevens-Johnson syndrome as a primary skin manifestation of COVID-19. Postgrad Med J 2021; 98:e70. [PMID: 37066525 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-140778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alwi Muhd Besari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital USM, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Jo Anne Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital USM, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Pothene Thevi Vellaichamy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital USM, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Faezahtul Arbaeyah Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital USM, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Zaleha Kamaludin
- Department of Pathology, Hospital USM, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Mokhtar Nor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital USM, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
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Amri MF, Azizan N, Hussain FA, Hayati F, Syed Abdul Rahim SS, Azhar ZI. The challenges and risk of laboratory handling on a histology specimen during COVID-19 pandemic. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 64:102242. [PMID: 33815787 PMCID: PMC7997141 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has taken the world into turmoil by surprise. The rapid spreading of this virus has led to an exponential increase in the number of cases. It has created a public health disaster, causing a collapse of the health system in every part of the world. Many sectors in the health area are affected, including histopathology services. The challenges and risk of viral transmission can come from various aspects and levels. For COVID-19 tests, there are even cases of no direct contact with the specimens; the specimens received infection from individuals of unknown status. The fixatives used for histopathology specimens are believed to be inactivated viruses, which can be an inactivate coronavirus. Even so, precautions have to be put in place to prevent the spread of infection to laboratory personnel, especially to those handling underfixed and fresh frozen cytology samples. Precautions must also be taken when dealing with histopathology services, by wearing full personal protective equipment and by executing other standard safety measures. The purpose of this review is to highlight the challenges faced in managing histopathology services in our centre during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fariz Amri
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Diagnostic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Nornazirah Azizan
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Diagnostic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Faezahtul Arbaeyah Hussain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Firdaus Hayati
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Zahir Izuan Azhar
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
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Nur Husna SM, Hussain FA, Yahya MM, Dyhl-Polk A, Wong KK. ANTI-HER2 ANTIBODIES IN COMBINATION WITH CHEMOTHERAPY OR CHEMOTHERAPY-FREE REGIMENS TARGETING HER2-POSITIVE BREAST CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. MJPHM 2020. [DOI: 10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.2/art.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in female worldwide. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification is observed in approximately 20% of breast cancer cases and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Dual HER2 blockade without chemotherapy represents an attractive therapeutic approach, and it remains unresolved if anti-HER2 therapeutic antibodies are sufficient to replace chemotherapy regimens. In this review, we discuss the approved therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (pertuzumab and trastuzumab) and antibody-drug conjugate (trastuzumab emtansine or T-DM1) for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer patients. In summary, phase II and III clinical trials have demonstrated that dual HER2 blockade (pertuzumab and trastuzumab) plus chemotherapy regimens confer better efficacy compared with dual HER2 blockade alone, or anti-HER2 antibody monotherapy, in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Dual HER2 blockade (pertuzumab and trastuzumab) combined with chemotherapies (5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide and docetaxel) yield superior response. Moreover, dual HER2 blockade (T-DM1 and pertuzumab) in combination with docetaxel represents a promising treatment regimen containing T-DM1. Ongoing clinical trials are assessing the optimal chemotherapy of choice with anti-HER2 antibodies combinations. In conclusion, improved outcomes are attributable to selection for the optimal chemotherapy regimen in combination with anti-HER2 antibodies instead of replacing chemotherapy altogether with the current line of anti-HER2 therapeutic antibodies.
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15
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Wong KK, Hussain FA. TRPM4 is overexpressed in breast cancer associated with estrogen response and epithelial-mesenchymal transition gene sets. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233884. [PMID: 32484822 PMCID: PMC7266295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels form an important class of drug targets in malignancies. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 (TRPM4) plays oncological roles in various solid tumors. Herein, we examined TRPM4 protein expression profile by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in breast cancer cases compared with normal breast ducts, its association with clinico-demographical parameters, and its potential function in breast cancers by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Data-mining demonstrated that TRPM4 transcript levels were significantly higher in The Cancer Genome Atlas series of breast cancer cases (n = 1,085) compared with normal breast tissues (n = 112) (p = 1.03 x 10−11). Our IHC findings in tissue microarrays showed that TRPM4 protein was overexpressed in breast cancers (n = 83/99 TRPM4+; 83.8%) compared with normal breast ducts (n = 5/10 TRPM4+; 50%) (p = 0.022). Higher TRPM4 expression (median frequency cut-off) was significantly associated with higher lymph node status (N1-N2 vs N0; p = 0.024) and higher stage (IIb-IIIb vs I-IIa; p = 0.005). GSEA evaluation in three independent gene expression profiling (GEP) datasets of breast cancer cases (GSE54002, n = 417; GSE20685, n = 327; GSE23720, n = 197) demonstrated significant association of TRPM4 transcript expression with estrogen response and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene sets (p<0.01 and false discovery rate<0.05). These gene sets were not enriched in GEP datasets of normal breast epithelium cases (GSE10797, n = 5; GSE9574, n = 15; GSE20437, n = 18). In conclusion, TRPM4 protein expression is upregulated in breast cancers associated with worse clinico-demographical parameters, and TRPM4 potentially regulates estrogen receptor signaling and EMT progression in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Faezahtul Arbaeyah Hussain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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16
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Lo R, Mohamad S, Krishnamoorthy M, Mohamad I, Zulkarnain S, Hussain FA. Mantle Cell Lymphoma: A Rare Vallecular Tumour. Medeni Med J 2020; 35:67-70. [PMID: 32733752 PMCID: PMC7384489 DOI: 10.5222/mmj.2020.22208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vallecular lymphoma is an extremely rare tumour of oropharynx. We report a case of 61-year-old gentleman presented with severe dysphagia and globus sensation for two months. Patient underwent endoscopic transoral tumour debulking for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose. Histopathologically, patient was diagnosed as mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). In this case report, atypical presentation of the disease, histopathological features and its current treatments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhui Lo
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Sakinah Mohamad
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Madhusudhan Krishnamoorthy
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Irfan Mohamad
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Sarah Zulkarnain
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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17
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Asmaa MJS, Al-Jamal HA, Hussein AR, Yahaya BH, Husin A, Hassan R, Hussain FA, Shamsuddin S, Johan MF. Transcriptomic Profiles of MV4-11 and Kasumi 1 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines Modulated by Epigenetic Modifiers Trichostatin A and 5-Azacytidine. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2020. [DOI: 10.18502/ijhoscr.v14i1.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemias in adults which is clinically and molecularly heterogeneous. Several risk and genetic factors have been widely investigated to characterize AML. However, the concomitant epigenetic factors in controlling the gene expression lead to AML transformation was not fully understood. This study was aimed to identify epigenetically regulated genes in AML cell lines induced by epigenetic modulating agents, Trichostatin A (TSA) and 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza).
Materials and Methods: MV4-11 and Kasumi 1 were treated with TSA and/or 5-Aza at IC50 concentration. Gene expression profiling by microarray was utilized using SurePrint G3 Human Gene Expression v3. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway annotations were analyzed by DAVID bioinformatics software using EASE enrichment score. mRNA expression of the differentially expressed genes were verified by quantitative real time PCR.
Results: Gene expression analysis revealed a significant changes in the expression of 24,822, 15,720, 15,654 genes in MV4-11 and 12,598, 8828, 18,026 genes in Kasumi 1, in response to TSA, 5-Aza and combination treatments, respectively, compared to non-treated (p<0.05). 7 genes (SOCS3, TUBA1C, CCNA1, MAP3K6, PTPRC, STAT6 and RUNX1) and 4 genes (ANGPTL4, TUBB2A, ADAM12 and PTPN6) shown to be predominantly expressed in MV4-11 and Kasumi 1, respectively (EASE<0.1). The analysis also revealed phagosome pathway commonly activated in both cell lines.
Conclusion: Our data showed a distinct optimal biological characteristic and pathway in different types of leukemic cell lines. These finding may help in the identification of cell-specific epigenetic biomarker in the pathogenesis of AML.
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18
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Asmaa MJS, Al-Jamal HA, Hussein AR, Yahaya BH, Hassan R, Hussain FA, Shamsuddin S, Johan MF. Transcriptomic Profiles of MV4-11 and Kasumi 1 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines Modulated by Epigenetic Modifiers Trichostatin A and 5-Azacytidine. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2020; 14:72-92. [PMID: 32337016 PMCID: PMC7167603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemias in adults which is clinically and molecularly heterogeneous. Several risk and genetic factors have been widely investigated to characterize AML. However, the concomitant epigenetic factors in controlling the gene expression lead to AML transformation was not fully understood. This study was aimed to identify epigenetically regulated genes in AML cell lines induced by epigenetic modulating agents, Trichostatin A (TSA) and 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza). Materials and Methods: MV4-11 and Kasumi 1 were treated with TSA and/or 5-Aza at IC50 concentration. Gene expression profiling by microarray was utilized using SurePrint G3 Human Gene Expression v3. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway annotations were analyzed by DAVID bioinformatics software using EASE enrichment score. mRNA expression of the differentially expressed genes were verified by quantitative real time PCR. Results: Gene expression analysis revealed a significant changes in the expression of 24,822, 15,720, 15,654 genes in MV4-11 and 12,598, 8828, 18,026 genes in Kasumi 1, in response to TSA, 5-Aza and combination treatments, respectively, compared to non-treated (p<0.05). 7 genes (SOCS3, TUBA1C, CCNA1, MAP3K6, PTPRC, STAT6 and RUNX1) and 4 genes (ANGPTL4, TUBB2A, ADAM12 and PTPN6) shown to be predominantly expressed in MV4-11 and Kasumi 1, respectively (EASE<0.1). The analysis also revealed phagosome pathway commonly activated in both cell lines. Conclusion: Our data showed a distinct optimal biological characteristic and pathway in different types of leukemic cell lines. These finding may help in the identification of cell-specific epigenetic biomarker in the pathogenesis of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Roslin Hassan
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Faezahtul Arbaeyah Hussain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Shaharum Shamsuddin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia,Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Mohd Ridah LJ, A Talib N, Muhammad N, Hussain FA, Zainuddin N. p16 Tumor Suppressor Gene Methylation in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma: A Study of 88 Cases at Two Hospitals in the East Coast of Malaysia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2781-2785. [PMID: 29072413 PMCID: PMC5747404 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.10.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: p16 gene plays an important role in the normal cell cycle regulation. Methylation of p16 has
been reported to be one of the epigenetic events contributing to the pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
(DLBCL) which occurring at varying frequency. DLBCL is an aggressive and high-grade malignancy which accounts
for approximately 30% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases. However, little is known regarding the epigenetic
alterations of p16 gene in DLBCL cases in Malaysia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the status
of p16 methylation in DLBCL. Methods: A total of 88 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded DLBCL tissues retrieved
from two hospitals located in the east coast of Malaysia, namely Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA) Pahang and
Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) Kelantan, were chosen for this study. DNA specimens were isolated and
subsequently subjected to bisulfite treatment prior to methylation specific-PCR. Two pairs of primers were used to
amplify methylated and unmethylated regions of p16 gene. The PCR products were then separated using agarose gel
electrophoresis and visualised under UV illumination. SPSS version 12.0 was utilised to perform all statistical analysis.
Result: p16 methylation was detected in 65 of 88 (74%) samples. There was a significant association between p16
methylation status and patients aged >50 years old (p=0.04). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that methylation of
p16 tumor suppressor gene in our DLBCL cases is common and significantly increased among patients aged 50 years
and above. Aging is known to be an important risk factor in the development of cancers and we speculate that this
might be due to the increased transformation of malignant cells in aging cell population. However, this has yet to be
confirmed with further research and correlate the findings with clinicopathological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lailatul Jalilah Mohd Ridah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malysia.
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20
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Wong KK, Hussain FA, Loo SK, López JI. Cancer/testis antigen SPATA19 is frequently expressed in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. APMIS 2017; 125:1092-1101. [PMID: 28972294 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis-associated 19 (SPATA19) is a cancer/testis antigen overexpressed in various cancers. However, its protein expression profile in malignant or non-malignant tissues remains unknown. Thus, in this study, we investigated SPATA19 protein expression patterns in a panel of non-malignant human samples and primary prostate cancer (PCa) with or without benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues. SPATA19 was absent in all non-malignant tissues investigated (n=14) except testis and prostate tissues. In terms of malignancies, all PCa cases were positive for SPATA19 exhibiting frequency between 20 and 100% (median 85%) with 63 (52.5%) and 57 (47.5%) cases demonstrating weak/moderate and strong intensities, respectively. Thirty-nine PCa cases (32.5%) contained BPH, and all BPH glands were SPATA19 positive (frequency between 20 and 100%; median 90%) with 13 (33.3%) demonstrating strong SPATA19 expression. Higher SPATA19 expression (higher frequency, intensity, or H-score) was not associated with overall survival or disease-specific survival (DFS) in all PCa cases. However, biochemical recurrence (BR) was associated with worse DFS (p = 0.005) in this cohort of 120 patients, and cases with strong SPATA19 intensity were associated with BR (p = 0.020). In conclusion, we showed that SPATA19 protein was frequently expressed in both BPH and PCa glands, and this warrants future investigations on its pathogenic roles in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Faezahtul Arbaeyah Hussain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suet Kee Loo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - José I López
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Institute, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
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21
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Jalilah L, Ismail A, A. Talib N, Muhammad N, Hussain FA, Zainuddin N. Epigenetic methylation status of P16, MGMT and SPOCK2 in diffuse Large B cell lymphoma. imjm 2016. [DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v15i1.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Epigenetic methylation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This study investigated the methylation status of p16, MGMT and SPOCK2. Aberrantly methylated p16 and MGMT have been linked to DLBCL, but not SPOCK2. p16 inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase, which results in retinoblastoma phosphorylation and blockage of cell cycle at G1 phase. MGMT removes alkyl adduct at O 6 - guanine, thus preventing lethal cross-links. SPOCK2, an extracellular chondroitin and heparin sulfate proteoglycans, abolishes the inhibition of membrane-type 1-matrix metalloproteinase which might enhance the angiogenesis. The absence of SPOCK2 methylation was therefore hypothesized in the majority of cases in this study. Methods: Extracted DNA from 88 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues of DLBCL were subjected to bisulfite conversion followed by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis for p16, MGMT and SPOCK2 methylation. p16 methylation was also quantified in 16 samples through pyrosequencing assay. Results: p16 methylation was observed in 65/88 (74%) samples by MSP. Pyrosequencing detected p16 methylation in all 16 samples ranging from 18% to 81%. MGMT methylation was detected in all 88 (100%) cases. Methylated SPOCK2 was found in 83 (94.3%) samples. There was a significant association between p16 methylation status with patients above 50 years of age (p= 0.04). Conclusions: These preliminary discoveries may serve as a good platform in order to gain a comprehensive overview on the epigenetics contribution in the pathogenesis of DLBCL. Pyrosequencing is a robust tool in detecting and quantifying methylation.
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22
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Bakrin IH, Hussain FA, Tuan Sharif SE. Transducer-like enhancer of split 1 (TLE1) expression as a diagnostic immunohistochemical marker for synovial sarcoma and its association with morphological features. Malays J Pathol 2016; 38:117-122. [PMID: 27568668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a malignant soft tissue tumour of uncertain histogenesis which is defined by the translocation t(X;18) that produces the fusion oncogenes SYT-SSX. The emergence of transducer-like enhancer of split 1 (TLE1) as a new immunohistochemical (IHC) marker for SS has offered an alternative to pathologists in differentiating SS from other histological mimics, especially in the setting of limited molecular facilities. We investigated the utility of IHC TLE1 expression against histomorphological features and other IHC markers in SS and non-SS tumours. Twenty-six cases of histologically diagnosed SS and 7 non-SS (for which SS was in the differential diagnosis) were subjected to TLE1 IHC staining, which was graded from 0 to 3+. Of the 26 SS cases, 12 each were biphasic and monophasic types and 2 were poorly-differentiated. TLE1 was expressed in 22/26 (84.6%) SS cases, of which 11/12 (91.7%) were biphasic, 10/12 (83.3%) monophasic and 1/2 (50%) poorly-differentiated tumours. Two of 7 (28.6%) non-SS cases were positive for TLE1. Immunopositivity of SS and non-SS cases for EMA were 20/26 (76.9%) and 2/7 (28.6%) respectively and for CK7 were 7/26 (26.9%) and 0/7 (0%) respectively. All cases were negative for CD34. Consistent histomorphological features for SS included mild nuclear pleomorphism, alternating tumour cellularity, fascicular growth pattern and thick ropy stromal collagen. In conclusion, TLE1 is not a stand-alone diagnostic IHC marker for SS. However, in the absence of molecular studies, it can contribute added diagnostic value in combination with morphological evaluation and other IHC markers such as EMA and CD34.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Bakrin
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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