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Ingelido AM, Abballe A, Gemma S, Dellatte E, Iacovella N, De Angelis G, Zampaglioni F, Marra V, Miniero R, Valentini S, Russo F, Vazzoler M, Testai E, De Felip E. Biomonitoring of perfluorinated compounds in adults exposed to contaminated drinking water in the Veneto Region, Italy. Environ Int 2018; 110:149-159. [PMID: 29108835 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In 2013 a contamination of drinking water by perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) was discovered in areas of the Veneto Region (northern Italy). In this study the exposure to PFASs of people living in the aforesaid areas was characterized: contaminant serum concentrations were measured and compared with those of a control population group living in neighboring areas at background exposure (based on available drinking water data). The enrolled population was also genotyped for the OATP1A2*3 allelic variant, possibly affecting PFAS excretion and hence the internal dose. The difference in PFAS concentrations between exposed and not exposed subjects was significantly larger for nine of the 12 substances analyzed, and confirmed that water contamination had resulted in an appreciable high exposure of the residing population over time. Within the group of exposed subjects, subgroups at different exposure levels were identified. The contamination of drinking water of the residence area was found to be the main factor influencing PFAS serum levels; in addition to water contamination, other relevant influencing factors were sex, the years of residence and raising own livestock. No relationship with the genetic trait for the studied renal transporter was evidenced. These results provide a baseline characterization of PFAS exposure of the monitored population groups for further studies, planned to be carried out in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annalisa Abballe
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento Ambiente e Salute, Roma, Italy
| | - Simonetta Gemma
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento Ambiente e Salute, Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Dellatte
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento Ambiente e Salute, Roma, Italy
| | - Nicola Iacovella
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento Ambiente e Salute, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Franco Zampaglioni
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento Ambiente e Salute, Roma, Italy
| | - Valentina Marra
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento Ambiente e Salute, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Miniero
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento Ambiente e Salute, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Valentini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento Ambiente e Salute, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Russo
- Direzione Prevenzione, Sicurezza Alimentare, Veterinaria della Regione del Veneto, Venezia, Italy
| | - Marina Vazzoler
- Direzione Prevenzione, Sicurezza Alimentare, Veterinaria della Regione del Veneto, Venezia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Testai
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento Ambiente e Salute, Roma, Italy
| | - Elena De Felip
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento Ambiente e Salute, Roma, Italy
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Stammati A, Nebbia C, Angelis ID, Albo AG, Carletti M, Rebecchi C, Zampaglioni F, Dacasto M. Effects of malachite green (MG) and its major metabolite, leucomalachite green (LMG), in two human cell lines. Toxicol In Vitro 2005; 19:853-8. [PMID: 16061355 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Malachite green (MG) is still illegally used as a fungicide in aquaculture. In fish it is absorbed and metabolised to its major reduced metabolite, leucomalachite green (LMG). This latter represents the main residue found in fish tissues and may persist for several months. Since MG, suspected to act as a tumour promoter in vitro and in vivo, might be also present as a residue in fish, the present study was undertaken to ascertain the in vitro toxicity of both compounds in two human tumour cell lines (Caco-2 and HEp-2). After 24h incubation with MG, significant decreases of cell viability, measured by neutral red uptake (NRU) or total protein content (TPC) as well as proliferation capability (colony-forming ability, CFA) were noticed in HEp-2 cells; the mean IC(50) value was about 2 microM. As regards the differentiated Caco-2 cells, MG caused a dose-related significant cytotoxicity, measured either by MTT test, the LDH leakage or NRU, with a mean IC(50) value of about 15 microM. By contrast, LMG disclosed, in both cell lines, a lower cytotoxicity compared to MG. These results also show that HEp-2 cells are more sensitive than intestinal cells to the toxic action of both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Stammati
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Università di Torino, via Leonardo da Vinci 44, I-10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
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De Angelis I, Giuliano Albo A, Nebbia C, Stammati A, Zampaglioni F, Dacasto M. 204 Cytotoxic effects of malachite green in two human cell lines. Toxicol Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(03)90203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Stammati A, Nicoletti R, De Stefano S, Zampaglioni F, Zucco F. Cytostatic properties of a novel compound derived from Penicillium pinophilum: an in vitro study. Altern Lab Anim 2002; 30:69-75. [PMID: 11827571 DOI: 10.1177/026119290203000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
3-O-Methylfunicone (OMF), a secondary metabolite produced by Penicillium pinophilum, inhibits the in vitro growth of plant pathogenic fungi. This specific property suggested that the compound could be used against other fungal pathogenic activities, including dermatological ones. However, for such applications, toxicological side-effects should be taken into account, in order to prevent other types of risk to mammalian cells. Therefore, investigations were made of the basic toxicity of OMF toward a human tumour cell line. The compound was found to have a cytostatic effect, which represents a counter-indication to its use as a therapeutic agent in dermatology, but suggests that it may have potential as an anti-tumour agent. This study confirmed the validity of in vitro systems for preliminary assays on new compounds, in order to avoid the use of animals in toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Stammati
- Laboratorio di Tossicologia Comparata ed Ecotossicologia, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00162 Rome, Italy
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Oteri G, Stammati A, Zampaglioni F, Zucco F. Evaluation of the use of two human cell lines for okadaic acid and DTX-1 determination by cytotoxicity assays and damage characterization. Nat Toxins 1999; 6:197-209. [PMID: 10398517 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199809/10)6:5<197::aid-nt21>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two human cell lines have been used, HEp-2 and (de)differentiated Caco-2, derived from a larynx and a colon carcinoma, respectively, with the aim of evaluating and characterizing the cytotoxicity of okadaic acid (OA) and related toxins. Effects of OA and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1) on cell viability (neutral red uptake) and on cell morphology/cytoskeleton structure have been observed in both cell lines, though at different time exposures and with different concentrations. The morphological alteration was detected earlier than the viability inhibition in HEp-2 cells with both toxins and in Caco-2 cells with DTX-1. HEp-2 cells have shown to be more sensitive than the intestinal cell line and thus possibly suitable for screening of contaminated samples, while Caco-2 cells could be used for further investigating the possible mechanisms involved in diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Oteri
- Laboratorio di Tossicologia Comparata ed Ecotossicologia, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italia
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Stammati A, Zampaglioni F, Zanetti C. The Neutral Red Uptake Assay: Comments on the Results of the Istituto Superiore di Sanità in the EC/HO Validation Study. Altern Lab Anim 1998; 26:61-68. [PMID: 26043284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Stammati
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Laboratorio di Tossicologia Comparata ed Ecotossicologia, Rome, Italy
| | - F Zampaglioni
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Laboratorio di Tossicologia Comparata ed Ecotossicologia, Rome, Italy
| | - C Zanetti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Laboratorio di Tossicologia Comparata ed Ecotossicologia, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Nitrofuran drugs have been studied on cellular systems in order to develop in vitro tests for safety assessment of food contaminants. In the present study we have tested furaltadone on three cell lines (HEp-2, Caco-2 and V79), using the same toxicity endpoints as in a previous study with furazolidone, namely cell viability and growth, colony-forming ability, LDH release, and O2 consumption. One of the aims of this investigation was to compare the two compounds in order to determine whether our models are able to discriminate among structurally related molecules. The other aim was to study the influence of the solvent used on the observed toxicity, because furaltadone is soluble both in water and in DMSO. The results show that the three cell lines used as differently affected by the two compounds, and that, at least in the case of furaltadone, the solvent is not relevant for the observed toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stammati
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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De Angelis I, Giubilei L, Stammati A, Zampaglioni F, Zucco F, Bartolini G, Salvatore G. In vitro toxicity of some cosmetic ingredients. Food Chem Toxicol 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0278-6915(86)90097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Paganuzzi AS, Zucco F, Cardelli M, de Angelis I, Mattei R, Pino A, Rocca E, Zampaglioni F. Cytotoxic effects of wheat gliadin-derived peptides. Toxicology 1985; 37:225-32. [PMID: 4071551 DOI: 10.1016/0300-483x(85)90085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The peptic-tryptic-cotazym (PTC) digest, obtained from bread wheat gliadin by simulating in vivo protein digestion, was more active than the PTC-digest of durum wheat gliadin in reversibly inhibiting HEp-2 cell proliferation and in increasing cellular acid phosphatase. Colony-forming ability of the cells was not affected by treatment with both bread or durum wheat gliadin peptides. The peptic-tryptic (PT) digest of bread wheat gliadin also showed agglutinating activity of HEp-2 cells.
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Rocca E, Paganuzzi Stammati A, Zampaglioni F, Zucco F. Effects of gliadin-derived peptides from bread and durum wheats on in vitro cultures of human cell lines. Implications for coeliac disease pathogenesis. Toxicol Lett 1983; 16:331-8. [PMID: 6857727 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(83)90195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A peptic-tryptic-cotazym digest, obtained from bread (hexaploid) wheat gliadins under experimental conditions mimicking in vivo protein digestion, was found to reduce in vitro viability of human embryo (MRC-5) and tumor cell (Hep-2) lines. Time of onset and extent of cytotoxic effects were largely dependent on initial peptide concentrations in the culture medium. The presence of 2% fetal calf serum was capable of delaying, but not of preventing, the onset of cytotoxic effects only in MRC-5 cultures. A peptic-tryptic-cotazim digest obtained from durum (tetraploid) wheat gliadins and tested under identical conditions did not show any cytotoxic activity on MRC-5 and Hep-2 cell lines. These results indicate that cell systems are useful to investigate pathogenetic mechanisms of coeliac disease (gluten-dependent enteropathy).
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