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Alessandro F, Macedonio F, Drioli E. Plasmonic Phenomena in Membrane Distillation. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:254. [PMID: 36984641 PMCID: PMC10058825 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity raises important concerns with respect to human sustainability and the preservation of important ecosystem functions. To satisfy water requirements, seawater desalination represents one of the most sustainable solutions. In recent decades, membrane distillation has emerged as a promising thermal desalination process that may help to overcome the drawbacks of traditional desalination processes. Nevertheless, in membrane distillation, the temperature at the feed membrane interface is significantly lower than that of the bulk feed water, due to the latent heat flux associated with water evaporation. This phenomenon, known as temperature polarization, in membrane distillation is a crucial issue that could be responsible for a decay of about 50% in the initial transmembrane water flux. The use of plasmonic nanostructures, acting as thermal hotspots in the conventional membranes, may improve the performance of membrane distillation units by reducing or eliminating the temperature polarization problem. Furthermore, an efficient conversion of light into heat offers new opportunities for the use of solar energy in membrane distillation. This work summarizes recent developments in the field of plasmonic-enhanced solar evaporation with a particular focus on solar-driven membrane distillation applications and its potential prospects.
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Alharthi MS, Bamaga O, Abulkhair H, Organji H, Shaiban A, Macedonio F, Criscuoli A, Drioli E, Wang Z, Cui Z, Jin W, Albeirutty M. Evaluation of a Hybrid Moving Bed Biofilm Membrane Bioreactor and a Direct Contact Membrane Distillation System for Purification of Industrial Wastewater. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 13:16. [PMID: 36676823 PMCID: PMC9863120 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Integrated wastewater treatment processes are accepted as the best option for sustainable and unrestricted onsite water reuse. In this study, moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), membrane bioreactor (MBR), and direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) treatment steps were integrated successively to obtain the combined advantages of these processes for industrial wastewater treatment. The MBBR step acts as the first step in the biological treatment and also mitigates foulant load on the MBR. Similarly, MBR acts as the second step in the biological treatment and serves as a pretreatment prior to the DCMD step. The latter acts as a final treatment to produce high-quality water. A laboratory scale integrated MBBR/MBR/DCMD experimental system was used for assessing the treatment efficiency of primary treated (PTIWW) and secondary treated (STIWW) industrial wastewater in terms of permeate water flux, effluent quality, and membrane fouling. The removal efficiency of total dissolved solids (TDS) and effluent permeate flux of the three-step process (MBBR/MBR/DCMD) were better than the two-step (MBR/DCMD) process. In the three-step process, the average removal efficiency of TDS was 99.85% and 98.16% when treating STIWW and PTIWW, respectively. While in the case of the two-step process, the average removal efficiency of TDS was 93.83% when treating STIWW. Similar trends were observed for effluent permeate flux values which were found, in the case of the three-step process, 62.6% higher than the two-step process, when treating STIWW in both cases. Moreover, the comparison of the quality of the effluents obtained with the analysed configurations with that obtained by Jeddah Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant proved the higher performance of the proposed membrane processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh S. Alharthi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Bamaga
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Abulkhair
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam Organji
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Shaiban
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francesca Macedonio
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Alessandra Criscuoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Enrico Drioli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhaoliang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wanqin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Mohammed Albeirutty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Frappa M, Castillo AEDR, Macedonio F, Luca GD, Drioli E, Gugliuzza A. Exfoliated Bi 2Te 3-enabled membranes for new concept water desalination: Freshwater production meets new routes. Water Res 2021; 203:117503. [PMID: 34388495 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity forces the science to find the most environmentally friendly propulsion technology for supplying plentiful freshwater at low energy costs. Membrane Distillation well meets criteria of eco-friendly management of natural resources, but it is not yet competitive on scale. Herein, we use a dichalchogenide compound (Bi2Te3) as a conceivable source to accelerate the redesign of advanced membranes technologies such as thermally driven membrane distillation. A procedure based on assisted dispersant liquid phase exfoliation is used to fill PVDF membranes. Key insights are gained in the crucial role of this topological material confined in hydrophobic membranes dedicated to recovery of freshwater from synthetic seawater. Intensified water flux together with reduced energy consumption is obtained into one pot, thereby gathering ultrafast production and thermal efficiency in a single device. Bi2Te3-enabled membranes show ability to reduce the resistance to mass transfer while high resistance to heat loss is opposite. Permeate flux is kept stable and salt rejection is higher than 99.99% during 23 h-MD test. Our results confirm the effectiveness of chalcogenides as frontier materials for new-concept water desalination through breakthrough thermally-driven membrane distillation, which is regarded as a new low-energy and sustainable solution to address the growing demand for access to freshwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Frappa
- Research Institute on Membrane Technology-National Research Council (CNR-ITM), Via Pietro Bucci 17C, Rende CS 87036, Italy
| | - A E Del Rio Castillo
- Graphene Labs, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Via Morego 3016163, Italy
| | - F Macedonio
- Research Institute on Membrane Technology-National Research Council (CNR-ITM), Via Pietro Bucci 17C, Rende CS 87036, Italy
| | - G Di Luca
- Research Institute on Membrane Technology-National Research Council (CNR-ITM), Via Pietro Bucci 17C, Rende CS 87036, Italy
| | - E Drioli
- Research Institute on Membrane Technology-National Research Council (CNR-ITM), Via Pietro Bucci 17C, Rende CS 87036, Italy; Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Rende, CS 87036, Italy
| | - A Gugliuzza
- Research Institute on Membrane Technology-National Research Council (CNR-ITM), Via Pietro Bucci 17C, Rende CS 87036, Italy.
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Frappa M, Macedonio F, Gugliuzza A, Jin W, Drioli E. Performance of PVDF Based Membranes with 2D Materials for Membrane Assisted-Crystallization Process. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:302. [PMID: 33919213 PMCID: PMC8143142 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Membrane crystallization (MCr) is a promising and innovative process for the recovery of freshwater from seawater and for the production of salt crystals from the brine streams of desalination plants. In the present work, composite polymeric membranes for membrane crystallization were fabricated using graphene and bismuth telluride inks prepared according to the wet-jet milling (WJM) technology. A comparison between PVDF-based membranes containing a few layers of graphene or bismuth telluride and PVDF-pristine membranes was carried out. Among the 2D composite membranes, PVDF with bismuth telluride at higher concentration (7%) exhibited the highest flux (about 3.9 L∙m-2h-1, in MCr experiments performed with 5 M NaCl solution as feed, and at a temperature of 34 ± 0.2 °C at the feed side and 11 ± 0.2 °C at the permeate side). The confinement of graphene and bismuth telluride in PVDF membranes produced more uniform NaCl crystals with respect to the pristine PVDF membrane, especially in the case of few-layer graphene. All the membranes showed rejection equal to or higher than 99.9% (up to 99.99% in the case of the membrane with graphene). The high rejection together with the good trans-membrane flux confirmed the interesting performance of the process, without any wetting phenomena, at least during the performed crystallization tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Frappa
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), via Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.F.); (E.D.)
| | - Francesca Macedonio
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), via Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.F.); (E.D.)
| | - Annarosa Gugliuzza
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), via Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.F.); (E.D.)
| | - Wanqin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhou Road (S), Nanjing 211816, China;
| | - Enrico Drioli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), via Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.F.); (E.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhou Road (S), Nanjing 211816, China;
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, via Bucci Cubo 44A, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Ghorbani A, Bayati B, Drioli E, Macedonio F, Kikhavani T, Frappa M. Modeling of Nanofiltration Process Using DSPM-DE Model for Purification of Amine Solution. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:230. [PMID: 33805230 PMCID: PMC8064396 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The formation of heat stable salts (HSS) during the natural gas sweetening process by amine solvent causes many problems such as corrosion, foaming, capacity reduction, and amine loss. A modeling study was carried out for the removal of HSS ions from amine solution using nanofiltration (NF) membrane process that ensures the reuse of amine solution for gas sweetening. This model studies the physics of the nanofiltration process by adjusting and investigating pore radius, the effects of membrane charge, and other membrane characteristics. In this paper, the performance of the ternary ions was investigated during the removal process from methyl di-ethanol amine solution by the nanofiltration membrane process. Correlation between feed concentration and permeate concentration, using experimental results with mathematical correlation as Ci,p = f (Ci,f) was used in modeling. The results showed that the calculated data from the model provided a good agreement with experimental results (R2 = 0.90-0.75). Also, the effect of operating conditions (including feed pressure and feed flow rate on ions rejection and recovery ratio across the flat-sheet membrane) was studied. The results showed that the recovery and rejection ratios of the NF membrane depend on the driving pressure across the membrane. While the driving pressure is affected by the feed flow conditions and feed pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ghorbani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ilam University, Ilam 69315-516, Iran; (A.G.); (T.K.)
| | - Behrouz Bayati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ilam University, Ilam 69315-516, Iran; (A.G.); (T.K.)
| | - Enrico Drioli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, 17/C, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (M.F.)
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci 45/A, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesca Macedonio
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, 17/C, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Tavan Kikhavani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ilam University, Ilam 69315-516, Iran; (A.G.); (T.K.)
| | - Mirko Frappa
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, 17/C, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (M.F.)
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Frappa M, Del Rio Castillo AE, Macedonio F, Politano A, Drioli E, Bonaccorso F, Pellegrini V, Gugliuzza A. A few-layer graphene for advanced composite PVDF membranes dedicated to water desalination: a comparative study. Nanoscale Adv 2020; 2:4728-4739. [PMID: 36132930 PMCID: PMC9417500 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00403k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Membrane distillation is envisaged to be a promising best practice to recover freshwater from seawater with the prospect of building low energy-consuming devices powered by natural and renewable energy sources in remote and less accessible areas. Moreover, there is an additional benefit of integrating this green technology with other well-established operations dedicated to desalination. Today, the development of membrane distillation depends on the productivity-efficiency ratio on a large scale. Despite hydrophobic commercial membranes being widely used, no membrane with suitable morphological and chemical feature is readily available in the market. Thus, there is a real need to identify best practices for developing new efficient membranes for more productive and eco-sustainable membrane distillation devices. Here, we propose engineered few-layer graphene membranes, showing enhanced trans-membrane fluxes and total barrier action against NaCl ions. The obtained performances are linked with filling polymeric membranes with few-layer graphene of 490 nm in lateral size, produced by the wet-jet milling technology. The experimental evidence, together with comparative analyses, confirmed that the use of more largely sized few-layer graphene leads to superior productivity related efficiency trade-off for the membrane distillation process. Herein, it was demonstrated that the quality of exfoliation is a crucial factor for addressing the few-layer graphene supporting the separation capability of the host membranes designed for water desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Frappa
- Institute on Membrane Technology-National Research Council (CNR-ITM) Via Pietro Bucci 17C Rende (CS) 87036 Italy
| | - A E Del Rio Castillo
- Graphene Labs, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 3016163 Genova Italy
| | - F Macedonio
- Institute on Membrane Technology-National Research Council (CNR-ITM) Via Pietro Bucci 17C Rende (CS) 87036 Italy
| | - A Politano
- Graphene Labs, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 3016163 Genova Italy
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila Via Vetoio 67100 L'Aquila AQ Italy
| | - E Drioli
- Institute on Membrane Technology-National Research Council (CNR-ITM) Via Pietro Bucci 17C Rende (CS) 87036 Italy
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria Via P. Bucci 87036 Rende CS Italy
| | - F Bonaccorso
- Graphene Labs, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 3016163 Genova Italy
- Bedimensional s.p.a Via Albisola 121 16163 Genova Italy
| | - V Pellegrini
- Graphene Labs, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 3016163 Genova Italy
- Bedimensional s.p.a Via Albisola 121 16163 Genova Italy
| | - A Gugliuzza
- Institute on Membrane Technology-National Research Council (CNR-ITM) Via Pietro Bucci 17C Rende (CS) 87036 Italy
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Cui Z, Pan J, Wang Z, Frappa M, Drioli E, Macedonio F. Hyflon/PVDF membranes prepared by NIPS and TIPS: Comparison in MD performance. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tocci
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87030 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Carmen Rizzuto
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87030 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Francesca Macedonio
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87030 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Enrico Drioli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87030 Rende (CS), Italy
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 44, 87030 Rende (CS), Italy
- Engineering Research Center for Special Separation Membrane, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
- WCU Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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Perrotta ML, Macedonio F, Giorno L, Jin W, Drioli E, Gugliuzza A, Tocci E. Molecular insights on NaCl crystal formation approaching PVDF membranes functionalized with graphene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:7817-7827. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00928h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atomistic simulations of graphene–PVDF membranes speeding up NaCl crystal nucleation and growth in comparison to the pristine PVDF membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Perrotta
- National Research Council-Institute on Membrane Technology
- ITM-CNR
- 87036 Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - Francesca Macedonio
- National Research Council-Institute on Membrane Technology
- ITM-CNR
- 87036 Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - Lidietta Giorno
- National Research Council-Institute on Membrane Technology
- ITM-CNR
- 87036 Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - Wanqin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Enrico Drioli
- National Research Council-Institute on Membrane Technology
- ITM-CNR
- 87036 Rende (CS)
- Italy
- Engineering Research Center for Special Separation Membrane
| | - Annarosa Gugliuzza
- National Research Council-Institute on Membrane Technology
- ITM-CNR
- 87036 Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - Elena Tocci
- National Research Council-Institute on Membrane Technology
- ITM-CNR
- 87036 Rende (CS)
- Italy
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Gontarek E, Macedonio F, Militano F, Giorno L, Lieder M, Politano A, Drioli E, Gugliuzza A. Adsorption-assisted transport of water vapour in super-hydrophobic membranes filled with multilayer graphene platelets. Nanoscale 2019; 11:11521-11529. [PMID: 31086934 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02581b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The effects of confinement of multilayer graphene platelets in hydrophobic microporous polymeric membranes are here examined. Intermolecular interactions between water vapour molecules and nanocomposite membranes are envisaged to originate assisted transport of water vapour in membrane distillation processes when a suitable filler-polymer ratio is reached. Mass transport coefficients are estimated under different working conditions, suggesting a strong dependence of the transport on molecular interactions. Remarkably, no thermal polarization is observed, although the filler exhibits ultrahigh thermal conductivity. In contrast, enhanced resistance to wetting as well as outstanding mechanical and chemical stability meets the basic requirements of water purification via membrane distillation. As a result, a significant improvement of the productivity-efficiency trade-off is achieved with respect to the pristine polymeric membrane when low amounts of platelets are confined in spherulitic-like PVDF networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gontarek
- Research Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, Via Pietro Bucci 17/C, I-87030 Rende, Italy.
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Drioli E, Drioli E, Tocci E, Macedonio F, Tocci E, Macedonio F. Membrane Science and Membrane Engineering: a Successful Story. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.21127/yaoyigc20180027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Quist-Jensen CA, Ali A, Drioli E, Macedonio F. Perspectives on mining from sea and other alternative strategies for minerals and water recovery – The development of novel membrane operations. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Conidi C, Macedonio F, Ali A, Cassano A, Criscuoli A, Argurio P, Drioli E. Treatment of Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater by an Integrated Membrane-Based Process for Approaching Zero Liquid Discharge. Membranes (Basel) 2018; 8:E117. [PMID: 30486319 PMCID: PMC6315750 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8040117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An integrated membrane process for the treatment of wastewaters from a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) plant was implemented on a laboratory scale to reduce their salt content and to produce a water stream to be recycled in the power industry. The process is based on a preliminary pretreatment of FGD wastewaters, which includes chemical softening and ultrafiltration (UF) to remove Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions as well as organic compounds. The pretreated wastewaters were submitted to a reverse osmosis (RO) step to separate salts from water. The RO retentate was finally submitted to a membrane distillation (MD) step to extract more water, thus increasing the total water recovery factor while producing a high-purity permeate stream. The performance of RO and MD membranes was evaluated by calculating salts rejection, permeate flux, fouling index, and water recovery. The investigated integrated system allowed a total recovery factor of about 94% to be reached, with a consequent reduction of the volume of FGD wastewater to be disposed, and an MD permeate stream with an electrical conductivity of 80 μS/cm, able to be reused in the power plant, with a saving in fresh water demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Conidi
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, 17/C, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Francesca Macedonio
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, 17/C, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 44/A, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Aamer Ali
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, 17/C, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Alfredo Cassano
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, 17/C, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Alessandra Criscuoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, 17/C, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Pietro Argurio
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 44/A, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Enrico Drioli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, 17/C, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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Fadhil S, Alsalhy QF, Makki HF, Ruby-Figueroa R, Marino T, Criscuoli A, Macedonio F, Giorno L, Drioli E, Figoli A. Seawater desalination using PVDF-HFP membrane in DCMD process: assessment of operating condition by response surface method. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2018.1483349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sufyan Fadhil
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Qusay F. Alsalhy
- Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hassan F. Makki
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - René Ruby-Figueroa
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Rende (CS), Italy
| | | | - Francesca Macedonio
- Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Lidietta Giorno
- Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Enrico Drioli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Alberto Figoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Rende (CS), Italy
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Tsai JH, Macedonio F, Drioli E, Giorno L, Chou CY, Hu FC, Li CL, Chuang CJ, Tung KL. Membrane-based zero liquid discharge: Myth or reality? J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ali A, Quist-Jensen CA, Macedonio F, Drioli E. Application of Membrane Crystallization for Minerals' Recovery from Produced Water. Membranes (Basel) 2015; 5:772-92. [PMID: 26610581 PMCID: PMC4704011 DOI: 10.3390/membranes5040772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Produced water represents the largest wastewater stream from oil and gas production. Generally, its high salinity level restricts the treatment options. Membrane crystallization (MCr) is an emerging membrane process with the capability to extract simultaneously fresh water and valuable components from various streams. In the current study, the potential of MCr for produced water treatment and salt recovery was demonstrated. The experiments were carried out in lab scale and semi-pilot scale. The effect of thermal and hydrodynamic conditions on process performance and crystal characteristics were explored. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed that the recovered crystals are sodium chloride with very high purity (>99.9%), also indicated by the cubic structure observed by microscopy and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) analysis. It was demonstrated experimentally that at recovery factor of 37%, 16.4 kg NaCl per cubic meter of produced water can be recovered. Anti-scaling surface morphological features of membranes were also identified. In general, the study provides a new perspective of isolation of valuable constituents from produced water that, otherwise, is considered as a nuisance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamer Ali
- National Research Council—Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM–CNR), Via Pietro BUCCI, c/o University of Calabria, cubo 17C, Rende 87036, Italy; E-Mails: (A.A.); (C.A.Q.-J.); (E.D.)
| | - Cejna Anna Quist-Jensen
- National Research Council—Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM–CNR), Via Pietro BUCCI, c/o University of Calabria, cubo 17C, Rende 87036, Italy; E-Mails: (A.A.); (C.A.Q.-J.); (E.D.)
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Francesca Macedonio
- National Research Council—Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM–CNR), Via Pietro BUCCI, c/o University of Calabria, cubo 17C, Rende 87036, Italy; E-Mails: (A.A.); (C.A.Q.-J.); (E.D.)
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: or ; Tel.: +39-0984-492012
| | - Enrico Drioli
- National Research Council—Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM–CNR), Via Pietro BUCCI, c/o University of Calabria, cubo 17C, Rende 87036, Italy; E-Mails: (A.A.); (C.A.Q.-J.); (E.D.)
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
- WCU Energy Engineering Department, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University (KAU–CEDT), Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Drioli E, Santoro S, Simone S, Barbieri G, Brunetti A, Macedonio F, Figoli A. ECTFE membrane preparation for recovery of humidified gas streams using membrane condenser. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Macedonio F, Ali A, Poerio T, El-Sayed E, Drioli E, Abdel-Jawad M. Direct contact membrane distillation for treatment of oilfield produced water. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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22
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Drioli E, Ali A, Simone S, Macedonio F, AL-Jlil S, Al Shabonah F, Al-Romaih H, Al-Harbi O, Figoli A, Criscuoli A. Novel PVDF hollow fiber membranes for vacuum and direct contact membrane distillation applications. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Macedonio F, Brunetti A, Barbieri G, Drioli E. Membrane Condenser as a New Technology for Water Recovery from Humidified “Waste” Gaseous Streams. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie203031b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Macedonio
- Institute on Membrane Technology
(ITM-CNR), National Research Council, c/o The University of Calabria, Cubo 17C, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende
CS, Italy
- Department of
Chemical Engineering
and Materials, The University of Calabria, Cubo 44A, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende CS, Italy
| | - Adele Brunetti
- Institute on Membrane Technology
(ITM-CNR), National Research Council, c/o The University of Calabria, Cubo 17C, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende
CS, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barbieri
- Institute on Membrane Technology
(ITM-CNR), National Research Council, c/o The University of Calabria, Cubo 17C, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende
CS, Italy
| | - Enrico Drioli
- Institute on Membrane Technology
(ITM-CNR), National Research Council, c/o The University of Calabria, Cubo 17C, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende
CS, Italy
- Department of
Chemical Engineering
and Materials, The University of Calabria, Cubo 44A, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende CS, Italy
- WCU Energy Engineering Department, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, South
Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Drioli
- Institute on Membrane Technology,
National Research Council of Italy, ITM-CNR c/o University of Calabria, via P. Bucci cubo 17/C, Rende (CS), Italy
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials, University of Calabria,
via P. Bucci, Rende (CS), Italy
- WCU Energy Engineering Department, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, S. Korea
| | - Francesca Macedonio
- Institute on Membrane Technology,
National Research Council of Italy, ITM-CNR c/o University of Calabria, via P. Bucci cubo 17/C, Rende (CS), Italy
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials, University of Calabria,
via P. Bucci, Rende (CS), Italy
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Gugliuzza A, Aceto MC, Macedonio F, Drioli E. Water Droplets as Template for Next-Generation Self-Assembled Poly-(etheretherketone) with Cardo Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:10483-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jp802130u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annarosa Gugliuzza
- Research Institute on Membrane Technology-National Research Council (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci, Cubo 17C, I-87030 Rende (CS), Italy, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 45A,I-87030 Rende, Italy
| | - Marianna Carmela Aceto
- Research Institute on Membrane Technology-National Research Council (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci, Cubo 17C, I-87030 Rende (CS), Italy, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 45A,I-87030 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Macedonio
- Research Institute on Membrane Technology-National Research Council (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci, Cubo 17C, I-87030 Rende (CS), Italy, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 45A,I-87030 Rende, Italy
| | - Enrico Drioli
- Research Institute on Membrane Technology-National Research Council (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci, Cubo 17C, I-87030 Rende (CS), Italy, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci 45A,I-87030 Rende, Italy
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Drioli E, Curcio E, Di Profio G, Macedonio F, Criscuoli A. Integrating Membrane Contactors Technology and Pressure-Driven Membrane Operations for Seawater Desalination. Chem Eng Res Des 2006. [DOI: 10.1205/cherd.05171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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