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Mazzoni M, Cabanillas L, Costanzini A, Caremoli F, Million M, Larauche M, Clavenzani P, De Giorgio R, Sternini C. Distribution, quantification, and characterization of substance P enteric neurons in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the porcine colon. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 395:39-51. [PMID: 37982872 PMCID: PMC10774220 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The pig is an important translational model for studying intestinal physiology and disorders for its many homologies with humans, including the organization of the enteric nervous system (ENS), the major regulator of gastrointestinal functions. This study focused on the quantification and neurochemical characterization of substance P (SP) neurons in the pig ascending (AC) and descending colon (DC) in wholemount preparations of the inner submucosal plexus (ISP), outer submucosal plexus (OSP), and myenteric plexus (MP). We used antibodies for the pan-neuronal marker HuCD, and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), markers for excitatory and inhibitory transmitters, for multiple labeling immunofluorescence and high-resolution confocal microscopy. The highest density of SP immunoreactive (IR) neurons was in the ISP (222/mm2 in the AC, 166/mm2 in the DC), where they make up about a third of HuCD-IR neurons, compared to the OSP and MP (19-22% and 13-17%, respectively, P < 0.001-0.0001). HuCD/SP/ChAT-IR neurons (up to 23%) were overall more abundant than HuCD/SP/nNOS-IR neurons (< 10%). Most SP-IR neurons contained ChAT-IR (62-85%), whereas 18-38% contained nNOS-IR with the highest peak in the OSP. A subpopulation of SP-IR neurons contains both ChAT- and nNOS-IR with the highest peak in the OSP and ISP of DC (33-36%) and the lowest in the ISP of AC (< 10%, P < 0.001). SP-IR varicose fibers were abundant in the ganglia. This study shows that SP-IR neurons are functionally distinct with variable proportions in different plexuses in the AC and DC reflecting diverse functions of specific colonic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Mazzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luis Cabanillas
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anna Costanzini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Filippo Caremoli
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Current address: San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Mulugeta Million
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Muriel Larauche
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Paolo Clavenzani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Catia Sternini
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Caremoli F, Huynh J, Lagishetty V, Markovic D, Braun J, Dong TS, Jacobs JP, Sternini C. Microbiota-Dependent Upregulation of Bitter Taste Receptor Subtypes in the Mouse Large Intestine in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4145. [PMID: 37836428 PMCID: PMC10574285 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (Tas2rs in mice) detect bitterness, a warning signal for toxins and poisons, and are expressed in enteroendocrine cells. We tested the hypothesis that Tas2r138 and Tas2r116 mRNAs are modulated by microbiota alterations induced by a long-term high-fat diet (HFD) and antibiotics (ABX) (ampicillin and neomycin) administered in drinking water. Cecum and colon specimens and luminal contents were collected from C57BL/6 female and male mice for qRT-PCR and microbial luminal 16S sequencing. HFD with/without ABX significantly increased body weight and fat mass at 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Tas2r138 and Tas2r116 mRNAs were significantly increased in mice fed HFD for 8 weeks vs. normal diet, and this increase was prevented by ABX. There was a distinct microbiota separation in each experimental group and significant changes in the composition and diversity of microbiome in mice fed a HFD with/without ABX. Tas2r mRNA expression in HFD was associated with several genera, particularly with Akkermansia, a Gram-negative mucus-resident bacterium. These studies indicate that luminal bacterial composition is affected by sex, diet, and ABX and support a microbial dependent upregulation of Tas2rs in HFD-induced obesity, suggesting an adaptive host response to specific diet-induced dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Caremoli
- Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (F.C.); (J.H.); (V.L.); (T.S.D.); (J.P.J.)
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Jennifer Huynh
- Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (F.C.); (J.H.); (V.L.); (T.S.D.); (J.P.J.)
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (F.C.); (J.H.); (V.L.); (T.S.D.); (J.P.J.)
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Daniela Markovic
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Tien S. Dong
- Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (F.C.); (J.H.); (V.L.); (T.S.D.); (J.P.J.)
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Jonathan P. Jacobs
- Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (F.C.); (J.H.); (V.L.); (T.S.D.); (J.P.J.)
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Catia Sternini
- Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (F.C.); (J.H.); (V.L.); (T.S.D.); (J.P.J.)
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Sternini C, Cabanillas L, Mazzoni M, Caremoli F, Mulugeta M, Larauche M, Clavenzani P, De Giorgio R. Neurochemical Profile of Enteric Neurons in the Submucosal Plexuses of Pig vs. Human Colon. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r4047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catia Sternini
- Medicine and NeurobiologyUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCA
| | - Luis Cabanillas
- Medicine and NeurobiologyUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCA
| | - Maurizio Mazzoni
- Departments of Veterinary Medical SciencesUniversity of BolognaBologna
| | | | | | - Muriel Larauche
- MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCA
| | - Paolo Clavenzani
- Departments of Veterinary Medical SciencesUniversity of BolognaBologna
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Mazzoni M, Caremoli F, Cabanillas L, de Los Santos J, Million M, Larauche M, Clavenzani P, De Giorgio R, Sternini C. Quantitative analysis of enteric neurons containing choline acetyltransferase and nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivities in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the porcine colon. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:645-654. [PMID: 32965550 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) controls gastrointestinal functions. In large mammals' intestine, it comprises an inner (ISP) and outer (OSP) submucous plexus and a myenteric plexus (MP). This study quantifies enteric neurons in the ISP, OSP, and MP of the pig ascending (AC) and descending colon (DC) using the HuC/D, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) neuronal markers in whole mount preparations with multiple labeling immunofluorescence. We established that the ISP contains the highest number of HuC/D neurons/mm2, which were more abundant in AC vs. DC, followed by OSP and MP with similar density in AC and DC. In the ISP, the density of ChAT immunoreactive (IR) neurons was very similar in AC and DC (31% and 35%), nNOS-IR neurons were less abundant in AC than DC (15% vs. 42%, P < 0.001), and ChAT/nNOS-IR neurons were 5% and 10%, respectively. In the OSP, 39-44% of neurons were ChAT-IR in AC and DC, while 45% and 38% were nNOS-IR and 10-12% were ChAT/nNOS-IR (AC vs. DC P < 0.05). In the MP, ChAT-IR neurons were 44% in AC and 54% in DC (P < 0.05), nNOS-IR neurons were 50% in both, and ChAT/nNOS-IR neurons were 12 and 18%, respectively. The ENS architecture with multilayered submucosal plexuses and the distribution of functionally distinct groups of neurons in the pig colon are similar to humans, supporting the suitability of the pig as a model and providing the platform for investigating the mechanisms underlying human colonic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Mazzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Caremoli
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Luis Cabanillas
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Janira de Los Santos
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mulugeta Million
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Muriel Larauche
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Paolo Clavenzani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Catia Sternini
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Cabanillas L, Mazzoni M, Caremoli F, Ibarra K, Lattanzio G, Clavenzani P, De Giorgio R, Sternini C. “SPARC” Neurochemical Profile of Enteric Neurons in the Inner and Outer Submucosal Plexus of The Ascending and Descending Colon of Adult Pigs. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cabanillas
- Departments of Medicine & Neurobiology University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Maurizio Mazzoni
- Departments of Medical Surgical Science and Veterinarian Medicine University of Bologna
| | - Filippo Caremoli
- Departments of Medicine & Neurobiology University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Karla Ibarra
- Departments of Medicine & Neurobiology University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Giulia Lattanzio
- Departments of Medical Surgical Science and Veterinarian Medicine University of Bologna
| | - Poalo Clavenzani
- Departments of Medical Surgical Science and Veterinarian Medicine University of Bologna
| | | | - Catia Sternini
- Departments of Medicine & Neurobiology University of California Los Angeles CA USA
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Latorre E, Carelli S, Caremoli F, Giallongo T, Colli M, Canazza A, Provenzani A, Di Giulio AM, Gorio A. Human Antigen R Binding and Regulation of SOX2 mRNA in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 89:243-52. [PMID: 26677051 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2005, sex determining region y-box 2 (SOX2) has drawn the attention of the scientific community for being one of the key transcription factors responsible for pluripotency induction in somatic stem cells. Our research investigated the turnover regulation of SOX2 mRNA in human adipose-derived stem cells, considered one of the most valuable sources of somatic stem cells in regenerative medicine. Mitoxantrone is a drug that acts on nucleic acids primarily used to treat certain types of cancer and was recently shown to ameliorate the outcome of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. In addition, mitoxantrone has been shown to inhibit the binding of human antigen R (HuR) RNA-binding protein to tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA. Our results show that HuR binds to the 3'-untranslated region of SOX2 mRNA together with the RNA-induced silencing complex miR145. The HuR binding works by stabilizing the interaction between the 3'-untranslated region and the RNA-induced silencing complex. Cell exposure to mitoxantrone leads to HuR detachment and the subsequent prolongation of the SOX2 mRNA half-life. The prolonged SOX2 half-life allows improvement of the spheroid-forming capability of the adipose-derived stem cells. The silencing of HuR confirmed the above observations and illustrates how the RNA-binding protein HuR may be a required molecule for regulation of SOX2 mRNA decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Latorre
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.L., S.C., F.C., T.G., M.C., A.M.D.G., A.G.); Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy (A.C.); and Laboratory of Genomic Screening Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (A.P.)
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.L., S.C., F.C., T.G., M.C., A.M.D.G., A.G.); Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy (A.C.); and Laboratory of Genomic Screening Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (A.P.)
| | - Filippo Caremoli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.L., S.C., F.C., T.G., M.C., A.M.D.G., A.G.); Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy (A.C.); and Laboratory of Genomic Screening Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (A.P.)
| | - Toniella Giallongo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.L., S.C., F.C., T.G., M.C., A.M.D.G., A.G.); Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy (A.C.); and Laboratory of Genomic Screening Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (A.P.)
| | - Mattia Colli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.L., S.C., F.C., T.G., M.C., A.M.D.G., A.G.); Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy (A.C.); and Laboratory of Genomic Screening Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (A.P.)
| | - Alessandra Canazza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.L., S.C., F.C., T.G., M.C., A.M.D.G., A.G.); Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy (A.C.); and Laboratory of Genomic Screening Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Provenzani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.L., S.C., F.C., T.G., M.C., A.M.D.G., A.G.); Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy (A.C.); and Laboratory of Genomic Screening Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (A.P.)
| | - Anna Maria Di Giulio
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.L., S.C., F.C., T.G., M.C., A.M.D.G., A.G.); Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy (A.C.); and Laboratory of Genomic Screening Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (A.P.)
| | - Alfredo Gorio
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.L., S.C., F.C., T.G., M.C., A.M.D.G., A.G.); Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy (A.C.); and Laboratory of Genomic Screening Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (A.P.)
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Carelli S, Messaggio F, Canazza A, Hebda DM, Caremoli F, Latorre E, Grimoldi MG, Colli M, Bulfamante G, Tremolada C, Di Giulio AM, Gorio A. Characteristics and Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Microfragmented Adipose Tissue. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:1233-52. [DOI: 10.3727/096368914x681603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The subcutaneous adipose tissue provides a clear advantage over other mesenchymal stem cell sources due to the ease with which it can be accessed, as well as the ease of isolating the residing stem cells. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs), localized in the stromal–vascular portion, can be isolated ex vivo using a combination of washing steps and enzymatic digestion. In this study, we report that microfragmented human lipoaspirated adipose tissue is a better stem cell source compared to normal lipoaspirated tissue. The structural composition of microfragments is comparable to the original tissue. Differently, however, this procedure activates the expression of antigens, such as β-tubulin III. The hADSCs derived from microfragmented lipoaspirate tissue were systematically characterized for growth features, phenotype, and multipotent differentiation potential. They fulfill the definition of mesenchymal stem cells, although with a higher neural phenotype profile. These cells also express genes that constitute the core circuitry of self-renewal such as OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG, and neurogenic lineage genes such as NEUROD1, PAX6, and SOX3. Such findings suggest further studies by evaluating Microfrag-AT hADSC action in animal models of neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephana Carelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fanuel Messaggio
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Canazza
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute “C. Besta,” Milan, Italy
| | - Danuta Maria Hebda
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Caremoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Latorre
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Colli
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Bulfamante
- Department of Health Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anna Maria Di Giulio
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfredo Gorio
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Bassoli A, Borgonovo G, Caremoli F, Mancuso G. The taste of D- and L-amino acids: In vitro binding assays with cloned human bitter (TAS2Rs) and sweet (TAS1R2/TAS1R3) receptors. Food Chem 2013; 150:27-33. [PMID: 24360415 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The taste of different enantiomeric forms of amino acids has been deeply investigated because it represents the most impressive case of correlation between stereochemistry and flavour. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the molecular activity of d- and l-amino acids using an in vitro system based on a cellular model overexpressing sweet and bitter receptors, and to analyse the correlation between in vitro and sensory studies. With our work we demonstrated specific enantiomeric activities for several amino acids on TAS1R2-TAS1R3 sweet receptor. Moreover, we proved interaction of tryptophan and phenylalanine with a specific group of TAS2Rs bitter receptors, confirming and improving the results recently obtained in the tasting of amino acids. In addition, we provide the first systematic analysis of l- and d-amino acid actions on the sweet heterodimeric receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bassoli
- DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - G Borgonovo
- DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - F Caremoli
- DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - G Mancuso
- DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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