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Eyre HA, Hynes W, Ayadi R, Swieboda P, Berk M, Ibanez A, Castelló ME, Jeste DV, Tempest M, Abdullah JM, O’Brien K, Carnevale S, Njamnshi AK, Martino M, Mannix D, Maestri K, YU R, CHEN S, NG CH, Volmink HC, Ahuja R, Destrebecq F, Vradenburg G, Schmied A, Manes F, Platt ML. The Brain Economy: Advancing Brain Science to Better Understand the Modern Economy. Malays J Med Sci 2024; 31:1-13. [PMID: 38456111 PMCID: PMC10917588 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2024.31.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The coming years are likely to be turbulent due to a myriad of factors or polycrisis, including an escalation in climate extremes, emerging public health threats, weak productivity, increases in global economic instability and further weakening in the integrity of global democracy. These formidable challenges are not exogenous to the economy but are in some cases generated by the system itself. They can be overcome, but only with far-reaching changes to global economics. Our current socio-economic paradigm is insufficient for addressing these complex challenges, let alone sustaining human development, well-being and happiness. To support the flourishing of the global population in the age of polycrisis, we need a novel, person-centred and collective paradigm. The brain economy leverages insights from neuroscience to provide a novel way of centralising the human contribution to the economy, how the economy in turn shapes our lives and positive feedbacks between the two. The brain economy is primarily based on Brain Capital, an economic asset integrating brain health and brain skills, the social, emotional, and the diversity of cognitive brain resources of individuals and communities. People with healthy brains are essential to navigate increasingly complex systems. Policies and investments that improve brain health and hence citizens' cognitive functions and boost brain performance can increase productivity, stimulate greater creativity and economic dynamism, utilise often underdeveloped intellectual resources, afford social cohesion, and create a more resilient, adaptable and sustainability-engaged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris A. Eyre
- Brain Capital Alliance, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Health and Biosciences, The Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Meadows Mental Health Policy Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University and Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- FondaMental Fondation, Paris, France
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Houston Methodist Behavioral Health, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, California, USA
- Frontier Technology Lab, School of Engineering and Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - William Hynes
- Brain Capital Alliance, San Francisco, California, USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association, Barcelona, Spain
- Rebuilding Macroeconomics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
- School of Advanced International Studies Europe, Johns Hopkins University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rym Ayadi
- Brain Capital Alliance, San Francisco, California, USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association, Barcelona, Spain
- Bayes Business School, City College London, London, United Kingdom
- Center for European Policy Studies, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pawel Swieboda
- Brain Capital Alliance, San Francisco, California, USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association, Barcelona, Spain
- NeuroCentury, Brussels, Belgium
- European Policy Centre, Brussels, Belgium
- International Center for Future Generations, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Berk
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University and Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario del Tiempo, Universidad de San Andrés-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E. Castelló
- Desarrollo y Evolución Neural, Departamento Neurociencias Integrativas y Computacionales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (MEC), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Programa de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Básicas (MEC-UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Fibras, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dilip V. Jeste
- Global Research Network on Social Determinants of Health and Exposomics, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Fellow, Academy of Sciences Malaysia, Menara Matrade, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Chairman of Medical and Health Sciences Cluster, The National Council of Professors, Malaysia (MPN), Selangor, Malaysia
- Professor of Neurosciences & Senior Consultant Neurosurgeon, Department of Neurosciences & Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences/Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Alfred K. Njamnshi
- Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Geneva, Switzerland & Yaoundé, Cameroon, Africa
| | - Michael Martino
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), South Carolina, USA
| | - Dan Mannix
- Brain Capital Alliance, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Ruojuan YU
- School of Management, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shuo CHEN
- Sutardja Center for Entrepreneurship and Technology, College of Engineering, University of California, California, USA
| | - Chee H. NG
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heinrich C. Volmink
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, Africa
- Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, Africa
| | - Rajiv Ahuja
- Milken Institute, Center for the Future of Aging, California, USA
| | | | - George Vradenburg
- UsAgainstAlzhiemer’s, Washington DC, USA
- Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative, Washington DC, USA
| | - Astrid Schmied
- Science of Learning in Education Center, Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Facundo Manes
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael L. Platt
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Marketing Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Wharton Neuroscience Initiative, Wharton Business School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Simon J, Boyer P, Caldas-de-Almeida JM, Knapp M, McCrone P, Gorwood P, Oertel W, Arango C, Treasure J, Young AH, Destrebecq F, Quoidbach V. Viewpoint: Assessing the value of mental health treatments in Europe. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e59. [PMID: 37554014 PMCID: PMC10486250 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
One in eight individuals worldwide lives with a mental health disorder. For many European countries, the prevalence is even higher, with one in four people reporting mental health problems [1]. Three-quarters of all mental health disorders develop before age 25, with many presenting initially in undiagnosed forms already in the mid-teens and eventually manifesting as severe disorders and lasting into old age [2]. There is also growing evidence that mental health disorder symptoms cross diagnoses and people frequently have more than one mental health disorder [3].
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Simon
- Department of Health Economics, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrice Boyer
- European Brain Council and European Brain Foundation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jose M. Caldas-de-Almeida
- Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health, Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martin Knapp
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | - Philip Gorwood
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CMME), INSERM UMR1266, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Janet Treasure
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Allan H. Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, UK
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Eyre HA, Lundin R, Falcão VP, Berk M, Hawrot T, Leboyer M, Destrebecq F, Sarnyai Z, Reynolds C, Lavretsky H, Kolappa K, Cummings J. Brain Health Is a Determinant of Mental Health. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 31:379-381. [PMID: 36914554 PMCID: PMC10655837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harris A Eyre
- Brain Capital Alliance (HAE, VPF, MB, FD, JC), San Francisco, CA; Neuroscience-Inspired Policy Initiative (NIPI), New Approaches to Economic Challenges, Office of the Chief Economist, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (HAE, VPF, MB, TH, FD, JC), Paris, France; Center for Health and Biosciences, The Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University (HAE), Houston, TX; Meadows Mental Health Policy Institute (HAE), Dallas, TX; Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association (HAE), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University and Barwon Health (HAE, RL, VPF, MB), Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine (HAE, MB), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center (HAE, MB), Houston, TX.
| | - Robert Lundin
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University and Barwon Health (HAE, RL, VPF, MB), Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Veronica Podence Falcão
- Brain Capital Alliance (HAE, VPF, MB, FD, JC), San Francisco, CA; Neuroscience-Inspired Policy Initiative (NIPI), New Approaches to Economic Challenges, Office of the Chief Economist, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (HAE, VPF, MB, TH, FD, JC), Paris, France; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University and Barwon Health (HAE, RL, VPF, MB), Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Brain Capital Alliance (HAE, VPF, MB, FD, JC), San Francisco, CA; Neuroscience-Inspired Policy Initiative (NIPI), New Approaches to Economic Challenges, Office of the Chief Economist, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (HAE, VPF, MB, TH, FD, JC), Paris, France; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University and Barwon Health (HAE, RL, VPF, MB), Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne (MB), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne (MB), Parkville, Victoria, Australia; ORYGEN Youth Health, University of Melbourne (MB), Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tadeusz Hawrot
- Neuroscience-Inspired Policy Initiative (NIPI), New Approaches to Economic Challenges, Office of the Chief Economist, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (HAE, VPF, MB, TH, FD, JC), Paris, France; European Federation for Neurological Associations (TH), Brussels, Belgium; Psychedelic Access and Research European Alliance (PAREA) (TH), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marion Leboyer
- IMRB Translational Neuropsychiatry Lab (ML), Université Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, France; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology (ML), Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France; Fondation FondaMental (ML), Creteil, France
| | - Frederic Destrebecq
- Brain Capital Alliance (HAE, VPF, MB, FD, JC), San Francisco, CA; Neuroscience-Inspired Policy Initiative (NIPI), New Approaches to Economic Challenges, Office of the Chief Economist, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (HAE, VPF, MB, TH, FD, JC), Paris, France; European Brain Council (FD), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zoltan Sarnyai
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University (ZS), Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charles Reynolds
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh (CR), Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (HL), Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kavitha Kolappa
- The Chester M. Pierce MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital (KK), Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Brain Capital Alliance (HAE, VPF, MB, FD, JC), San Francisco, CA; Neuroscience-Inspired Policy Initiative (NIPI), New Approaches to Economic Challenges, Office of the Chief Economist, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (HAE, VPF, MB, TH, FD, JC), Paris, France; Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, University of Nevada (JC), Las Vegas, NV
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Tankisi H, Kamondi A, Gechev A, da Silva AM, Antal A, Destrebecq F, Aarts K, Di Luca M, Cole J. Policy, priorities and practice: 'Being in the room where it happens.' The European Brain Research Area and the Europe, Middle-East and Africa Chapter, International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 141:75-76. [PMID: 35905630 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Tankisi
- Europe, Middle-East and Africa Chapter, International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, Executive Committee; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - A Kamondi
- Europe, Middle-East and Africa Chapter, International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, Executive Committee; Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary and Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Gechev
- Europe, Middle-East and Africa Chapter, International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, Executive Committee; West Hertfordshire Hospitals, and Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QC, UK
| | - A M da Silva
- Europe, Middle-East and Africa Chapter, International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, Executive Committee; Epilepsy Unit, Porto Epicare Centre for Refractory Epilepsy, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Portugal, Neurophysiology, Neurosciences Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Portugal
| | - A Antal
- Europe, Middle-East and Africa Chapter, International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, Executive Committee; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - F Destrebecq
- Executive Director, European Brain Council, Belgium
| | - K Aarts
- Project Manager, European Brain Council, Belgium
| | - M Di Luca
- Project Coordinator European Brain Research Area and Immediate Past President, European Brain Council, Belgium
| | - J Cole
- Europe, Middle-East and Africa Chapter, International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, Executive Committee; Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospitals Dorset, (Poole), and University of Bournemouth, Poole, UK
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Aarts K, De Witte E, Kramer S, Iannone D, Destrebecq F, Di Luca M. European brain research area: The operational level. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9471873 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain research in Europe is a rapidly evolving field, and increasingly at the forefront of science. Although considerable amounts of knowledge and innovative approaches have been generated, the translation into new health interventions is hindered by excessive fragmentation. Effective and efficient collaboration and cooperation among the various initiatives are often identified as a key success factor to achieve brain research full impact. EBRA fully responds to these needs by bringing together the various stakeholders and major brain research initiatives, at European level and beyond. EBRA creates the conditions for real and effective cross fertilisation, dialogue, building consensus and exploiting research potential. On the operational level, EBRA facilitates the emergence of research projects in specific areas in active clusters. A cluster is understood as a research community that can be directed towards basic research, clinical research and/or methodological approaches under a common topic and disease area within brain research. EBRA support clusters to: 1. Consolidate or expand further the research community expand their community, 2. Engage with policy makers and other relevant stakeholders, 3. Build consensus on various issues (research priorities, research roadmap, data sharing, etc.), 4. Promote links with existing research infrastructures, 5. Increase the visibility of the research community through communication and dissemination activities, 6. Coordinate the development of position/consensus papers, white papers, guidelines, meeting reports and/or other cluster outcomes. EBRA currently has 6 existing clusters: EPICLUSTER, Prevention of Severe Mental Disorders (PSMD)-cluster, TRISOMY21-cluster, BRAINFOOD-cluster., PREMOS-cluster and ECIB-cluster.
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Di Luca M, De Witte E, Aarts K, Kramer S, Iannone D, Destrebecq F. European brain research area: The strategic level. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9471743 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain research in Europe is a rapidly evolving field, and increasingly at the forefront of science. Although considerable amounts of knowledge and innovative approaches have been generated, the translation into new health interventions is hindered by excessive fragmentation. Effective and efficient collaboration and cooperation among the various initiatives are often identified as a key success factor to achieve brain research full impact. EBRA fully responds to these needs by bringing together the various stakeholders and major brain research initiatives, at European level and beyond. EBRA creates the conditions for real and effective cross fertilisation, dialogue, building consensus and exploiting research potential. At the strategic level, EBRA acts by fostering alignment and better coordination of research strategies across European and global brain initiatives. Therefore, an overview of the scale and scope of brain research activities funded in the EU framework programme and the funding initiatives of JPND, NEURON and HBP has been created. The results of the mapping exercise then underpinned the development of a Shared European Brain Research Agenda (SEBRA). The SEBRA focuses on research opportunities and research gaps to be addressed in the field, and priorities for action in the short- and long-term. It integrates pre-existing documents as well as expert (i.e., researchers, neurologists/psychiatrists, patient representatives) input that has been collected through surveys and in a dedicated expert workshop. The SEBRA will be used to provide recommendations on future areas for excellent, innovative, and translational research comprising those for maximized cooperation, reduced overlap, and fragmentation.
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Panteli D, Kreutzberg A, Reichebner C, Maier C, Destrebecq F. Regulation of health care professionals as a quality strategy. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Health professionals are both a health system input and an active component of the functions that the health system performs. As such, the performance of the health workforce is directly linked to the quality of health services. Regulation is essential to define a clear framework within which health professionals acquire and maintain the competence needed to provide health services that are of high quality, i.e. that are safe, effective and patient-centered. This presentation discusses the evidence on a sequence of strategies that regulate health professionals, looking at how they are currently deployed in Europe, how (cost-)effective they are, and what can be done to optimize their implementation.
Adopting a comprehensive perspective ranging from the entry into training to life-long maintenance and demonstration of competence, the presentation brings together a) strategies to develop professional competence (including training structure and contents, curriculum development and the accreditation of institutions for health education); b) strategies that regulate the entry of physicians and nurses into their professions (e.g. licensing and registration); c) mechanisms to maintain competence (e.g. continuing professional development); and d) levers to address instances when fitness to practice comes into question.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Panteli
- Department of Health Care Management, Berlin University of Technology, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Kreutzberg
- Department of Health Care Management, Berlin University of Technology, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Reichebner
- Department of Health Care Management, Berlin University of Technology, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Maier
- Department of Health Care Management, Berlin University of Technology, Berlin, Germany
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Di Luca M, Nutt D, Oertel W, Boyer P, Jaarsma J, Destrebecq F, Esposito G, Quoidbach V. Towards earlier diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the brain. Bull World Health Organ 2019; 96:298-298A. [PMID: 29875510 PMCID: PMC5985426 DOI: 10.2471/blt.17.206599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - David Nutt
- European Brain Council (EBC), Brussels, Belgium
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Quoidbach V, Destrebecq F, Esposito G. Towards integrated care for disorders of the brain in Europe
Vinciane Quoidbach1, Frederic Destrebecq1 & Giovanni Esposito1
European Brain Council. Front Neurosci 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fnins.2018.95.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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