da Silva FMF, de Carvalho FM, Franco ALMM, Soares TRC, Fonseca-Gonçalves A, Vieira AR, Neves ADA, de Castro Costa M. Association between molar hypomineralization, genes involved in enamel development, and medication in early childhood: A preliminary study.
Int J Paediatr Dent 2024;
34:211-218. [PMID:
37337785 DOI:
10.1111/ipd.13094]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Molar hypomineralization (MH) is defined as a multifactorial condition, and thus, its presence may be defined by interactions between environmental and genetic factors.
AIM
To evaluate the association between MH, genes involved in enamel development, and the use of medication during pregnancy in early childhood.
DESIGN
One hundred and eighteen children, 54 with and 64 without MH, were studied. The data collected included demographics, socioeconomic data, and the medical history of mothers and children. Genomic DNA was collected from saliva. Genetic polymorphisms in ameloblastin (AMBN; rs4694075), enamelin (ENAM; rs3796704, rs7664896), and kallikrein (KLK4; rs2235091) were evaluated. These genes were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan chemistry. The software PLINK was used to compare allele and genotype distributions of the groups and to assess the interaction between environmental variables and genotypes (p < .05).
RESULTS
The variant allele KLK4 rs2235091 was associated with MH in some children (odds ratio [OR]: 3.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.65-7.81; p = .001). Taking medications in the first 4 years of life was also associated with MH (OR: 2.94; 95% CI = 1.02-6.04; p = .041) and specifically in association with polymorphisms in ENAM, AMBN, and KLK4 (p < .05). The use of medications during pregnancy was not associated with MH (OR: 1.37; 95% CI = 0.593-3.18; p = .458).
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that taking medication in the postnatal period appears to contribute to the etiology of MH in some evaluated children. There may be a possible genetic influence of polymorphisms in the KLK4 gene with this condition.
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