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Winiarski B, Gheysen J, Pyka G, Hannard F, Arseenko M, Villanova J, Brinek A, Chirazi A, Jiang L, Simar A. Correlative Microscopy Discovers Self-Healing of AM-Build Al-Mg Alloy. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1981-1982. [PMID: 37612913 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Winiarski
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Gheysen
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgique
| | - G Pyka
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgique
| | - F Hannard
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgique
| | - M Arseenko
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgique
| | - J Villanova
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - A Brinek
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Chirazi
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bordeaux, France
| | - L Jiang
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
| | - A Simar
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgique
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Das S, Hannard F, Barthelat F. Mechanics and properties of fish fin rays in nonlinear regimes of large deformations. Acta Biomater 2023:S1742-7061(23)00354-9. [PMID: 37364788 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Fins from ray-finned fishes do not contain muscles, yet fish can change the shape of their fins with high precision and speed, while producing large hydrodynamics forces without collapsing. This remarkable performance has been intriguing researchers for decades, but experiments have so far focused on homogenized properties, and models were developed only for small deformations and small rotations. Here we present fully instrumented micromechanical tests on individual rays from Rainbow trout in both morphing and flexural deflection mode and at large deflections. We then present a nonlinear mechanical model of the ray that captures the key structural elements controlling the mechanical behavior of rays under large deformations, which we successfully fit onto the experiments for property identification. We found that the flexural stiffness of the mineralized layers in the rays (hemitrichs) is 5-6 times lower than their axial stiffness, an advantageous combination to produce stiff morphing. In addition, the collagenous core region can be modeled with spring elements which are 3-4 orders of magnitude more compliant than the hemitrichs. This fibrillar structure provides negligible resistance to shearing from the initial position, but it prevents buckling and collapse of the structure at large deformations. These insights from the experiments and nonlinear models can serve as new guidelines for the design of efficient bioinspired stiff morphing materials and structures at large deformations. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Fins from ray-finned fishes do not contain muscles, yet fish can change the shape of their fins with high precision and speed, while producing large hydrodynamics forces without collapsing. Experiments have so far focused on homogenized properties, and models were developed only for small deformations and small rotations providing limited insight into the rich nonlinear mechanics of natural rays. We present micromechanical tests in both morphing and flexural deflection mode on individual rays, a nonlinear model of the ray that captures the mechanical behavior of rays under large deformations and combine microCT measurements to generate new insights into the nonlinear mechanics of rays. These insights can serve as new guidelines for the design of efficient bioinspired stiff morphing materials and structures at large deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 427 UCB, 1111 Engineering Dr, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Florent Hannard
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Francois Barthelat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 427 UCB, 1111 Engineering Dr, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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Han S, Lezaack MB, Pyka G, Netto N, Simar A, Wahab MA, Hannard F. On the Competition between Intergranular and Transgranular Failure within 7xxx Al Alloys with Tailored Microstructures. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16103770. [PMID: 37241397 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
7xxx aluminium series reach exceptional strength compared to other industrial aluminium alloys. However, 7xxx aluminium series usually exhibit Precipitate-Free Zones (PFZs) along grain boundaries, which favour intergranular fracture and low ductility. In this study, the competition between intergranular and transgranular fracture is experimentally investigated in the 7075 Al alloy. This is of critical importance since it directly affects the formability and crashworthiness of thin Al sheets. Using Friction Stir Processing (FSP), microstructures with similar hardening precipitates and PFZs, but with very different grain structures and intermetallic (IM) particle size distribution, were generated and studied. Experimental results showed that the effect of microstructure on the failure mode was significantly different for tensile ductility compared to bending formability. While the tensile ductility was significantly improved for the microstructure with equiaxed grains and smaller IM particles (compared to elongated grains and larger particles), the opposite trend was observed in terms of formability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutao Han
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Soete Laboratory, Department of Electrical Energy, Metals, Mechanical Constructions and Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu B Lezaack
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Grzegorz Pyka
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nelson Netto
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Aude Simar
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Magd Abdel Wahab
- Soete Laboratory, Department of Electrical Energy, Metals, Mechanical Constructions and Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Florent Hannard
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Hannard F, Mirkhalaf M, Ameri A, Barthelat F. Segmentations in fins enable large morphing amplitudes combined with high flexural stiffness for fish-inspired robotic materials. Sci Robot 2021; 6:6/57/eabf9710. [PMID: 34380757 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abf9710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fish fins do not contain muscles, yet fish can change their shape with high precision and speed to produce large and complex hydrodynamic forces-a combination of high morphing efficiency and high flexural stiffness that is rare in modern morphing and robotic materials. These "flexo-morphing" capabilities are rare in modern morphing and robotic materials. The thin rays that stiffen the fins and transmit actuation include mineral segments, a prominent feature whose mechanics and function are not fully understood. Here, we use mechanical modeling and mechanical testing on 3D-printed ray models to show that the function of the segmentation is to provide combinations of high flexural stiffness and high morphing amplitude that are critical to the performance of the fins and would not be possible with rays made of a continuous material. Fish fin-inspired designs that combine very soft materials and very stiff segments can provide robotic materials with large morphing amplitudes and strong grasping forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Hannard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada.,Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Mirkhalaf
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada.,School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Abtin Ameri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Francois Barthelat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, 427 UCB, 1111 Engineering Dr, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Abstract
Glass has outstanding optical properties, hardness, and durability, but its applications are limited by its inherent brittleness and poor impact resistance. Lamination and tempering can improve impact response but do not suppress brittleness. We propose a bioinspired laminated glass that duplicates the three-dimensional "brick-and-mortar" arrangement of nacre from mollusk shells, with periodic three-dimensional architectures and interlayers made of a transparent thermoplastic elastomer. This material reproduces the "tablet sliding mechanism," which is key to the toughness of natural nacre but has been largely absent in synthetic nacres. Tablet sliding generates nonlinear deformations over large volumes and significantly improves toughness. This nacre-like glass is also two to three times more impact resistant than laminated glass and tempered glass while maintaining high strength and stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - F Hannard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - F Barthelat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada.
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