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Lima MIS, Capparelli FE, Dias Oliveira JDD, Fujimura PT, Moraes ECDS, Araujo ECB, Silva NM, Alves-Balvedi RP, Brito-Madurro AG, Goulart IMB, Goulart LR. Biotechnological and Immunological Platforms Based on PGL-I Carbohydrate-Like Peptide of Mycobacterium leprae for Antibodies Detection Among Leprosy Clinical Forms. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:429. [PMID: 32256479 PMCID: PMC7092704 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) is an abundant antigen on the Mycobacterium leprae cell wall, commonly used for operational classification of leprosy patients. Our aim was to develop PGL-I mimotopes with similar characteristics and functions of the native antigen. We have used a random peptide phage display (PD) library for selections against the monoclonal antibody anti-PGL-I. After three selection cycles, six peptides were identified. All sequences were interspersed by a spacer generating a chimeric peptide (PGLI-M3) that was artificially synthesized. The highly reactive peptide was submitted to a reverse PD selection with a single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragment combinatorial library. The most reactive scFv was then validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against both native PGL-I and two derived synthetic (NDO and ND-O-HSA). We have further proved the scFv specificity by detecting M. leprae bacilli in leprosy lesions through immunohistochemistry. We then described its applicability in ELISA for all clinical forms and household contacts (HC). Afterward, we showed differential binding affinities of PGLI-M3 to sera (anti-PGL-I IgM) from all leprosy clinical forms through surface plasmon resonance (SPR). ELISA IgM detection showed 89.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity, considering all clinical forms. Positivity for anti-PGL-I IgM was twofold higher in both HC and patients with paucibacillary forms in hyperendemic regions than in endemic ones. The SPR immunosensor was able to differentiate clinical forms with 100% accuracy. This is the first time that a PGL-I mimotope has efficiently mimicked the carbohydrate group of the M. leprae antigen with successful immunoassay applications and may become a substitute for the native antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Ingrid Sousa Lima
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Fausto Emilio Capparelli
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Tiemi Fujimura
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Neide Maria Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Graci Brito-Madurro
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- National Reference Center in Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics' Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Paiva Maia YC, Araújo TG, Franco DL, Capparelli FE, Ribeiro VS, Fujimura PT, Calábria L, Paiva CE, Santos DW, Franco JA, Madurro JM, Brito-Madurro AG, Freitas RN, Goulart LR. A novel breast cancer screening platform: An epitope-based biomarker coupled to electrochemical sensor. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.28_suppl.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9 Background: The subtractive proteomic selection technology called Phage Display (PD) has been extensively used by our group in the discovery of high affinity ligands to target tissues and molecules. We have selected specific ligands against IgG purified from BC tissues, which was successfully coupled to an electrochemical sensor to detect the tumor-specific immune response. Methods: After PD selections, all immunoreactive peptide ligands were further characterized by DNA sequencing, in vitro translated and submitted to bioinformatic analyses. Further validations were performed by ELISA. We then used one synthetic peptide (SF4) for the construction of an immunosensor, which was applied to patients and control samples for final validation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed. Results: We have selected the F4 peptide for final validation and sensor construction due to its capability of detecting IgG in the peripheral blood and the excellent ELISA ratio BC:BBD, discriminating more than 70% of BC patients. The synthetic peptide reached a good precision in BC diagnosis (68%), but surprisingly, the selected F4 clone presented the highest sensitivity and specificity, (77.8% and 85.7%, respectively), suggesting that it can be used as a diagnostic reagent for early BC screening prior to imaging and pathological analyses. The electrochemical sensor that was built with the epitope-based peptide discriminated all IgG from BC and healthy individuals. Results with the EIS sensor demonstrated that the presence of (SF4) peptide IgG generated higher resistivity (-Z ') compared to the system containing only the peptide or the control sera. This is justified by the fact that with the immobilized biological peptide layer was correctly conjugated with the IgG forming an antigen: antibody complex that led to an increased resistance to the charge transfer system, producing a decrease in electron transfer between the iron-coupled / ferricyanide redox and the electrode surface. Conclusions: An electrochemical sensor using an epitope-based biomarker was developed, which allows for the first time BC screening using a very simple platform that could be an important auxiliary tool to mammography imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Eduardo Paiva
- Division of Breast & Gynecology, Department of Clinical Oncology, Barretos, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luiz R. Goulart
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Uberlândia, Brazil
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