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Kurtz ML, Orona NS, Lezón C, Defosse VC, Astort F, Maglione GA, Boyer PM, Tasat DR. Decreased immune response in undernourished rats after air pollution exposure. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 107:104400. [PMID: 38408716 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Children are highly vulnerable subpopulation to malnutrition and air pollution. We investigate, in a rat nutritional growth retardation (NGR) model, the impact of Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA) on the lung immune response using in vitro and ex vivo methods. In vitro: Alveolar macrophages (AM) were isolated from Control (C) and NGR animals, cultured and treated with ROFA (1-100 µg/ml) for 24 h. Ex vivo: C and NGR rats were intranasally instilled with ROFA (1 mg/kg BW) or PBS. 24 h post-exposure AM were isolated and cultured. ROFA-treatment increased superoxide anion production and TNFα secretion in C-AM in vitro, though for NGR-AM this response was lower. A similar pattern was observed for TNFα and IL-6 secretion in ex vivo experiments. Regarding the antioxidant response, although NGR-AM showed increased Nrf2, after ROFA instillation an attenuated activation was observed. To conclude, chronic undernutrition altered AM response to ROFA affecting immune responsiveness to air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Lidia Kurtz
- Laboratorio de Bio-Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Tecnologías Emergentes y Ciencias Aplicadas, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Nadia Soledad Orona
- Laboratorio de Bio-Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Tecnologías Emergentes y Ciencias Aplicadas, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christian Lezón
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Cecilia Defosse
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Astort
- Laboratorio de Bio-Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Tecnologías Emergentes y Ciencias Aplicadas, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Alberto Maglione
- Laboratorio de Bio-Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Tecnologías Emergentes y Ciencias Aplicadas, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Mónica Boyer
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah Ruth Tasat
- Laboratorio de Bio-Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Tecnologías Emergentes y Ciencias Aplicadas, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Maglione GA, Kurtz ML, Orona NS, Astort F, Brites F, Morales C, Berra A, Tasat DR. Changes in extrapulmonary organs and serum enzyme biomarkers after chronic exposure to Buenos Aires air pollution. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:14529-14542. [PMID: 32048188 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Urban air pollution is a serious environmental problem in developing countries worldwide, and health is a pressing issue in the megacities in Latin America. Buenos Aires is a megacity with an estimated moderate Air Quality Index ranging from 42 to 74 μg/m3. Exposure to Urban Air Particles from Buenos Aires (UAP-BA) induces morphological and physiological respiratory alterations; nevertheless, no studies on extrapulmonary organs have been performed. The aim of the present study was to explore the health effects of chronic exposure to UAP-BA (1, 6, 9, and 12 months) on the liver, heart, and serum risk biomarkers. BALB/c mice were exposed to UAP-BA or filtered air (FA) in inhalation chambers, and liver and heart histopathology, oxidative metabolism (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; lipoperoxidation, TBARS), amino transaminases (AST, ALT) as serum risk biomarkers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), paraxonase-1 (PON-1), and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) were evaluated. Chronic exposure to real levels of UAP in Buenos Aires led to alterations in extrapulmonary organs associated with inflammation and oxidative imbalance and to changes in liver and heart risk biomarkers. Our results may reflect the impact of the persistent air pollution in Buenos Aires on individuals living in this Latin American megacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Alberto Maglione
- Center for the Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Melisa Lidia Kurtz
- Center for the Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Research Council (CONICET), Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia Soledad Orona
- Center for the Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Research Council (CONICET), Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Astort
- Center for the Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Research Council (CONICET), Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Brites
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Berra
- National Research Council (CONICET), Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Ocular Investigation Laboratory, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah Ruth Tasat
- Center for the Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Orona NS, Astort F, Maglione GA, Ferraro SA, Martin M, Morales C, Mandalunis PM, Brites F, Tasat DR. Hazardous effects of urban air particulate matter acute exposure on lung and extrapulmonary organs in mice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 190:110120. [PMID: 31896475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Air particulate matter (PM) can lead to extrapulmonary adverse reactions in organs such as liver and heart either by particle translocation from the lung to the systemic circulation or by the release of lung mediators. Young BALB/c mice were intranasal instilled with 1mg/BW of Urban Air Particles from Buenos Aires or Residual Oil Fly Ash. Histopathology, oxidative metabolism and inflammation on lungs and extrapulmonary organs and the systemic response were evaluated. Lung histophatological analysis supported the rise in the number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage from PM-exposed animals. Also, both PM caused recruitment of inflammatory cells in the liver and heart parenchyma and IL-6 and transaminases augmentation in serum. We have shown that despite morphochemical differences, both urban air PM altered the lung and extrapulmonary organs. Therefore, exposure to urban air PM may distress body metabolism which, in turn could lead to the development and progression of multifactorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia S Orona
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Francisco Astort
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Maglione
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastian A Ferraro
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Martin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Depto. Bioquímica Clínica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia M Mandalunis
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Brites
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Depto. Bioquímica Clínica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah R Tasat
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Maglione GA, Kurtz ML, Orona NS, Astort F, Busso IT, Mandalunis PM, Berra A, Tasat DR. Chronic exposure to urban air pollution from Buenos Aires: the ocular mucosa as an early biomarker. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:27444-27456. [PMID: 31327144 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05966-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution represents a major health problem in megacities, bringing about 8 million deaths every year. The aim of the study was to evaluate in vivo the ocular and respiratory mucosa biological response after chronic exposure to urban air particles from Buenos Aires (UAP-BA). BALB/c mice were exposed to UAP-BA or filtered air for 1, 6, 9, and 12 months. After exposure, histology, histomorphometry, and IL-6 proinflammatory cytokine level were evaluated in the respiratory and ocular mucosa. Total cell number and differential cell count were determined in the brochoalveolar lavage fluid. In the lung, chronic exposure to UAP-BA induced reduction of the alveolar space, polymorhonuclear cell recruitment, and goblet cell hyperplasia. In the ocular surface, UAP-BA induced an initial mucin positive cells rise followed by a decline through time, while IL-6 level increased at the latest point-time assayed. Our results showed that the respiratory and the ocular mucosas respond differently to UAP-BA. Being that lung and ocular mucosa diseases may be triggered and/or exacerbated by chronic exposure to urban air PM, the inhabitants of Buenos Aires whom are chronically exposed to environmental urban air pollution may be considered a subpopulation at risk. Based on our results, we propose the ocular mucosa as a reliable and more accessible surrogate for pulmonary mucosa environmental toxicity that might also serve as an earlier biomarker for air pollution adverse impact on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo A Maglione
- Center for the Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of San Martin, Martín de Irigoyen 3100, 1653, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142, C1122AAH, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melisa L Kurtz
- Center for the Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of San Martin, Martín de Irigoyen 3100, 1653, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- National Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Nadia S Orona
- Center for the Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of San Martin, Martín de Irigoyen 3100, 1653, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Astort
- Center for the Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of San Martin, Martín de Irigoyen 3100, 1653, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iván Tavera Busso
- National Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Plant Biology, National University of Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC, Córdoba City, Argentina
| | - Patricia M Mandalunis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142, C1122AAH, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Berra
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah R Tasat
- Center for the Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of San Martin, Martín de Irigoyen 3100, 1653, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142, C1122AAH, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kurtz ML, Astort F, Lezon C, Ferraro SA, Maglione GA, Orona NS, Friedman SM, Boyer PM, Tasat DR. Oxidative stress response to air particle pollution in a rat nutritional growth retardation model. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2018; 81:1028-1040. [PMID: 30239279 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1519747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution consisting of gases and particulate matter-(PM) represents a health problem in cities worldwide. However, air pollution does not impact equally all individuals, as children appear to be more vulnerable subpopulations. Air pollution and malnutrition are two distinct factors that have been associated with oxidative damage. Therefore, the interaction between environmental exposure and nutritional status in populations at risk needs to be explored. The aim of this study was to examine oxidative metabolism in lung, heart and liver in malnourished young rats exposed to residual oil fly ash (ROFA). A Nutritional Growth Retardation (NGR) model was developed in weanling male rats placed on a 20% restricted balanced diet for 4 weeks. Then, NGR and control rats were intranasally instilled with either ROFA (1mg/kg BW) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Twenty-four hr post-exposure lung, heart and liver were excised, and serum collected. ROFA induced lung and liver inflammation in control and NGR animals as evidenced by lung polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment and alveolar space reduction accompanied by liver lymphocyte and binucleated hepatocyte level increase. In lung and liver, antioxidant defense mechanisms reduced lipoperoxidation. In contrast, only in NGR animals did ROFA exposure alter heart oxidative metabolism leading to lipid peroxidation. Although histological and biochemical tissue alterations were detected, no marked changes in serum liver and heart systemic biomarkers were observed. In conclusion, NGR animals responded differently to PM exposure than controls suggesting that nutritional status plays a key role in responsiveness to ambient air contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa L Kurtz
- a Center for The Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology , National University of San Martín , San Martín , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- b Committee for Scientific Research , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Francisco Astort
- a Center for The Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology , National University of San Martín , San Martín , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- b Committee for Scientific Research , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Christian Lezon
- c Department of Physiology , School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Sebastián A Ferraro
- a Center for The Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology , National University of San Martín , San Martín , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- b Committee for Scientific Research , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Maglione
- a Center for The Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology , National University of San Martín , San Martín , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- d Department of Histology and Embryology , School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Nadia S Orona
- a Center for The Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology , National University of San Martín , San Martín , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- b Committee for Scientific Research , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Silvia M Friedman
- e Department of General and Oral Biochemistry , School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Patricia M Boyer
- c Department of Physiology , School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Deborah R Tasat
- a Center for The Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology , National University of San Martín , San Martín , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- d Department of Histology and Embryology , School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Astort F, Repetto EM, Rocha-Viegas L, Mercau ME, Puch SS, Finkielstein CV, Pecci A, Cymeryng CB. Role of CREB on heme oxygenase-1 induction in adrenal cells: involvement of the PI3K pathway. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 57:113-24. [PMID: 27412767 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the well-known function of ACTH as the main regulator of adrenal steroidogenesis, we have previously demonstrated its effect on the transcriptional stimulation of HO-1 expression, a component of the cellular antioxidant defense system. In agreement, we hereby demonstrate that, in adrenocortical Y1 cells, HO-1 induction correlates with a significant prevention of the generation of reactive oxygen species induced by H2O2/Fe(2+) ACTH/cAMP-dependent activation of redox-imbalanced related factors such as NRF2 or NFκB and the participation of MAPKs in this mechanism was, however, discarded based on results with specific inhibitors and reporter plasmids. We suggest the involvement of CREB in HO-1 induction by ACTH/cAMP, as transfection of cells with a dominant-negative isoform of CREB (DN-CREB-M1) decreased, while overexpression of CREB increased HO-1 protein levels. Sequence screening of the murine HO-1 promoter revealed CRE-like sites located at -146 and -37 of the transcription start site and ChIP studies indicated that this region recruits phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) upon cAMP stimulation in Y1 cells. In agreement, H89 (PKA inhibitor) or cotransfection with DN-CREB-M1 prevented the 8Br-cAMP-dependent increase in luciferase activity in cells transfected with pHO-1[-295/+74].LUC. ACTH and cAMP treatment induced the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in a PKA-independent mechanism. Inhibition of this pathway prevented the cAMP-dependent increase in HO-1 protein levels and luciferase activity in cells transfected with pHO-1[-295/+74].LUC. Finally, here we show a crosstalk between the cAMP/PKA and PI3K pathways that affects the binding of p-CREB to its cognate element in the murine promoter of the Hmox1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Astort
- Departamento de Bioquímica HumanaFacultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CEFYBO-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E M Repetto
- Departamento de Bioquímica HumanaFacultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CEFYBO-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Rocha-Viegas
- Departamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IFIBYNE-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M E Mercau
- Departamento de Bioquímica HumanaFacultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CEFYBO-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Sanchez Puch
- Departamento de Bioquímica HumanaFacultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CEFYBO-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C V Finkielstein
- Integrated Cellular Responses LaboratoryDepartment of Biological Sciences, Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - A Pecci
- Departamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IFIBYNE-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C B Cymeryng
- Departamento de Bioquímica HumanaFacultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CEFYBO-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ferraro S, Astort F, Yakisich J, Tasat D. Particulate matter cytotoxicity in cultured SH-SY5Y cells is modulated by simvastatin: Toxicological assessment for oxidative damage. Neurotoxicology 2016; 53:108-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Orona NS, Ferraro SA, Astort F, Morales C, Brites F, Boero L, Tiscornia G, Maglione GA, Saldiva PHN, Yakisich S, Tasat DR. Acute exposure to Buenos Aires air particles (UAP-BA) induces local and systemic inflammatory response in middle-aged mice: A time course study. Environ Pollut 2016; 208:261-270. [PMID: 26255684 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbimortality. However, PM doesn't affect equally to all people, being the old cohort the most susceptible and studied. We hypothesized that another specific life phase, the middle-aged subpopulation, may be negatively affected. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze in vivo the acute biological impact of two environmental particles, Urban Air Particles from Buenos Aires and Residual Oil Fly Ash, on the cardiorespiratory system of middle-aged mice, evaluating oxidative metabolism and inflammation. Both PM provoked a local and systemic inflammatory response, leading to a reduced alveolar area in the lung, an epicard inflammation in the heart, an increment of IL-6, and a reduction on PON 1 activity in serum of middle-aged animals. The positive correlation of local parameters with systemic markers of oxidative stress and inflammation could be responsible for associations of cardiovascular morbimortality in this subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia S Orona
- Center for The Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Committee for Scientific Research, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sebastián A Ferraro
- Center for The Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Committee for Scientific Research, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Astort
- Center for The Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Brites
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Boero
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisela Tiscornia
- Center for The Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Maglione
- Center for The Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paulo H N Saldiva
- Experimental Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastian Yakisich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Deborah R Tasat
- Center for The Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sanchez R, Mercau ME, Repetto EM, Martinez Calejman C, Astort F, Perez MN, Arias P, Cymeryng CB. Crosstalk between nitric oxide synthases and cyclooxygenase 2 in the adrenal cortex of rats under lipopolysaccharide treatment. Endocrine 2014; 46:659-67. [PMID: 24272593 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The effect of lipopolysaccharide on the modulation of steroid production by adrenal cells has been recently acknowledged. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vivo effects of LPS on adrenal cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression, analyze its crosstalk with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) system, and assess its involvement on the modulation of glucocorticoid production. Male Wistar rats were injected with LPS and with specific inhibitors for NOS and COX activities. PGE2 and corticosterone levels were determined by RIA. Protein levels were analyzed by immunoprecipitation and western blotting. Transfection assays were performed in murine adrenocortical Y1 cells. Results show that LPS treatment increases PGE2 production and COX-2 protein levels in the rat adrenal cortex. Systemic inhibition of COX-2 blunted the glucocorticoid response to ACTH, as well as the increase in NOS activity and the NOS-2 expression levels induced by LPS. Conversely, NOS inhibition prevented the LPS-dependent increase in PGE2 production, COX-2 protein levels, and the nitrotyrosine modification of COX-2 protein. Treatment of adrenocortical cells with a NO-donor significantly potentiated the LPS-dependent increase in NFκB activity and COX-2 expression levels. In conclusion, our results show a significant crosstalk between COX-2 and NOS in the adrenal cortex upon LPS stimulation, in which each activity has a positive impact on the other. In particular, as both the activities differently affect adrenal steroid production, we hypothesize that this kind of fine modulation enables the gland to adjust steroidogenesis to prevent either an excessive or an insufficient response to the endotoxin challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Sanchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CEFYBO-CONICET, Paraguay 2155 5º, CP ABG1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Astort F, Sittner M, Ferraro SA, Orona NS, Maglione GA, De la Hoz A, Tasat DR. Pulmonary inflammation and cell death in mice after acute exposure to air particulate matter from an industrial region of Buenos Aires. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2014; 67:87-96. [PMID: 24327098 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-013-9975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that air particulate matter (PM) can increase respiratory morbidity and mortality being the lungs the main target organ to PM body entrance. Even more, several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that air PM has a wide toxicity spectra depending among other parameters, on its size, morphology, and chemical composition. The Reconquista River is the second most polluted river from Buenos Aires, and people living around its basin are constantly exposed to its contaminated water, soil and air. However, the air PM from the Reconquista River (RR-PMa) has not been characterized, and its biological impact on lung has yet not been assessed. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to study (1) RR-PMa morphochemical characteristic and (2) RR-PMa lung acute effects after intranasal instillation exposure through the analysis of three end points: oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. A single acute exposure of RR-PMa (1 mg/kg body weight) after 24 h caused significant (p < 0.05) enrichment in bronchoalveolar total cell number and polymorphonuclear (PNM) fraction, superoxide anion generation, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and induction of apoptosis. It was also observed that in lung homogenates, none of the antioxidant enzymes assayed showed differences between exposed RR-PMa and control mice. These data demonstrate that air PM from the Reconquista River induce lung oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death therefore represents a potential hazard to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Astort
- School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martín, Martín de Irigoyen 3100 (1653), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
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Mercau ME, Astort F, Giordanino EF, Martinez Calejman C, Sanchez R, Caldareri L, Repetto EM, Coso OA, Cymeryng CB. Involvement of PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK in the induction of COX-2 expression by bacterial lipopolysaccharide in murine adrenocortical cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 384:43-51. [PMID: 24424443 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated the involvement of COX-2 in the stimulation of steroid production by LPS in murine adrenocortical Y1 cells, as well as in the adrenal cortex of male Wistar rats. In this paper we analyzed signaling pathways involved in the induction of this key regulatory enzyme in adrenocortical cells and demonstrated that LPS triggers an increase in COX-2 mRNA levels by mechanisms involving the stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the activation of p38 MAPK and Akt, in addition to the previously demonstrated increase in NFκB activity. In this sense we showed that: (1) inhibition of p38 MAPK or PI3K/Akt (pharmacological or molecular) prevented the increase in COX-2 protein levels by LPS, (2) LPS induced p38 MAPK and Akt phosphorylation, (3) antioxidant treatment blocked the effect of LPS on p38 MAPK phosphorylation and in COX-2 protein levels, (4) PI3K inhibition with LY294002 prevented p38 MAPK phosphorylation and, (5) the activity of an NFκB reporter was decreased by p38 MAPK or PI3K inhibition. These results suggest that activation of both p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways promote the stimulation of NFκB activity and that PI3K/Akt activity might regulate both p38 MAPK and NFκB signaling pathways. In summary, in this study we showed that in adrenal cells, LPS induces COX-2 expression by activating p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and that both pathways converge in the modulation of NFκB transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Mercau
- Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CEFYBO/CONICET, Argentina
| | - F Astort
- Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CEFYBO/CONICET, Argentina
| | - E F Giordanino
- Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CEFYBO/CONICET, Argentina
| | - C Martinez Calejman
- Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CEFYBO/CONICET, Argentina
| | - R Sanchez
- Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CEFYBO/CONICET, Argentina
| | - L Caldareri
- Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CEFYBO/CONICET, Argentina
| | - E M Repetto
- Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CEFYBO/CONICET, Argentina
| | - O A Coso
- Department of Physiology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, IFIBYNE/CONICET, Argentina
| | - C B Cymeryng
- Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CEFYBO/CONICET, Argentina.
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Astort F, Mercau M, Giordanino E, Degese MS, Caldareri L, Coso O, Cymeryng CB. Nitric oxide sets off an antioxidant response in adrenal cells: involvement of sGC and Nrf2 in HO-1 induction. Nitric Oxide 2013; 37:1-10. [PMID: 24361900 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Induction of microsomal heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) activity is considered a cytoprotective mechanism in different cell types. In adrenal cells, HO-1 induction by ACTH exerts a modulatory effect on steroid production as well. As nitric oxide (NO) has been also regarded as an autocrine/paracrine modulator of adrenal steroidogenesis we sought to study the effects of NO on the induction of HO-1 and the mechanism involved. We hereby analyzed the time and dose-dependent effect of a NO-donor (DETA/NO) on HO-1 induction in a murine adrenocortical cell line. We showed that this effect is mainly exerted at a transcriptional level as it is inhibited by actinomycin D and HO-1 mRNA degradation rates were not affected by DETA/NO treatment. HO-1 induction by NO does not appear to involve the generation of oxidative stress as it was not affected by antioxidant treatment. We also demonstrated that NO-treatment results in the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), an effect that is attenuated by transfecting the cells with a dominant negative isoform of Nrf2. We finally show that the effects of the NO-donor are reproduced by a permeable analog of cGMP and that a soluble guanylate cyclase specific inhibitor blocked both the induction of HO-1 by NO and the nuclear translocation of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Astort
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CEFYBO-CONICET, Argentina.
| | - M Mercau
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CEFYBO-CONICET, Argentina
| | - E Giordanino
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CEFYBO-CONICET, Argentina
| | - M S Degese
- LFBM-DFBMC, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Caldareri
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CEFYBO-CONICET, Argentina
| | - O Coso
- LFBM-DFBMC, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C B Cymeryng
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CEFYBO-CONICET, Argentina
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Martinez Calejman C, Di Gruccio JM, Mercau ME, Repetto EM, Astort F, Sanchez R, Pandolfi M, Berg G, Schreier L, Arias P, Cymeryng CB. Insulin sensitization with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist prevents adrenocortical lipid infiltration and secretory changes induced by a high-sucrose diet. J Endocrinol 2012; 214:267-76. [PMID: 22700193 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that deviations in glucocorticoid secretion and/or action may contribute to somatic and biochemical changes observed in patients with and animal models of insulin resistance (IR). In this study, we analyzed changes in rat adrenocortical function and morphology associated with the development of IR, generated in male adult rats by the addition of 30% sucrose to the drinking water. Caloric intake, body and adipose tissue weights, and biochemical parameters associated with IR were determined. Expression levels of Star, Cyp11A1, Mc2r, Pparγ (Pparg), and Cd36 were evaluated by real-time PCR, histochemical analysis of the adrenal cortex was performed using Masson's trichrome and Sudan III staining, and corticosterone levels were measured by RIA. After 7 weeks of sucrose administration, higher serum glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels and an altered glycemic response to an i.p. insulin test were detected. Adrenal glands showed a neutral lipid infiltration. An increase in Star, Cyp11A1, Mc2r, Pparg and Cd36 and a decrease in Mc2r levels were also found. Furthermore, sucrose-treated animals exhibited higher basal corticosterone levels and a blunted response to ACTH injection. Noteworthy, the adrenocortical (functional and histological) abnormalities were prevented in sucrose-treated rats by the simultaneous administration of an insulin-sensitizing PPARγ agonist. In conclusion, sucrose-induced IR affects adrenocortical morphology and function possibly via the generation of adipokines or lipid metabolites within the adrenal gland. These abnormalities are prevented by the administration of a PPARγ agonist by mechanisms involving both extra- and intra-adrenal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Martinez Calejman
- Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CEFYBO, CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
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Martinez Calejman C, Astort F, Di Gruccio JM, Repetto EM, Mercau M, Giordanino E, Sanchez R, Pignataro O, Arias P, Cymeryng CB. Lipopolysaccharide stimulates adrenal steroidogenesis in rodent cells by a NFκB-dependent mechanism involving COX-2 activation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 337:1-6. [PMID: 21300135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of adrenal steroidogenesis is involved in the HPA response to exogenous noxa. Although inflammatory cytokines can mediate the LPS-triggered activation of the HPA, direct effects of LPS on glucocorticoid release have been described. Present studies were undertaken to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of LPS on steroid secretion in isolated rodent adrenal cells, assessing the participation of NFκB and COX-2 activities in this response. Our results show that LPS treatment stimulates steroidogenesis in murine and rat adrenocortical cells, and that Y1 cells express the binding-transducing complex TLR-4/CD14/MD-2, as demonstrated by RT-PCR. NFκB activity and COX-2 protein levels are increased in this cell line by LPS treatment, and pharmacologic and molecular manipulation of the NFκB pathway significantly affected both COX-2 protein levels and steroid production. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of COX-2 activity significantly impairs steroid production. Thus, our results strongly suggest that the mechanism involved in the stimulation of steroidogenesis by LPS in rodent adrenal cells involves the activation of the NFκB signaling pathway and the induction of COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Martinez Calejman
- Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires/CEFYBO-CONICET, Paraguay, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Repetto EM, Sanchez R, Cipelli J, Astort F, Calejman CM, Piroli GG, Arias P, Cymeryng CB. Dysregulation of corticosterone secretion in streptozotocin-diabetic rats: modulatory role of the adrenocortical nitrergic system. Endocrinology 2010; 151:203-10. [PMID: 19940040 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An increased activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis resulting in exaggerated glucocorticoid secretion has been repeatedly described in patients with diabetes mellitus and in animal models of this disease. However, it has been pointed out that experimental diabetes is accompanied by a decreased glucocorticoid response to ACTH stimulation. Because previous studies from our laboratory demonstrate the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the modulation of corticosterone production, present investigations were designed to evaluate 1) the impact of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes on the adrenocortical nitrergic system and 2) the role of NO in the modulation of adrenal steroidogenesis in STZ-diabetic rats. Four weeks after STZ injection, increased activity and expression levels of proteins involved in L-arginine transport and in NO synthesis were detected, and increased levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species, carbonyl adducts, and nitrotyrosine-modified proteins were measured in the adrenocortical tissue of hyperglycemic rats. An impaired corticosterone response to ACTH was evident both in vivo and in adrenocortical cells isolated from STZ-treated animals. Inhibition of NO synthase activity resulted in higher corticosterone generation in adrenal tissue from STZ-treated rats. Moreover, a stronger inhibition of steroid output from adrenal cells by a NO donor was observed in adrenocortical Y1 cells previously subjected to high glucose (30 mM) treatment. In summary, results presented herein indicate an inhibitory effect of endogenously generated NO on steroid production, probably potentiated by hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, in the adrenal cortex of STZ-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Repetto
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botanicos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CEFYBO-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Astort F, Repetto EM, Martínez Calejman C, Cipelli JM, Sánchez R, Di Gruccio JM, Mercau M, Pignataro OP, Arias P, Cymeryng CB. High glucose-induced changes in steroid production in adrenal cells. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009; 25:477-86. [PMID: 19489000 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in enhanced adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and serum glucocorticoid levels, has been described in patients with diabetes mellitus and in animal models of this disease; however, altered steroid production by adrenocortical cells could result from local changes triggered by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), induced in turn by chronic hyperglycaemia. Experiments were designed (1) to analyse the effects of incubating murine adrenocortical cells in hyperglycaemic media on the generation of oxidative stress, on steroid synthesis and on its modulation by the activity of haeme oxygenase (HO); and (2) to evaluate the effect of antioxidant treatment on these parameters. METHODS Y1 cells were incubated for 7 days with either normal or high glucose (HG, 30 mmol/L) concentrations, with or without antioxidant treatment. Parameters of oxidative stress and expression levels of haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nitrite levels, L-arginine uptake and progesterone production were determined. RESULTS HG augmented ROS and lipoperoxide production, decreasing glutathione (GSH) levels and increasing antioxidant enzymes and HO-1 expression. Basal progesterone production was reduced, while a higher response to ACTH was observed in HG-treated cells. The increase in HO-1 expression and the effects on basal steroid production were abolished by antioxidant treatment. Inhibition of HO activity increased basal and ACTH-stimulated steroid release. Similar results were obtained by HO-1 gene silencing while the opposite effect was observed in Y1 cells overexpressing HO-1. CONCLUSIONS HG induces oxidative stress and affects steroid production in adrenal cells; the involvement of HO activity in the modulation of steroidogenesis in Y1 cells is postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Astort
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CEFYBO (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Grion N, Repetto EM, Pomeraniec Y, Calejman CM, Astort F, Sanchez R, Pignataro OP, Arias P, Cymeryng CB. Induction of nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase activities by endotoxin in the rat adrenal cortex: involvement of both signaling systems in the modulation of ACTH-dependent steroid production. J Endocrinol 2007; 194:11-20. [PMID: 17592016 DOI: 10.1677/joe-06-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression levels and activities of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and heme oxygenase (HO) systems in the rat adrenal gland. Both enzymatic activities were significantly increased in this tissue after in vivo treatment with LPS. The concurrent induction of the HO-1, NOS-1, and NOS-2 gene products was also detected as both mRNAs and protein levels were augmented by this treatment in a time-dependent way. A significant interaction between both signaling systems was also demonstrated as in vivo blockage of NOS activity with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) resulted in a significant reduction in HO expression and activity levels, while an increase in NOS activity was observed when HO was inhibited by Sn-protoporphyrin IX (Sn-PPIX). As both NOS and HO activities have been previously involved in the modulation of adrenal steroidogenesis, we investigated the participation of these signaling systems in the adrenal response to LPS. Our results showed that acute stimulation of steroid production by ACTH was significantly increased when either NOS or HO activities were inhibited. We conclude that adrenal NOS and HO can be induced by a non-lethal dose of endotoxin supporting a modulatory role for these activities in the adrenal response to immune challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Grion
- Departmento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 5, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
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Repetto EM, Pannunzio V, Astort F, Martinez Calejman C, Moreno MB, Pignataro OP, Cymeryng CB. Characterization of L-arginine transport in adrenal cells: effect of ACTH. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 291:E291-7. [PMID: 16478777 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00413.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthesis depends on the availability of its precursor L-arginine, which could be regulated by the presence of a specific uptake system. In the present report, the characterization of the L-arginine transport system in mouse adrenal Y1 cells was performed. L-arginine transport was mediated by the cationic/neutral amino acid transport system y+L and the cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) y+ in Y1 cells. These Na+-independent transporters were identified by their selectivity for neutral amino acids in both the presence and absence of Na+ and by the effect of N-ethylmaleimide. Transport data correlated to expression of genes encoding for CAT-1, CAT-2, CD-98, and y+LAT-2. A similar expression profile was detected in rat adrenal zona fasciculata. In addition, cationic amino acid uptake in Y1 cells was upregulated by ACTH and/or cAMP with a concomitant increase in nitric oxide (NO) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban M Repetto
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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