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Yunus FM, Jalal C, Das A, Afsana K, Podder R, Vandenberg A, DellaValle DM. Consumption of Iron-Fortified Lentils Is Protective against Declining Iron Status among Adolescent Girls in Bangladesh: Evidence from a Community-Based Double-Blind, Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00153-6. [PMID: 38458577 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many low-income countries, iron deficiency (ID) and its anemia (IDA) pose significant health challenges, particularly among females and girls. Finding sustainable and effective solutions to address this issue is critical. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of incorporating iron-fortified lentils (IFLs) into the diets of rural Bangladeshi adolescent girls on their body iron (Fe) status. METHODS A community-based, double-blind, cluster-randomized controlled trial involved n = 1195 girls aged 10-17 y. A total of 48 adolescent clubs (n = ∼27 girls each) were randomized into 3 groups: 1) 200 g cooked IFLs, 2) 200 g cooked noniron-fortified lentils (NIFLs), and 3) a control group with no lentils (usual dietary intake). The intervention, administered 5 days a week for 85 feeding days, provided ∼8.625 mg Fe from each serving of IFLs and 2.625 mg from NIFLs. Blood samples collected at baseline, midpoint (42 feeding days), and endpoint (85 feeding days) assessed key Fe and inflammation biomarkers. Statistical analyses were filtered for inflammation. RESULTS Although all groups experienced a decline in Fe status over time, the IFL group exhibited a significantly reduced decline in serum ferritin (sFer -7.2 μg/L), and total body iron (TBI -0.48 mg/kg) level compared with NIFL (sFer -14.3 μg/L and TBI -1.36 mg/kg) and usual intake group (sFer -12.8 μg/L and TBI -1.33 mg/kg). Additionally, those in the IFL group had a 57% reduced risk of developing clinical ID (sFer <15 μg/L) compared with the usual intake group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that incorporating IFLs into the diet can help mitigate a decline in sFer, indicating a positive impact on the body Fe status of adolescent girls. This research underscores the potential role of fortified foods in addressing ID and IDA in vulnerable populations, emphasizing the significance of food-based interventions in public health. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This trial was registered at the clinicaltrials.gov on May 24, 2018 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03516734?locStr=Bangladesh&country=Bangladesh&distance=50&cond=Anemia&intr=Iron%20fortified%20lentils&rank=1) as NCT03516734.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakir Md Yunus
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, The University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Chowdhury Jalal
- Evaluation and Strategic Research, Nutrition International, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anupom Das
- Civil Surgeon Office, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Kaosar Afsana
- James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Podder
- College of Agriculture and Bio-resources, The University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- College of Agriculture and Bio-resources, The University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Diane M DellaValle
- Department of Health and Human Performance, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, United States.
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Yunus FM, Standage C, Walsh C, Lockhart P, Thompson K, Keough M, Krank M, Hadwin A, Conrod PJ, Stewart SH. High peak drinking levels mediate the relation between impulsive personality and injury risk in emerging adults. Inj Epidemiol 2024; 11:5. [PMID: 38350989 PMCID: PMC10863178 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-024-00487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-induced injury is one of the leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality. We investigated the relationship between impulsive personality and physical injury (e.g. falls, sports), and whether peak drinking quantity specifically, and/or risky behaviour more generally, mediates the relationship between impulsivity and injury in undergraduates. METHOD We used data from the winter 2021 UniVenture survey with 1316 first- and second-year undergraduate students aged 18-25 years (79.5% female) from five Canadian Universities. Students completed an online survey regarding their demographics, personality, alcohol use, risky behaviours, and injury experiences. Impulsivity was measured with the substance use risk profile scale, past 30-day peak alcohol use with the quantity-frequency-peak Alcohol Use Index, general risky behaviour with the risky behaviour questionnaire, and past 6-month injury experience with the World Health Organization's (2017) injury measurement questionnaire. RESULTS Of 1316 total participants, 12.9% (n = 170) reported having sustained a physical injury in the past 6 months. Mean impulsivity, peak drinking quantity, and risky behaviour scores were significantly higher among those who reported vs. did not report injury. Impulsivity and peak drinking quantity, but not general risky behaviour, predicted injury in a multi-level generalized mixed model. Mediation analyses supported impulsivity as both a direct predictor of physical injury and an indirect predictor through increased peak drinking (both p < .05), but not through general risky behaviour. CONCLUSION Results imply emerging adults with impulsive tendencies should be identified for selective injury prevention programs and suggest targeting their heavy drinking to decrease their risk for physical injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakir Md Yunus
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Catherine Standage
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Chantal Walsh
- Injury Free Nova Scotia, Halifax, NS, B3K 0E4, Canada
| | - Peri Lockhart
- Injury Free Nova Scotia, Halifax, NS, B3K 0E4, Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Matthew Keough
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Marvin Krank
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Allyson Hadwin
- Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sherry H Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E2, Canada.
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Ahmed MS, Khan S, Islam M, Islam MI, Hossain MM, Khan B, Yunus FM. Prevalence, inequality and associated factors of overweight/obesity among Bangladeshi adolescents aged 15-19 years. Int Health 2024:ihae012. [PMID: 38306121 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the current study was to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of overweight/obesity among Bangladeshi adolescents aged 15-19 y and to identify whether wealth-related inequality exists for overweight/obesity among Bangladeshi older adolescents. METHODS We analyzed publicly available national representative secondary data from the 2019-2020 Bangladesh Adolescent Health and Wellbeing Survey. This cross-sectional survey was carried out among 18 249 adolescents aged 15-19 y regardless of their marital status using a two-stage stratified sampling technique (the data of 9128 eligible adolescents were included in this analysis). The WHO reference population for body mass index-for-age (1+Z score) was considered as overweight/obesity. RESULTS We found that girls had significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence of overweight/obesity (11.63%) than boys (8.25%); however, their biological sex as well their age were not significantly associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity. Those who were in their higher grade (grade 11 and higher) in the school and had been exposed to media were more likely (1.67 and 1.39 times, respectively) to be overweight/obesity compared with primary grade (0-5) and those who experienced no media exposure, respectively. Inequality analysis revealed that adolescents belonging to wealthy households had significantly higher rates of overweight/obesity than those in poorer households (concentration index=0.093). CONCLUSIONS The study exhibited the multifaceted nature of overweight/obesity among Bangladeshi older teenagers, revealing that their school grade, exposure to media content and wealth-related inequality emerged as significant contributing factors. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions and public health strategies to address the escalating burden of overweight and obesity in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sabbir Ahmed
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, The University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Safayet Khan
- BRAC Institute of Educational Development, BRAC University, House 113/A, Road 2, Niketan, Gulshan-1, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
- School of Educational Studies and Leadership, Faculty of Education, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Mansura Islam
- School of General Education, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Irteja Islam
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, The University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
- Research, Innovation and Grants, Spreeha Bangladesh Foundation, Mohammadpur, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Musharraf Hossain
- Resident Medical Officer (RMO), Upazila Health Complex, Bakshiganj, Jamalpur 2124, Bangladesh
| | - Bayezid Khan
- Development Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Fakir Md Yunus
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Lambe LJ, Yunus FM, Moore M, Keough MT, Thompson K, Krank M, Conrod P, Stewart SH. Inhibited personality traits, internalizing symptoms, and drinking to cope during the COVID-19 pandemic among emerging adults. Cogn Behav Ther 2022; 52:198-212. [PMID: 36519887 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2022.2152726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Emerging adults with high levels of inhibited personality traits may be at-risk for drinking to cope during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current research explored mediational pathways between two inhibited personality traits (anxiety sensitivity (AS) and hopelessness (HOP)), internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depression, and COVID-19 distress), and coping drinking motives (drinking to cope with anxiety and drinking to cope with depression) during the pandemic. Cross-sectional data were collected from 879 undergraduate drinkers (79% female, 83% White, 18-25 years old) at five Canadian universities from January-April 2021. Participants self-reported on their personality, anxiety (GAD-7), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), COVID-19 distress, and coping drinking motives. Mediational path analyses provided evidence of both specific and non-specific pathways between personality and coping motives via internalizing symptoms. Depressive symptoms partially mediated the link between HOP and drinking to cope with depression motives. While anxiety symptoms did not significantly mediate links between AS and coping with anxiety motives in the full model, evidence of mediation was found in a post-hoc sensitivity analysis. COVID-19 distress served as a non-specific mediator. AS and HOP are critical transdiagnostic risk factors that increase vulnerability for internalizing psychopathology and, in turn, risky drinking motives, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Lambe
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Fakir Md Yunus
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Moore
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Marvin Krank
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia- Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sherry H. Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Ahmed MS, Yunus FM. Trend of COVID-19 spreads and status of household handwashing practice and its determinants in Bangladesh - situation analysis using national representative data. Int J Environ Health Res 2022; 32:1002-1010. [PMID: 32924565 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1817343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with household (HH) handwashing practice in Bangladesh and draw a trend of COVID-19 spreads and compare that with the countrywide HH handwashing practice. The study is based on the two national representative publicly available datasets (MICS 2019, and confirmed cases of COVID-19). Of 61,209 (weighted) HH, the overall prevalence of HH handwashing was found 56.3%, and the prevalence was significantly varied across the socio-economic status of the HH. Map comparison suggested that the gradual increasing trend of COVID-19 cases in areas where HH handwashing practice is low. The northern part of Bangladesh had the highest handwashing practice, whereas it had less effected by COVID-19 cases. However, central Bangladesh had the hardest hit by COVID-19 cases, and it had around 50% handwashing practice coverage. Large-scale observational study is necessary to establish the causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sabbir Ahmed
- Department of Community Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Bangladesh
| | - Fakir Md Yunus
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, The University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Ahmed MS, Islam MI, Das MC, Khan A, Yunus FM. Mapping and situation analysis of basic WASH facilities at households in Bangladesh: Evidence from a nationally representative survey. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259635. [PMID: 34735535 PMCID: PMC8568162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ensuring water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities for households remains a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study investigated the current situation of basic WASH facilities for households in Bangladesh and drew a national coverage map. METHODS We analyzed the publicly available nationally representative 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) dataset that was carried out by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) with support from the United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF). A total of 61,209 households (weighted) were included in the analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed to examine the relationships between independent variables (socio-demographic and economic status) and their distributions over outcome variables (basic water, sanitation, and hygiene). Further, the spatial distribution of WASH facilities at the household level was depicted. RESULTS Coverage of access to basic water facilities at the household level was 99.5% (95% CI 99.4% to 99.6%), sanitation 60.7% (95% CI 60.0% to 61.5%), and hygiene 56.3% (95% CI 55.6% to 57.0%). However, coverage of combined access to all three components was 40.2% (95% CI 39.4% to 40.9%). Among all 64 administrative districts of Bangladesh, we found comparatively lower coverage of WASH facilities in the South and South-East regions and relatively higher in the households of the North and North-Western regions. An adjusted regression model revealed that richest households [AOR = 29.64, 95% CI 26.31 to 33.39], households in the rural areas [AOR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.50 to 1.79], household heads with higher educational attainment [AOR = 2.28, 95% CI 2.09 to 2.49], and households with 5+ family members [AOR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.56 to 1.71] had the higher likelihood to have basic WASH facilities. CONCLUSION Less than half of the Bangladeshi households had access to all three major WASH components (basic water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities); however, variation exists at the individual parameter of basic water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities. A comprehensive WASH approach may reduce the gap and improve the quality of WASH facilities in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sabbir Ahmed
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Community Health and Hygiene, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Md Irteja Islam
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Health Research and School of Commerce, The University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Manik Chandra Das
- School of Public Health and Life Sciences, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arifuzzaman Khan
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Fakir Md Yunus
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Ahmed MS, Khan S, Yunus FM. Factors associated with the utilization of reproductive health services among the Bangladeshi married women: Analysis of national representative MICS 2019 data. Midwifery 2021; 103:103139. [PMID: 34560376 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We calculated the prevalence of reproductive health services utilization among the currently married non-pregnant women in Bangladesh and investigated its association with demographics and socio-economic factors. METHODS Publicly available secondary country representative 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) dataset was analyzed. A two-stage stratified random sampling technique was followed, and all administrative districts (N=64) of Bangladesh were covered in the MICS 2019. Contraceptive use, antenatal care and skilled birth attendant were considered as utilization of reproductive health services and both crude and adjusted Odd Ratio (OR) were reported using a total of 8917 (weighted) data. RESULTS In Bangladesh, 36.9% of married non-pregnant women utilized all three reproductive health services. However, at disaggregated level, contraceptive use (66.9%), antenatal care (83%) and skilled birth attendant (59.3%) were found 2-3 folds higher then cumulative prevalence. Increased likelihood of utilization of reproductive health services (either combined or at individual services) was observed among those women who had higher education [AOR= 2.63, 95% CI 1.99 to 3.47], belong to wealthy families [AOR= 2.46, 95% CI 1.94 to 3.12], residing in urban areas [AOR= 1.33, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.54], having a smaller number of children [AOR= 1.53, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.87], and exposure to media [AOR= 1.44, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.63]. CONCLUSION Around one-third of Bangladeshi married women received combined contraceptive use, antenatal care and skilled birth attendant reproductive health services; however, variation exist at the individual service level. Targeted public health campaign focusing on women education and media advertisement may increase the utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sabbir Ahmed
- Department of Community Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh.
| | - Safayet Khan
- BRAC Institute of Educational Development, BRAC University, House 113/A, Road 2, Niketan, Gulshan 1, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Fakir Md Yunus
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax NS B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Islam MI, Yunus FM, Kabir E, Khanam R. Evaluating Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidality and Self-Harm in Australian Adolescents With Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying Victimizations. Am J Health Promot 2021; 36:73-83. [PMID: 34308672 DOI: 10.1177/08901171211034105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify and compare important risk and protective factors associated with suicidality and self-harm among traditional bullying and cyberbullying victims aged 14-17-years in Australia. DESIGN Cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING Young Minds Matter, a nationwide survey in Australia. SUBJECTS Adolescents aged 14-17-years (n = 2125). MEASURES Suicidality and self-harm were outcome variables, and explanatory variables included sociodemographic factors (age, gender, country of birth, household income, location, family type), risk factors (parental distress, family functioning, family history of substance use, child substance use, mental disorder, psychosis, eating disorders, sexual activity) and protective factors (high self-esteem, positive mental health or resilience, school connectedness, sleep) among 2 types of bullying victims-traditional and cyber. Traditional bullying includes physical (hit, kick, push) or verbal (tease, rumors, threat, ignorance), and cyberbullying includes teasing messages/pictures via email, social medial using the internet and/or mobile phones. ANALYSIS Bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression models. Statistical metrics include Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit-test, VIF test, Linktest and ROC curve for model performance and fitness. RESULTS Overall, 25.6% of adolescents were traditional bullying victims and 12% were cyberbullying victims. The percentages of suicidality (34.4% vs 21.6%) and self-harm (32.8% vs 22.3%) were higher in cyberbullying victims than in traditional bullying victims. Girls were more often bullied and likely to experience suicidal and self-harming behavior than boys. Parental distress, mental disorder and psychosis were found to be significantly associated with the increase risk for self-harm and suicidality among both bullying victims (p < 0.05). While, eating disorder and sexual activity increased the risk of suicidality in traditional bullying victims and self-harm in cyberbullying victims, respectively. Positive mental health/resilience and adequate sleep were found be significantly associated with decreased suicidality and self-harm in both bullying victims. CONCLUSION Suicidality and self-harm were common in bullying victims. The findings highlight that the risk and protective factors associated with suicidality and self-harm among adolescent who experienced traditional and cyberbullying victimization should be considered for the promotion of effective self-harm and suicide prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Irteja Islam
- Center for Health Research and School of Commerce, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.,Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fakir Md Yunus
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Enamul Kabir
- Centre for Health Research and School of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rasheda Khanam
- Center for Health Research and School of Commerce, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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Rabbi SE, Ali M, Costa LC, Pradhan P, Rahman A, Yunus FM, Kropp JP. Identifying climatic and non-climatic determinants of malnutrition prevalence in Bangladesh: A country-wide cross-sectional spatial analysis. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2021; 37:100422. [PMID: 33980410 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2021.100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Child malnutrition is indisputably a multi-faceted phenomenon. Comprehending the aforesaid crucial issue this paper intended to identify climatic and non-climatic factors for the spatial variation of malnutrition prevalence in Bangladesh. The climatic data on temperature and rainfall are obtained from the WorldClim dataset. We obtained a set of global climate layers that included monthly data on minimum temperature, maximum temperature, mean temperature, and rainfall for the period 1960-1990, at a spatial resolution up to 30 'onds (~ 1 × 1 km at the equator). The data are extracted at the district level using the zonal-statistics in QGIS. This study performed a spatial lag regression to evaluate association of malnutrition with climate characteristics and other factors. The prevalence of malnutrition exhibited substantial association with temperature and precipitation. Food production, water access, improved sanitation, literacy, road density, solvency ratio and GDP had a significant association with the spatial variation of malnutrition in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifat E Rabbi
- Potsdam Institute for climate impact research, D 14412 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Luis C Costa
- Potsdam Institute for climate impact research, D 14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Prajal Pradhan
- Potsdam Institute for climate impact research, D 14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Fakir Md Yunus
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, The University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon SK S7N 2Z4, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jürgen P Kropp
- Potsdam Institute for climate impact research, D 14412 Potsdam, Germany; University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
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Ahmed MS, Yunus FM. Factors associated with knowledge and use of the emergency contraceptive pill among ever-married women of reproductive age in Bangladesh: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2020; 26:195-201. [PMID: 33251881 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2020.1850675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with knowledge and use of the emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) among ever-married women in Bangladesh. METHODS The study was based on a secondary dataset of the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. Complete (weighted) data of 17,592 women aged 15-49 years were analysed. RESULTS The prevalence of having knowledge and use of the ECP among ever-married women in Bangladesh was 13.6% and 1.8%, respectively. Administrative region and type of residence (urban or rural), household wealth index, educational level (of both the woman and her spouse), spouse's occupation, number of living children, weight, current use of contraception and a history of pregnancy termination were positively associated with knowledge and use of the ECP. CONCLUSION A large proportion of Bangladeshi women of reproductive age had a lack of knowledge and use of the ECP. Nationwide reproductive health education programmes may improve the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sabbir Ahmed
- Department of Community Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Bangladesh
| | - Fakir Md Yunus
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Shatil T, Khan N, Yunus FM, Chowdhury AS, Reza S, Islam S, Islam A, Rahman M. What Constitutes Health Care Seeking Pathway of TB Patients: A Qualitative Study in Rural Bangladesh. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2020; 9:300-308. [PMID: 31854173 PMCID: PMC7310790 DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.190929.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the targeted 4–5% annual reduction of tuberculosis (TB) cure cases to reach the “End TB Strategy” by 2020 milestone globally set by WHO, exploration of TB health seeking behavior is warranted for insightful understanding. This qualitative study aims to provide an account of the social, cultural, and socioeconomic breadth of TB cases in Bangladesh. We carried out a total of 32 In-depth Interviews (IDIs) and 16 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) in both rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. We covered both BRAC [a multinational Non-governmental Organization (NGO)] and non-BRAC (other NGOs) TB program coverage areas to get an insight. We used purposive sampling strategy and initially followed “snowball sampling technique” to identify TB patients. Neuman’s three-phase coding system was adopted to analyze the qualitative data. Underestimation of TB knowledge and lack of awareness among the TB patients along with the opinions from their family members played key roles on their TB health seeking behavior. Quick decision on the treatment issue was observed once the diagnosis was confirmed; however, difficulties were in accepting the diseases. Nevertheless, individual beliefs, intrinsic ideologies, financial abilities, and cultural and social beliefs on TB were closely inter-connected with the “social perception” of TB that eventually influenced the care seeking pathways of TB patients in various ways. Individual and community level public health interventions could increase early diagnosis; therefore, reduce recurrent TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Shatil
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Khan
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Worts' Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Fakir Md Yunus
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.,College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, The University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon SK S7N2Z4, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anita Sharif Chowdhury
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Saifur Reza
- BRAC Tuberculosis Control Programme, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shayla Islam
- BRAC Tuberculosis Control Programme, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Akramul Islam
- BRAC Tuberculosis Control Programme, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Mahfuzar Rahman
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.,Centre for Injury Prevention, Health Development and Research, Bangladesh (CIPRB), House # B-162, Road # 23, New DOHS, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1206, Bangladesh
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12
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Podder R, Hassan Al Imam M, Jahan I, Yunus FM, Muhit M, Vandenberg A. Sensory Acceptability of Dual-Fortified Milled Red and Yellow Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.) Dal in Bangladesh. Foods 2020; 9:E992. [PMID: 32722229 PMCID: PMC7466318 DOI: 10.3390/foods9080992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the sensory properties of uncooked and cooked milled lentils that were fortified with varying concentrations of Fe and Zn in the form of NaFeEDTA and ZnSO4.H2O, respectively. Our study was carried out among 196 lentil consumers residing in rural Bangladesh who experience with growing, processing, and marketing lentils. A nine-point hedonic scale was used to rate the appearance, odor, taste, texture and overall acceptability of three uncooked and two cooked lentil (dal) samples made from each of the three milled lentil product types (LPTs), red football, red split and yellow split. Preferences for sensory properties were found to be significantly different among all uncooked lentil samples, but not significantly different for cooked samples, with a few exceptions. This means that the fortification process minimally affects dual-fortified lentil sample (fortified with 16 mg of Fe and 8 mg of Zn per 100 g of lentil), which was compared to another cooked sample (unfortified control), in terms of consumers liking for all four attributes (appearance, odor, taste, and texture).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Podder
- College of Agriculture and Bio-resources, The University of Saskatchewan, Agriculture Building 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon SK S7N 5A8, Canada;
| | - Mahmudul Hassan Al Imam
- CSF Global, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; (M.H.A.I.); (I.J.); (M.M.)
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - Israt Jahan
- CSF Global, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; (M.H.A.I.); (I.J.); (M.M.)
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - Fakir Md Yunus
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, The University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada;
| | - Mohammad Muhit
- CSF Global, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; (M.H.A.I.); (I.J.); (M.M.)
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- College of Agriculture and Bio-resources, The University of Saskatchewan, Agriculture Building 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon SK S7N 5A8, Canada;
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Yunus FM, Jalal C, Afsana K, Podder R, Vandenberg A, DellaValle DM. Iron-fortified lentils to improve iron (Fe) status among adolescent girls in Bangladesh - study protocol for a double-blind community-based randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:251. [PMID: 31046819 PMCID: PMC6498512 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lentils are generally considered to be a nutrient-dense food, and a good source of iron (Fe). This study aims to establish novel evidence of the effectiveness of the consumption of Fe-fortified lentils in improving the body Fe status and thus cognitive performance in non-pregnant adolescent girls in rural Bangladesh, compared to consumption of ordinary lentils. Methods We have designed a double-blind (both trial participants and outcome assessors), community-based, cluster-randomized controlled trial among 1260 Bangladeshi adolescent girls between the ages of 10–17 years who are non-smoking, not married, not pregnant, not breastfeeding, and generally healthy at the time of enrollment. The intervention will include three arms who will receive: (1) Fe-fortified lentils; (2) unfortified lentils; or (3) usual intake. Participants will be served a thick preparation of cooked Fe-fortified lentils (37.5 g raw lentils, approximately 200 g cooked lentils) 5 days per week for 85 feeding days (around 4 months) using a locally acceptable recipe. Lentils were fortified with Fe in the laboratory at the Department of Plant Sciences at the University of Saskatchewan in Canada. A subsample of participants (n = 360) will be randomly invited to be included in cognitive testing. Discussion Data on socio-demographic characteristics, household food security status, adolescent food habits and cognitive testing will be collected at baseline and endline (4 months). Venous blood samples will be collected at baseline, midline (2 months) and endline to measure adolescents’ Fe status. Computerized cognitive testing will include five common measures of attentional (three of attention) and mnemonic functioning (two of memory) carried out using DMDX software. The results of this study will be used to garner support for and to substantiate large-scale production and market expansion of Fe-fortified lentils, and will contribute to knowledge about how to enhance Fe status in adolescents worldwide in resource-poor settings, using staple food crops. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03516734. Registered on 24 May 2018. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3309-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Rahman M, Sohel N, Yunus FM, Alam N, Nahar Q, Streatfield PK, Yunus M. Arsenic exposure and young adult's mortality risk: A 13-year follow-up study in Matlab, Bangladesh. Environ Int 2019; 123:358-367. [PMID: 30562707 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread arsenic contamination in underground water is a well-documented public health concern that threatens millions of lives worldwide. We investigated the risk of young-adult mortality due to high chronic exposure to arsenic through years of drinking arsenic contaminated water. METHODS A prospective cohort study of 58,406 individuals was enrolled who were 4-18 years at baseline. Since Matlab HDSS (Health and Demographic Surveillance System) has an active surveillance system, all individuals were included in the follow up. Each individual's arsenic exposure was calculated at (1) baseline As level as current exposure (2) time-weighted lifetime (average or lifetime average) and (3) cumulative arsenic exposure. Age, sex, educational attainment and SES were adjusted during the analysis. In this 13 years closed-cohort study (2003-2015), all young-adult deaths were captured through verbal autopsy (VA) using International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) to define the causes. RESULTS Although, girls had higher values of cumulative arsenic exposure via tube well water than boys (median: 1858.5 μg/year/L vs. 1798.8 μg/year/L) but higher mortality due to cancers and due to cerebro-vascular disease, cardio-vascular disease, and respiratory disease (7.0 vs. 5.7 per 100,000 person-years and 6.4 vs. 4.2 per 100,000 person-years respectively). Higher risk of deaths among young adults (Adjusted HR: 2.7, 1.3-5.8) due to all cancers among those who were exposed to As > 138.7 compared to As ≤ 1.1 μg/L. For cerebro-vascular disease, cardio-vascular disease, and respiratory disease deaths, average arsenic in well water (>223.1 μg/L vs. ≤90.9 μg/L) and cumulative arsenic in well water (>2711.0 μg/year/L vs. ≤1013.3 μg/year/L) had 4.8 (1.8-12.8) and 5.1 (1.7-15.1) times higher risks of mortality than to those lowest exposed. CONCLUSION Higher concentration of, and chronic exposure to arsenic in drinking water, increases the mortality risk among the young adults, regardless of gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuzar Rahman
- Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Nazmul Sohel
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Fakir Md Yunus
- Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Nurul Alam
- ICDDRB, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Qamrun Nahar
- ICDDRB, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Yunus
- ICDDRB, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
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Yunus FM, Khan S, Mitra DK, Mistry SK, Afsana K, Rahman M. Relationship of sleep pattern and snoring with chronic disease: findings from a nationwide population-based survey. Sleep Health 2018; 4:40-48. [PMID: 29332678 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of total sleep time and presence or absence of snoring with chronic disease among the Bangladeshi adult population. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Urban and rural Bangladesh. PARTICIPANTS A total of 12,338 men and women aged ≥35 years. MEASUREMENTS Total sleep time was considered as the total hours of sleep in 24 hours. Furthermore, sleep time was categorized into <7, 7-9, and >9 hours according to National Sleep Foundation (2015) guidelines. Self-reported snoring history was captured and corroborated with their respective sleep partner/spouse in more than 80% cases. Registered physician-diagnosed current and/or previous cases of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and any other chronic conditions were counted. RESULTS Overall prevalence of at least 1 chronic disease in our study population was around 18%: men (15.4%) and women (20.0%). Hypertension has the highest prevalence (overall: 12.7%, men: 12.2%, women: 15%) followed by diabetes (4.9%), coronary heart diseases (3.2%), stroke (1.8%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (0.9%), and cancer (any type: 0.1%). Sleep pattern and snoring are significantly associated with all individual chronic disease except cancer. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and lifestyle variables were adjusted, and inadequate total sleep time (<7 hours) and snoring (yes/no) showed significant association with chronic disease status (risk ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.22 and risk ratio = 1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.11-1.29, respectively). CONCLUSION Inadequate sleep and snoring are independently associated with chronic disease in Bangladeshi adult population and perhaps elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakir Md Yunus
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, The University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon SK S7N 2Z4, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Safayet Khan
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Dipak K Mitra
- School of Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh, Plot 16 Block B, Aftabuddin Ahmed Road, Bashundhara /A, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Kaosar Afsana
- BRAC Health, Nutrition and Population Program, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 ShahidTajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Mahfuzar Rahman
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
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Yunus FM, Khan S, Chowdhury P, Milton AH, Hussain S, Rahman M. A Review of Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in Bangladesh: The Millennium Development Goal Era and Beyond. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:215. [PMID: 26891310 PMCID: PMC4772235 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination in drinking water has a detrimental impact on human health which profoundly impairs the quality of life. Despite recognition of the adverse health implications of arsenic toxicity, there have been few studies to date to suggest measures that could be taken to overcome arsenic contamination. After the statement in 2000 WHO Bulletin that Bangladesh has been experiencing the largest mass poisoning of population in history, we researched existing literature to assess the magnitude of groundwater arsenic contamination in Bangladesh. The literature reviewed related research that had been initiated and/or completed since the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) under four domains: (1) extent of arsenic contamination; (2) health consequences; (3) mitigation and technologies and (4) future directions. To this means, a review matrix was established for analysis of previous literature based on these four core domains. Our findings revealed that several high-quality research articles were produced at the beginning of the MDG period, but efforts have dwindled in recent years. Furthermore, there were only a few studies conducted that focused on developing suitable solutions for managing arsenic contamination. Although the government of Bangladesh has made its population’s access to safe drinking water a priority agenda item, there are still pockets of the population that continue to suffer from arsenic toxicity due to contaminated water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakir Md Yunus
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, 75 Mohakhali, BRAC Centre, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
- James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Safayet Khan
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, 75 Mohakhali, BRAC Centre, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Priyanka Chowdhury
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, 75 Mohakhali, BRAC Centre, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Abul Hasnat Milton
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Sumaira Hussain
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Mahfuzar Rahman
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, 75 Mohakhali, BRAC Centre, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
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Yunus FM, Rahman MJ, Alam MZ, Hore SK, Rahman M. Relationship between arsenic skin lesions and the age of natural menopause. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:419. [PMID: 24886424 PMCID: PMC4038403 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to arsenic is associated with neoplastic, cardiovascular, endocrine, neuro-developmental disorders and can have an adverse effect on women's reproductive health outcomes. This study examined the relationship between arsenic skin lesions (a hallmark sign of chronic arsenic poisoning) and age of natural menopause (final menopausal period) in populations with high levels of arsenic exposure in Bangladesh. METHODS We compared menopausal age in two groups of women--with and without arsenic skin lesions; and presence of arsenic skin lesions was used as an indicator for chronic arsenic exposure. In a cross-sectional study, a total of 210 participants were randomly identified from two ongoing studies--participants with arsenic skin lesions were identified from an ongoing clinical trial and participants with no arsenic skin lesions were identified from an ongoing cohort study. Mean age of menopause between these two groups were calculated and compared. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the relationship between the status of the arsenic skin lesions and age of natural menopause in women. RESULTS Women with arsenic skin lesions were 1.5 years younger (p <0.001) at the time of menopause compared to those without arsenic skin lesions. After adjusting with contraceptive use, body mass index, urinary arsenic level and family history of premature menopause, the difference between the groups' age at menopause was 2.1 years earlier (p <0.001) for respondents with arsenic skin lesions. CONCLUSIONS The study showed a statistically significant association between chronic exposure to arsenic and age at menopause. Heavily exposed women experienced menopause two years earlier than those with lower or no exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakir Md Yunus
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Musarrat Jabeen Rahman
- ICDDR, B – Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Research Group, Center for Communicable Diseases (CCD), Moyeen Center, House-9b, Road-3, Gulshan-1, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zahidul Alam
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, 76010 Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Samar Kumar Hore
- ICDDR, B- Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Centre for Control of Chronic Diseases (CCCD), 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Mahfuzar Rahman
- ICDDR, B – Public Health Sciences Division, the Centre for Health and Population Research, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
- UChicago Research Bangladesh, House 4, Road 2B, Sector 4, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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