1
|
Henderson SH, Sorrell FJ, Bennett JM, Fedorov O, Hanley MT, Godoi PH, Ruela de Sousa R, Robinson S, Navratilova IH, Elkins JM, Ward SE. Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines as inhibitors of DYRK kinases. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116292. [PMID: 38479168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Selective inhibitors of DYRK1A are of interest for the treatment of cancer, Type 2 diabetes and neurological disorders. Optimization of imidazo [1,2-b]pyridazine fragment 1 through structure-activity relationship exploration and in silico drug design efforts led to the discovery of compound 17 as a potent cellular inhibitor of DYRK1A with selectivity over much of the kinome. The binding mode of compound 17 was elucidated with X-ray crystallography, facilitating the rational design of compound 29, an imidazo [1,2-b]pyridazine with improved kinase selectivity with respect to closely related CLK kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Henderson
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK.
| | - Fiona J Sorrell
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - James M Bennett
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Marcus T Hanley
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Paulo H Godoi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Av. Dr. André Tosello, 550, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ruela de Sousa
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Av. Dr. André Tosello, 550, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Sean Robinson
- Exscientia, The Schrödinger Building, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GE, UK
| | - Iva Hopkins Navratilova
- Exscientia, The Schrödinger Building, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GE, UK; University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Jonathan M Elkins
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK; Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Av. Dr. André Tosello, 550, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13083-886, Brazil.
| | - Simon E Ward
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, CF10 3AT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krieger J, Sorrell FJ, Wegener AA, Leuthner B, Machrouhi-Porcher F, Hecht M, Leibrock EM, Müller JE, Eisert J, Hartung IV, Schlesiger S. Systematic Potency and Property Assessment of VHL Ligands and Implications on PROTAC Design. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200615. [PMID: 36749883 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a systematic SAR- and SPR-investigation of the peptidomimetic hydroxy-proline based VHL-ligand VH032, from which most to-date published VHL-targeting PROTACs have been derived. This study provides for the first time a consistent data set which allows for direct comparison of structural variations including those which were so far hidden in patent literature. The gained knowledge about improved VHL binders was used to design a small library of highly potent BRD4-degraders comprising different VHL exit vectors. Newly designed degraders showed favorable molecular properties and significantly improved degradation potency compared to MZ1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Krieger
- Discovery and Development Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Fiona J Sorrell
- Discovery and Development Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ansgar A Wegener
- Discovery and Development Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Birgitta Leuthner
- Discovery and Development Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Martin Hecht
- Site Management Analytics, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Eva M Leibrock
- Discovery and Development Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Juliane E Müller
- Discovery and Development Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jonathan Eisert
- Discovery and Development Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ingo V Hartung
- Discovery and Development Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sarah Schlesiger
- Discovery and Development Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Z, Zhang J, Murillo-de-Ozores AR, Castañeda-Bueno M, D'Amico F, Heilig R, Manning CE, Sorrell FJ, D'Angiolella V, Fischer R, Mulder MPC, Gamba G, Alessi DR, Bullock AN. Sequence and structural variations determining the recruitment of WNK kinases to the KLHL3 E3 ligase. Biochem J 2022; 479:661-675. [PMID: 35179207 PMCID: PMC9022995 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The BTB-Kelch protein KLHL3 is a Cullin3-dependent E3 ligase that mediates the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of kinases WNK1-4 to control blood pressure and cell volume. A crystal structure of KLHL3 has defined its binding to an acidic degron motif containing a PXXP sequence that is strictly conserved in WNK1, WNK2 and WNK4. Mutations in the second proline abrograte the interaction causing the hypertension syndrome pseudohypoaldosteronism type II. WNK3 shows a diverged degron motif containing four amino acid substitutions that remove the PXXP motif raising questions as to the mechanism of its binding. To understand this atypical interaction, we determined the crystal structure of the KLHL3 Kelch domain in complex with a WNK3 peptide. The electron density enabled the complete 11-mer WNK-family degron motif to be traced for the first time revealing several conserved features not captured in previous work, including additional salt bridge and hydrogen bond interactions. Overall, the WNK3 peptide adopted a conserved binding pose except for a subtle shift to accommodate bulkier amino acid substitutions at the binding interface. At the centre, the second proline was substituted by WNK3 Thr541, providing a unique phosphorylatable residue among the WNK-family degrons. Fluorescence polarisation and structural modelling experiments revealed that its phosphorylation would abrogate the KLHL3 interaction similarly to hypertension-causing mutations. Together, these data reveal how the KLHL3 Kelch domain can accommodate the binding of multiple WNK isoforms and highlight a potential regulatory mechanism for the recruitment of WNK3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyao Chen
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD15EH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Adrián R. Murillo-de-Ozores
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Castañeda-Bueno
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francesca D'Amico
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Einthovenweg 20, 2333, ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raphael Heilig
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Charlotte E. Manning
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Fiona J. Sorrell
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Vincenzo D'Angiolella
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research U.K.. and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Monique P. C. Mulder
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Einthovenweg 20, 2333, ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dario R. Alessi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD15EH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Alex N. Bullock
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Serafim RAM, Sorrell FJ, Berger BT, Collins RJ, Vasconcelos SNS, Massirer KB, Knapp S, Bennett J, Fedorov O, Patel H, Zuercher WJ, Elkins JM. Discovery of a Potent Dual SLK/STK10 Inhibitor Based on a Maleimide Scaffold. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13259-13278. [PMID: 34463505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
SLK (STE20-like kinase) and STK10 (serine/threonine kinase 10) are closely related kinases whose enzymatic activity is linked to the regulation of ezrin, radixin, and moesin function and to the regulation of lymphocyte migration and the cell cycle. We identified a series of 3-anilino-4-arylmaleimides as dual inhibitors of SLK and STK10 with good kinome-wide selectivity. Optimization of this series led to multiple SLK/STK10 inhibitors with nanomolar potency. Crystal structures of exemplar inhibitors bound to SLK and STK10 demonstrated the binding mode of the inhibitors and rationalized their selectivity. Cellular target engagement assays demonstrated the binding of the inhibitors to SLK and STK10 in cells. Further selectivity analyses, including analysis of activity of the reported inhibitors against off-targets in cells, identified compound 31 as the most potent and selective inhibitor of SLK and STK10 yet reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A M Serafim
- Center for Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil.,Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Dr. André Tosello, 550, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Fiona J Sorrell
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Benedict-Tilman Berger
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, DE, Germany.,Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, DE, Germany
| | - Ross J Collins
- Medicines Discovery Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Stanley N S Vasconcelos
- Center for Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil.,Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Dr. André Tosello, 550, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Katlin B Massirer
- Center for Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil.,Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Dr. André Tosello, 550, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, DE, Germany.,Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, DE, Germany
| | - James Bennett
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Hitesh Patel
- Medicines Discovery Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - William J Zuercher
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jonathan M Elkins
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Dr. André Tosello, 550, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP 13083-886, Brazil.,Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fromont C, Atzori A, Kaur D, Hashmi L, Greco G, Cabanillas A, Nguyen HV, Jones DH, Garzón M, Varela A, Stevenson B, Iacobini GP, Lenoir M, Rajesh S, Box C, Kumar J, Grant P, Novitskaya V, Morgan J, Sorrell FJ, Redondo C, Kramer A, Harris CJ, Leighton B, Vickers SP, Cheetham SC, Kenyon C, Grabowska AM, Overduin M, Berditchevski F, Weston CJ, Knapp S, Fischer PM, Butterworth S. Discovery of Highly Selective Inhibitors of Calmodulin-Dependent Kinases That Restore Insulin Sensitivity in the Diet-Induced Obesity in Vivo Mouse Model. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6784-6801. [PMID: 32433887 PMCID: PMC7445743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Polymorphisms
in the region of the calmodulin-dependent kinase
isoform D (CaMK1D) gene are associated with increased incidence of
diabetes, with the most common polymorphism resulting in increased
recognition by transcription factors and increased protein expression.
While reducing CaMK1D expression has a potentially beneficial effect
on glucose processing in human hepatocytes, there are no known selective
inhibitors of CaMK1 kinases that can be used to validate or translate
these findings. Here we describe the development of a series of potent,
selective, and drug-like CaMK1 inhibitors that are able to provide
significant free target cover in mouse models and are therefore useful
as in vivo tool compounds. Our results show that
a lead compound from this series improves insulin sensitivity and
glucose control in the diet-induced obesity mouse model after both
acute and chronic administration, providing the first in vivo validation of CaMK1D as a target for diabetes therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Fromont
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences and School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Alessio Atzori
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences and School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Divneet Kaur
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences and School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Lubna Hashmi
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences and School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Graziella Greco
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Alejandro Cabanillas
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Huy Van Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, U.K
| | - D Heulyn Jones
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Miguel Garzón
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Ana Varela
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Brett Stevenson
- Sygnature Discovery, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, U.K
| | - Greg P Iacobini
- Sygnature Discovery, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, U.K
| | - Marc Lenoir
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Sundaresan Rajesh
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Clare Box
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Paige Grant
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Vera Novitskaya
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Juliet Morgan
- Sygnature Discovery, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, U.K
| | - Fiona J Sorrell
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Clara Redondo
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Andreas Kramer
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C John Harris
- CJH Consultants, Ford Cottage, South Weirs, Burley Road, Brockenhurst, Hants SO42 7UQ, U.K
| | - Brendan Leighton
- The Research Network, IPC 600 Discovery Park, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Steven P Vickers
- RenaSci Limited, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, U.K
| | | | - Colin Kenyon
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Anna M Grabowska
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael Overduin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Fedor Berditchevski
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Chris J Weston
- Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.,NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter M Fischer
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences and School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Sam Butterworth
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Verdonck S, Pu SY, Sorrell FJ, Elkins JM, Froeyen M, Gao LJ, Prugar LI, Dorosky DE, Brannan JM, Barouch-Bentov R, Knapp S, Dye JM, Herdewijn P, Einav S, De Jonghe S. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of 3,5-Disubstituted-pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridines as Inhibitors of Adaptor-Associated Kinase 1 with Antiviral Activity. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5810-5831. [PMID: 31136173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There are currently no approved drugs for the treatment of emerging viral infections, such as dengue and Ebola. Adaptor-associated kinase 1 (AAK1) is a cellular serine-threonine protein kinase that functions as a key regulator of the clathrin-associated host adaptor proteins and regulates the intracellular trafficking of multiple unrelated RNA viruses. Moreover, AAK1 is overexpressed specifically in dengue virus-infected but not bystander cells. Because AAK1 is a promising antiviral drug target, we have embarked on an optimization campaign of a previously identified 7-azaindole analogue, yielding novel pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridines with high AAK1 affinity. The optimized compounds demonstrate improved activity against dengue virus both in vitro and in human primary dendritic cells and the unrelated Ebola virus. These findings demonstrate that targeting cellular AAK1 may represent a promising broad-spectrum antiviral strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Verdonck
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research , KU Leuven , Herestraat 49-bus 1041 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Szu-Yuan Pu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Fiona J Sorrell
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Target Discovery Institute (TDI) and Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC) , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Jon M Elkins
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Target Discovery Institute (TDI) and Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC) , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K.,Structural Genomics Consortium , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Av. Dr. André Tosello, 550 , Barão Geraldo, Campinas , São Paulo 13083-886 , Brazil
| | - Mathy Froeyen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research , KU Leuven , Herestraat 49-bus 1041 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Ling-Jie Gao
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research , KU Leuven , Herestraat 49-bus 1041 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Laura I Prugar
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Viral Immunology Branch , Fort Detrick , Maryland 21702 , United States
| | - Danielle E Dorosky
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Viral Immunology Branch , Fort Detrick , Maryland 21702 , United States
| | - Jennifer M Brannan
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Viral Immunology Branch , Fort Detrick , Maryland 21702 , United States
| | - Rina Barouch-Bentov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Target Discovery Institute (TDI) and Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC) , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K.,Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences Campus Riedbeerg , Goethe-University Frankfurt , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - John M Dye
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Viral Immunology Branch , Fort Detrick , Maryland 21702 , United States
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research , KU Leuven , Herestraat 49-bus 1041 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Shirit Einav
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research , KU Leuven , Herestraat 49-bus 1041 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Agajanian MJ, Walker MP, Axtman AD, Ruela-de-Sousa RR, Serafin DS, Rabinowitz AD, Graham DM, Ryan MB, Tamir T, Nakamichi Y, Gammons MV, Bennett JM, Couñago RM, Drewry DH, Elkins JM, Gileadi C, Gileadi O, Godoi PH, Kapadia N, Müller S, Santiago AS, Sorrell FJ, Wells CI, Fedorov O, Willson TM, Zuercher WJ, Major MB. WNT Activates the AAK1 Kinase to Promote Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LRP6 and Establish a Negative Feedback Loop. Cell Rep 2019; 26:79-93.e8. [PMID: 30605688 PMCID: PMC6315376 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin-dependent WNT signal transduction governs development, tissue homeostasis, and a vast array of human diseases. Signal propagation through a WNT-Frizzled/LRP receptor complex requires proteins necessary for clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Paradoxically, CME also negatively regulates WNT signaling through internalization and degradation of the receptor complex. Here, using a gain-of-function screen of the human kinome, we report that the AP2 associated kinase 1 (AAK1), a known CME enhancer, inhibits WNT signaling. Reciprocally, AAK1 genetic silencing or its pharmacological inhibition using a potent and selective inhibitor activates WNT signaling. Mechanistically, we show that AAK1 promotes clearance of LRP6 from the plasma membrane to suppress the WNT pathway. Time-course experiments support a transcription-uncoupled, WNT-driven negative feedback loop; prolonged WNT treatment drives AAK1-dependent phosphorylation of AP2M1, clathrin-coated pit maturation, and endocytosis of LRP6. We propose that, following WNT receptor activation, increased AAK1 function and CME limits WNT signaling longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Agajanian
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alison D Axtman
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Roberta R Ruela-de-Sousa
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - D Stephen Serafin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alex D Rabinowitz
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David M Graham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Meagan B Ryan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tigist Tamir
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yuko Nakamichi
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano 399-0704, Japan
| | - Melissa V Gammons
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - James M Bennett
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rafael M Couñago
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - David H Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan M Elkins
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Carina Gileadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Opher Gileadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Paulo H Godoi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Nirav Kapadia
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Susanne Müller
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - André S Santiago
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fiona J Sorrell
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Carrow I Wells
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Timothy M Willson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - William J Zuercher
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael B Major
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pinkas DM, Sanvitale CE, Bufton JC, Sorrell FJ, Solcan N, Chalk R, Doutch J, Bullock AN. Structural complexity in the KCTD family of Cullin3-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligases. Biochem J 2017; 474:3747-3761. [PMID: 28963344 PMCID: PMC5664961 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Members of the potassium channel tetramerization domain (KCTD) family are soluble non-channel proteins that commonly function as Cullin3 (Cul3)-dependent E3 ligases. Solution studies of the N-terminal BTB domain have suggested that some KCTD family members may tetramerize similarly to the homologous tetramerization domain (T1) of the voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels. However, available structures of KCTD1, KCTD5 and KCTD9 have demonstrated instead pentameric assemblies. To explore other phylogenetic clades within the KCTD family, we determined the crystal structures of the BTB domains of a further five human KCTD proteins revealing a rich variety of oligomerization architectures, including monomer (SHKBP1), a novel two-fold symmetric tetramer (KCTD10 and KCTD13), open pentamer (KCTD16) and closed pentamer (KCTD17). While these diverse geometries were confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), only the pentameric forms were stable upon size-exclusion chromatography. With the exception of KCTD16, all proteins bound to Cul3 and were observed to reassemble in solution as 5 : 5 heterodecamers. SAXS data and structural modelling indicate that Cul3 may stabilize closed BTB pentamers by binding across their BTB-BTB interfaces. These extra interactions likely also allow KCTD proteins to bind Cul3 without the expected 3-box motif. Overall, these studies reveal the KCTD family BTB domain to be a highly versatile scaffold compatible with a range of oligomeric assemblies and geometries. This observed interface plasticity may support functional changes in regulation of this unusual E3 ligase family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Pinkas
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Caroline E Sanvitale
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Joshua C Bufton
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Fiona J Sorrell
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Nicolae Solcan
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Rod Chalk
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - James Doutch
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, STFC, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Alex N Bullock
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sorrell FJ, Szklarz M, Abdul Azeez KR, Elkins JM, Knapp S. Family-wide Structural Analysis of Human Numb-Associated Protein Kinases. Structure 2016; 24:401-11. [PMID: 26853940 PMCID: PMC4780864 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The highly diverse Numb-associated kinase (NAK) family has been linked to broad cellular functions including receptor-mediated endocytosis, Notch pathway modulation, osteoblast differentiation, and dendrite morphogenesis. Consequently, NAK kinases play a key role in a diverse range of diseases from Parkinson's and prostate cancer to HIV. Due to the plasticity of this kinase family, NAK kinases are often inhibited by approved or investigational drugs and have been associated with side effects, but they are also potential drug targets. The presence of cysteine residues in some NAK family members provides the possibility for selective targeting via covalent inhibition. Here we report the first high-resolution structures of kinases AAK1 and BIKE in complex with two drug candidates. The presented data allow a comprehensive structural characterization of the NAK kinase family and provide the basis for rational design of selective NAK inhibitors. First crystal structures of AAK1 and BIKE solved, completing the NAK family Structural analysis of NAKs performed, revealing unusual family architecture 144 clinical kinase inhibitors screened against AAK1, BIKE, GAK, and MPSK1 Nanomolar and covalent inhibitors discovered from clinical kinase library
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Sorrell
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute (TDI), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Marta Szklarz
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute (TDI), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kamal R Abdul Azeez
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute (TDI), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jon M Elkins
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute (TDI), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute (TDI), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences Campus Riedberg, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Keap1 is a highly redox-sensitive member of the BTB-Kelch family that assembles with the Cul3 protein to form a Cullin-RING E3 ligase complex for the degradation of Nrf2. Oxidative stress disables Keap1, allowing Nrf2 protein levels to accumulate for the transactivation of critical stress response genes. Consequently, the Keap1-Nrf2 system is extensively pursued for the development of protein-protein interaction inhibitors that will stabilize Nrf2 for therapeutic effect in conditions of neurodegeneration, inflammation, and cancer. Here we review current progress toward the structure determination of Keap1 and its protein complexes with Cul3, Nrf2 substrate, and small-molecule antagonists. Together the available structures establish a rational three-dimensional model to explain the two-site binding of Nrf2 as well as its efficient ubiquitination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Canning
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Fiona J Sorrell
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alex N Bullock
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wilbek TS, Skovgaard T, Sorrell FJ, Knapp S, Berthelsen J, Strømgaard K. Identification and characterization of a small-molecule inhibitor of death-associated protein kinase 1. Chembiochem 2015; 16:59-63. [PMID: 25382253 PMCID: PMC4431585 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theis S Wilbek
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 22100 Copenhagen (Denmark)
| | | | - Fiona J Sorrell
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research BuildingRoosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ (UK)
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research BuildingRoosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ (UK)
| | - Jens Berthelsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Institute for International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen(Denmark)
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 22100 Copenhagen (Denmark)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thompson MJ, Louth JC, Ferrara S, Jackson MP, Sorrell FJ, Cochrane EJ, Gever J, Baxendale S, Silber BM, Roehl HH, Chen B. Discovery of 6-substituted indole-3-glyoxylamides as lead antiprion agents with enhanced cell line activity, improved microsomal stability and low toxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4125-32. [PMID: 21726921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of highly potent indole-3-glyoxylamide based antiprion agents was previously characterized, focusing on optimization of structure-activity relationship (SAR) at positions 1-3 of the indole system. New libraries interrogating the SAR at indole C-4 to C-7 now demonstrate that introducing electron-withdrawing substituents at C-6 may improve biological activity by up to an order of magnitude, and additionally confer higher metabolic stability. For the present screening libraries, both the degree of potency and trends in SAR were consistent across two cell line models of prion disease, and the large majority of compounds showed no evidence of toxic effects in zebrafish. The foregoing observations thus make the indole-3-glyoxylamides an attractive lead series for continuing development as potential therapeutic agents against prion disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Krebs Institute, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Thompson MJ, Louth JC, Ferrara S, Sorrell FJ, Irving BJ, Cochrane EJ, Meijer AJHM, Chen B. Structure-activity relationship refinement and further assessment of indole-3-glyoxylamides as a lead series against prion disease. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:115-30. [PMID: 21154498 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships within the indole-3-glyoxylamide series of antiprion agents have been explored further, resulting in discovery of several new compounds demonstrating excellent activity in a cell line model of prion disease (EC₅₀ <10 nM). After examining a range of substituents at the para-position of the N-phenylglyoxylamide moiety, five-membered heterocycles containing at least two heteroatoms were found to be optimal for the antiprion effect. A number of modifications were made to probe the importance of the glyoxylamide substructure, although none were well tolerated. The most potent compounds did, however, prove largely stable towards microsomal metabolism, and the most active library member cured scrapie-infected cells indefinitely on administration of a single treatment. The present results thereby confirm the indole-3-glyoxylamides as a promising lead series for continuing in vitro and in vivo evaluation against prion disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sorrell FJ, Greenwood GK, Birchall K, Chen B. Development of a differential scanning fluorimetry based high throughput screening assay for the discovery of affinity binders against an anthrax protein. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 52:802-8. [PMID: 20376913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The anthrax protein protective antigen (PA) is responsible for cell-surface recognition and aids the delivery of the toxic anthrax enzymes into host cells. By targeting PA and preventing it from binding to host cells, it is hoped that the delivery of toxins into the cell will be inhibited. The current assay reported for PA is a low throughput functional assay. Here, the high throughput screening method using differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) was developed and optimized to screen a number of libraries from various sources including a selection of FDA-approved drugs as well as hits selected by a virtual screening campaign. DSF is a rapid technique that uses fluorescence to monitor the thermal unfolding of proteins using a standard QPCR instrument. A positive shift in the calculated melting temperature (Tm), of the protein in the presence of a compound, relative to the Tm of the unbound protein, indicates that stabilization of the protein by ligand binding may have occurred. Optimization of the melting assay showed SYPRO Orange to be an ideal dye as a marker and lead to the reduction of DMSO concentration to <1% (v/v) in the final assay. The final assay volume was minimized to 25 L with 5 g protein per well of 96-well plate. In addition, a buffer, salt and additive screen lead to the selection of 10 mM HEPES-NaOH pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl as the assay buffer. This method has been shown here to be useful as a primary method for the detection of small-molecule PA ligands, giving a hit rate of approximately 7%. These ligands can then be studied further using PA functional assays to confirm their biological activities before being selected as lead compounds for the treatment of anthrax.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Sorrell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|