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Abdel-Megied AM, Kovalenko S, Elbarbry FA, Piponski M, Oleshchuk O, El Deeb S, Magdy G, Belal F, Grochovuy T, Logoyda L. LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method for the quantitative analysis of nifedipine, bisoprolol, and captopril in human plasma: Application to pharmacokinetic studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5664. [PMID: 37114598 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the development and validation of an accurate and highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method were performed for the estimation of nifedipine, bisoprolol and captopril in real human plasma. Liquid-liquid extraction using tert-butyl methyl ether was efficiently applied for extraction of the analytes from plasma samples. The chromatographic separation was carried out using an isocratic elution mode on the X-terra MS C18 column (4.6 × 50 mm, 3.5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.1% formic acid (95:5, v/v) for determination of nifedipine and bisoprolol and acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid (70:30, v/v) for determination of captopril with a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. Acceptable results regarding the different validation characteristics of the analytes were obtained in accordance with US Food and Drug Administration recommendations for bioanalytical methods. The developed approach was linear over concentration ranges of 0.5-130.0, 50.0-4,500.0 and 0.3-30.0 ng/ml for nifedipine, captopril and bisoprolol, respectively. The method revealed a sufficient lower limit of quantification in the range of 0.3-50.0 ng/ml, as well as high recovery percentages, indicating high bioanalytical applicability. The proposed method was efficiently applied to a pharmacokinetic evaluation of a fixed-dose combination of the analytes in healthy male volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abdel-Megied
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Notre Dame of Maryland University, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | | | - Fawzy A Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
| | - Marjan Piponski
- Quality Control Department, Replek Farm Ltd., Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Oleksandra Oleshchuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Taras Grochovuy
- Department of Pharmacy Management, Economics and Technology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Liliya Logoyda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
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Eldehna WM, Mohammed EE, Al-Ansary GH, Berrino E, Elbadawi MM, Ibrahim TM, Jaballah MY, Al-Rashood ST, Binjubair FA, Celik M, Nocentini A, Elbarbry FA, Sahin F, Abdel-Aziz HA, Supuran CT, Fares M. Design and synthesis of 6-arylpyridine-tethered sulfonamides as novel selective inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase IX with promising antitumor features toward the human colorectal cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115538. [PMID: 37321108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a characteristic feature of solid tumors, develops as a result of excessive cell proliferation and rapid tumor growth exceeding the oxygen supply, and can result in angiogenesis activation, increased invasiveness, aggressiveness, and metastasis, leading to improved tumor survival and suppression of anticancer drug therapeutic impact. SLC-0111, a ureido benzenesulfonamide, is a selective human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) IX inhibitor in clinical trials for the treatment of hypoxic malignancies. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of novel 6-arylpyridines 8a-l and 9a-d as structural analogues of SLC-0111, in the aim of exploring new selective inhibitors for the cancer-associated hCA IX isoform. The para-fluorophenyl tail in SLC-0111 was replaced by the privileged 6-arylpyridine motif. Moreover, both ortho- and meta-sulfonamide regioisomers, as well as an ethylene extended analogous were developed. All 6-arylpyridine-based SLC-0111 analogues were screened in vitro for their inhibitory potential against a panel of hCAs (hCA I, II, IV and IX isoforms) using stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay. In addition, the anticancer activity was firstly explored against a panel of 57 cancer cell lines at the USA NCI-Developmental Therapeutic Program. Compound 8g emerged as the best anti-proliferative candidate with mean GI% value equals 44. Accordingly, a cell viability assay (MTS) for 8g was applied on colorectal HCT-116 and HT-29 cancer cell lines as well as on the healthy HUVEC cells. Thereafter, Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection, cell cycle, TUNEL, and qRT-PCR, colony formation, and wound healing assays were applied to gain mechanistic insights and to understand the behavior of colorectal cancer cells upon the treatment of compound 8g. Also, a molecular docking analysis was conducted to provide in silico insights into the reported hCA IX inhibitory activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt.
| | - Eslam E Mohammed
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, 26 Ağustos Campus, Kayisdagi Cad, Ataşehir, TR-34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ghada H Al-Ansary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbassia, Egypt
| | - Emanuela Berrino
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Mostafa M Elbadawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Tamer M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Maiy Y Jaballah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbassia, Egypt
| | - Sara T Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faizah A Binjubair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meltem Celik
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, 26 Ağustos Campus, Kayisdagi Cad, Ataşehir, TR-34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Fawzy A Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
| | - Fikrettin Sahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, 26 Ağustos Campus, Kayisdagi Cad, Ataşehir, TR-34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Mohamed Fares
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
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Abdel-Megied AM, Eldehna WM, Abdelrahman MA, Elbarbry FA. Development and Validation of High-Throughput Bioanalytical Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) Method for the Quantification of Newly Synthesized Antitumor Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Human Plasma. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235753. [PMID: 33291270 PMCID: PMC7730089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a sensitive and fully validated bioanalytical high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed for the quantitative determination of three newly synthesized carbonic anhydrases inhibitors (CAIs) with potential antitumor activity in human plasma. The analytes and the internal standard (IS) were extracted using 1.5 mL acetonitrile from only 450 µL aliquots of human plasma to achieve the desired protein precipitation. Chromatographic separations were achieved on Phenomenex Kinetex® C18 column (100 × 4.6 mm, 2.6 µm) using a binary gradient elution mode with a run time of less than 6 min. The mobile phase consisted of solvent (A): 0.1% formic acid in 50% methanol and solvent B: 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (30:70, v/v), pumped at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Detection was employed using triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (API 3500) equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in the positive ion mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was selected for quantitation through monitoring the precursor-to-parent ion transition at m/z 291.9 → 173.0, m/z 396.9 → 225.1, m/z 388.9 → 217.0, and m/z 146.9 → 91.0 for AW-9a, WES-1, WES-2, and Coumarin (IS), respectively. Linearity was computed using the weighted least-squares linear regression method (1/x2) over a concentration range of 1–1000, 2.5–800, and 5–500 ng/mL for AW-9a, WES-1, and WES-2; respectively. The bioanalytical LC-MS/MS method was fully validated as per U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines with all respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, carry-over, selectivity, dilution integrity, and stability. The proposed LC-MS/MS method was applied successfully for the determination of all investigated drugs in spiked human plasma with no significant matrix effect, which is a crucial cornerstone in further therapeutic drug monitoring of newly developed therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abdel-Megied
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh City 33516, Egypt;
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, OR 97123, USA
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh City 33516, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt;
| | - Fawzy A. Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, OR 97123, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-5033527356
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Logoyda L, Kovalenko S, Gaafar M, Abdel-Megied AM, Elbarbry FA. A validated LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of amlodipine, bisoprolol, enalapril and enalaprilat—Application to pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abdelkawy KS, El-Haggar SM, Ziada DH, Ebaid NF, El-Magd MA, Elbarbry FA. The effect of genetic variations on ribavirin pharmacokinetics and treatment response in HCV-4 Egyptian patients receiving sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and ribavirin. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109657. [PMID: 31810127 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes involved in ribavirin (RBV) transport (SLC28A2 gene, ABCB1 gene and ABCB11 gene) on the clinical outcome and pharmacokinetics of ribavirin in HCV- 4 Egyptian patients. METHOD 100 patients treated with sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and ribavirin for 12 weeks. The SNP genotyping was performed by real-time PCR using high resolution melting analysis. Ribavirin plasma trough concentrations were determined at week 4 of therapy using a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). For clinical outcomes, sustained virological response (SVR), liver function tests (ALT and AST), total bilirubin, albumin, serum creatinine, hemoglobin, leukocyte count, and platelet count were measured. RESULTS Concerning RBV pharmacokinetics, ABCB1 2677 G > T SNP and ABCB11 1331 T > C SNP were statistically associated with RBV Ctrough levels after 4 weeks of therapy. ABCB11 1331 T > C SNP revealed significant association with clinical outcomes (SVR). SLC28A2-146 A > T SNP has not showed any statistically significant association with RBV plasma levels or response. CONCLUSION SNP genotyping for ABCB1 and ABCB11 genes can help in better personalized medicine for maximizing response for ribavirin as explored by the significant association between polymorphism in ABCB1 and ABCB11 genes and ribavirin pharmacokinetics and the significant association of ABCB11 1331 T > C SNP with clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Abdelkawy
- Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
| | - S M El-Haggar
- Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt.
| | - D H Ziada
- Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
| | - N F Ebaid
- Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
| | - M A El-Magd
- Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
| | - F A Elbarbry
- Pacific University Oregon School of Pharmacy, 222 SE 8thAve., Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA.
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Elbarbry FA, Mabrouk MM, El-Dawy MA. Determination of the Analgesic Components of Spasmomigraine® Tablet by Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/90.1.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A procedure was developed for the determination of the analgesic components of Spasmomigraine® tablets, which are ergotamine (I), propyphenazone (II), caffeine (III), camylofin (IV), and mecloxamine (V). They were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography on a column (300 × 3.9 mm, 10 μm particle size) packed with μ-Bondapak C18. Separations were achieved with the mobile phase methanol–water–triethylamine (60 + 40 + 0.1, v/v/v) flowing at a rate of 1.5 mL/min, and quantitative determination was performed at 254 nm at ambient temperature for I–III; acetonitrile–25 mM KH2PO4–acetic acid (45 + 55 + 0.2, v/v/v), flowing at a rate of 1.5 mL/min and detection at 234 nm at ambient temperature, was used for IV and V. Methyl paraben was used as an internal standard. The detection limits were 0.35 (I), 5.0 (II), 1.5 (III), 3.0 (IV), and 2.0 g/mL (V). The method was accurate (mean recovery 98 ± 2%, n = 4) and precise (coefficient of variation <5%, n = 5). The proposed method is rapid and sensitive and, therefore, suitable for the routine control of these ingredients in multicomponent dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy A Elbarbry
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon SK S7N 5C9, Canada
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Stamper BD, Buhler AV, Harrelson JP, Roberts SC, Malhotra A, Elbarbry FA, Rao D, Karimi R, Turner RB, Marlow C, Devaud LL. Forecasting academic success through implementation of an online prerequisite review tutorials program for first year pharmacy students. Curr Pharm Teach Learn 2017; 9:261-271. [PMID: 29233412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Online prerequisite review (OPR) tutorials were designed and implemented to reinforce foundational scientific material in order to protect in-class time, foster self-directed learning, and ensure all students have similar baseline knowledge. METHODS Twenty-one tutorials covering undergraduate prerequisite material were developed by faculty and organized into six core modules, comprising basic biology, chemistry, and physiology topics. A quiz on this material was given on the first day of each course. This score was correlated with the final exam score at course completion. Additional student and faculty feedback was collected through surveys. RESULTS 2372 quiz-exam pairings were collected over three consecutive fall semesters. A one point increase in the quiz score was associated with a 3.6 point (95% confidence interval 3.1-4.0) higher exam score, as well as a greater probability of passing the exam (P<0.0001). Furthermore, simple linear regression revealed a positive correlation between quiz and exam scores (P<0.0001). Three full years of student survey data revealed an overwhelmingly positive perception of the OPR tutorials, and surveyed faculty reported better use of class time and improved student competency and participation. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of OPR tutorials may give faculty more efficient use of class time, and their associated quizzes serve as an early indicator for students at-risk of not passing who are candidates for early interventions. Furthermore, the OPR tutorial design gives it great transferability to biomedical post-graduate programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amber V Buhler
- Pacific University School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR 97123.
| | | | | | - Ashim Malhotra
- Pacific University School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR 97123.
| | | | - Deepa Rao
- Pacific University School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR 97123.
| | - Reza Karimi
- Pacific University School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR 97123.
| | - R Brigg Turner
- Pacific University School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR 97123.
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Elbarbry FA, Shoker AS. Liquid chromatographic determination of mycophenolic acid and its metabolites in human kidney transplant plasma: pharmacokinetic application. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 859:276-81. [PMID: 17964230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Revised: 09/01/2007] [Accepted: 09/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Difference in the hydrophilic properties of mycophenolic acid metabolites makes it technically difficult to simultaneously determine their plasma levels in one analytical run. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for MPA ensures adequate MPA exposure levels to both prevent rejection and avoid related toxicity. One measure limitation for TDM for MPA is the availability of simple, rapid and reproducible method for determination of MPA derivatives. METHOD Herein we report a single method to measure MPA and its metabolites using a gradient elution system in less than 10 min. We further tested applicability of our method in both stable and unstable renal transplant recipients with a wide range of levels. RESULTS Intra- and inter-day imprecision were less than 8% and 10%, respectively. Accuracy of the estimated concentrations ranges from 90% to 108%. CONCLUSION Collectively these data show that the new method is reasonably accurate and precise for the simultaneous determination of MPA and its metabolites in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy A Elbarbry
- Department of Medicine, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon S7N 0W8, Canada
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Alcorn J, Elbarbry FA, Allouh MZ, McNamara PJ. Evaluation of the Assumptions of an Ontogeny Model of Rat Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Activity. Drug Metab Dispos 2007; 35:2225-31. [PMID: 17881659 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.107.017590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported an ontogeny model of hepatic cytochrome P450 (P450) activity that predicts in vivo P450 elimination from in vitro intrinsic clearance. The purpose of this study was to conduct investigations into key assumptions of the P450 ontogeny model using the developing rat model system. We used two developmentally dissimilar enzymes, CYP2E1 and CYP1A2, and male rats (n = 4) at age groups representing critical developmental stages. Total body and liver weights and hepatic microsomal protein contents were measured. Following high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, apparent K(M) and V(max) estimates were calculated using nonlinear regression analysis for CYP2E1- and CYP1A2-mediated chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation and methoxyresorufin O-dealkylation, and V(max) estimates for p-nitrophenol and phenacetin hydroxylations, respectively. Hepatic scaling factors and V(max) values provided estimates for infant scaling factors (ISF). The data show microsomal protein contents increased with postnatal age and reached adult values after postnatal day (PD) 7. Apparent K(M) values were similar at all developmental stages except at < or =PD7. Developmental increases in probe substrate V(max) values did not correlate with the biphasic increase in immunoquantifiable P450. The activity of two different probe substrates for each P450 covaried as a function of age. A plot of observed ISF values as a function of age reflected the developmental pattern of rat hepatic P450. In summation, these observations diverge from several of the model's assumptions. Further investigations are required to explain these inconsistencies and to investigate whether the developing rat may provide a predictive paradigm for pediatric risk assessment for P450-mediated elimination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Alcorn
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Elbarbry FA, Shoker AS. Therapeutic drug measurement of mycophenolic acid derivatives in transplant patients. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:752-64. [PMID: 17482154 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 03/03/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mycophenolic acid, the active metabolite of the prodrug mycophenolate mofetil, is widely used as an immunosuppressive agent in transplant patients for the prophylaxis of acute rejection. Recent prospective trials suggested the need for therapeutic drug monitoring, which raises the necessity to acquire accurate methods to measure MPA and its metabolites. OBJECTIVE Present an overview of the reasons to monitor MPA and its metabolites as well as a review of the currently available methods for their determination. METHODS Articles published from January 1992 to December 2006 were reviewed. RESULTS Most of the cited references use either chromatographic or immunoassay techniques. Basic information about biological samples used for the analysis, sample preparation, stationary phase, mobile phase, detection mode and validation data are discussed. Current information suggests the feasibility to set up method(s) to monitor MPA and its metabolites in most centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy A Elbarbry
- Department of Medicine, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Elbarbry FA, Mabrouk MM, El-Dawy MA. Determination of the analgesic components of Spasmomigraine tablet by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J AOAC Int 2007; 90:94-101. [PMID: 17373440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A procedure was developed for the determination of the analgesic components of Spasmomigraine tablets, which are ergotamine (I), propyphenazone (II), caffeine (III), camylofin (IV), and mecloxamine (V). They were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography on a column (300 x 3.9 mm, 10 rlm particle size) packed with micro-Bondapak C18. Separations were achieved with the mobile phase methanol-water-triethylamine (60 + 40 + 0.1, v/v/v) flowing at a rate of 1.5 mL/min, and quantitative determination was performed at 254 nm at ambient temperature for I-III; acetonitrile-25 mM KH2PO4-acetic acid (45 + 55 + 0.2, v/v/v), flowing at a rate of 1.5 mL/min and detection at 234 nm at ambient temperature, was used for IV and V. Methyl paraben was used as an internal standard. The detection limits were 0.35 (I), 5.0 (11), 1.5 (111), 3.0 (IV), and 2.0 microg/mL (V). The method was accurate (mean recovery 98+/-2%, n = 4) and precise (coefficient of variation <5%, n = 5). The proposed method is rapid and sensitive and, therefore, suitable for the routine control of these ingredients in multicomponent dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy A Elbarbry
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon SK S7N 5C9, Canada.
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Elbarbry FA, Shoker A. Simple high performance liquid chromatographic assay for mycophenolic acid in renal transplant patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:788-92. [PMID: 16979865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Revised: 08/10/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A selective and highly accurate HPLC-UV method is described to determine plasma concentrations of mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active metabolite of the prodrugs Cellcept and Myfortic. The method is simple and utilizes acidification of plasma and protein precipitation step using a mixture of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 3). Following vortex mixing and centrifugation, the supernatant (50 microL) was injected onto a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C(18) column (150 mm x 4.6 mm I.D., 5 microm particle size). A mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 3 (43:57) delivered at 1.0 mL/min produced peaks for MPA and the internal standard (Naproxen) in <7 min. Calibration curves were linear (r(2)>0.994) from 1.0-40 microg/mL with intra- and inter-day precision <15% and accuracy >95%. The method's improved sensitivity (LOQ=1.0 microg/mL) and minimal sample processing allowed rapid monitoring of MPA in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy A Elbarbry
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. S7N5C9, Canada.
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Abstract
We report a comprehensive examination of rat hepatic CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 ontogeny. We compare the data to human data to determine the rat's capacity as a model to identify CYP-mediated mechanisms underlying age-dependent differences in susceptibility to toxicity. We evaluated CYP expression using real-time RT-PCR, immunoblot and immunohistochemistry, and specific probe activity in male rat livers (n = 4) at critical developmental life stages. CYP2E1 mRNA expression was low at birth, then increased rapidly to peak prior to weaning. CYP1A2 transcript levels remained very low postnatally and then increased dramatically to reach peak expression during weaning. Immunoreactive CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 was first detected at postnatal day 3 (PD3), and reached 50% of adult levels after weaning, and adult levels by puberty. CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 probe activity (pmol/(min mg)) was detected at PD3 and peaked during weaning and late neonatal period, respectively. CYP activity fell to adult values by puberty, a pattern that closely mirrored the temporal changes in mRNA but not protein. An increasing preferential localization of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 immunoreactivity in perivenous hepatocytes was observed with maturation to adulthood. Although differences in CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 ontogeny between rats and humans exist, knowledge of these differences will aid interspecies extrapolation of developmental toxicokinetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy A Elbarbry
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N5C9
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