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Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the largest threats to global health and imposes substantial burdens in terms of morbidity, mortality, and economic costs. The gut is a key conduit for the genesis and spread of antimicrobial resistance in enteric bacterial pathogens. Distinct bacterial species that cause enteric disease can exist as invasive enteropathogens that immediately evoke gastrointestinal distress, or pathobionts that can arise from established bacterial commensals to inflict dysbiosis and disease. Furthermore, various environmental reservoirs and stressors facilitate the evolution and transmission of resistance. In this review, we present a comprehensive discussion on circulating resistance profiles and gene mobilization strategies of the most problematic species of enteric bacterial pathogens. Importantly, we present emerging approaches toward surveillance of pathogens and their resistance elements as well as promising treatment strategies that can circumvent common resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Wallace
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - S. R. S. Fishbein
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - G. Dantas
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,CONTACT G. Dantas Department of Pathology & Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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Abstract
The human gut microbiome is a dynamic collection of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses that performs essential functions for immune development, pathogen colonization resistance, and food metabolism. Perturbation of the gut microbiome's ecological balance, commonly by antibiotics, can cause and exacerbate diseases. To predict and successfully rescue such perturbations, first, we must understand the underlying taxonomic and functional dynamics of the microbiome as it changes throughout infancy, childhood, and adulthood. We offer an overview of the healthy gut bacterial architecture over these life stages and comment on vulnerability to short and long courses of antibiotics. Second, the resilience of the microbiome after antibiotic perturbation depends on key characteristics, such as the nature, timing, duration, and spectrum of a course of antibiotics, as well as microbiome modulatory factors such as age, travel, underlying illness, antibiotic resistance pattern, and diet. In this review, we discuss acute and chronic antibiotic perturbations to the microbiome and resistome in the context of microbiome stability and dynamics. We specifically discuss key taxonomic and resistance gene changes that accompany antibiotic treatment of neonates, children, and adults. Restoration of a healthy gut microbial ecosystem after routine antibiotics will require rationally managed exposure to specific antibiotics and microbes. To that end, we review the use of fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics to direct recolonization of the gut ecosystem. We conclude with our perspectives on how best to assess, predict, and aid recovery of the microbiome after antibiotic perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - A. E. Langdon
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - G. Dantas
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Silva G, Filho SP, Lima L, Dantas G, Silva DA, Rolim V, Melo I, Daher E. Prognostic factors in critically ill patients with community-acquired acute bacterial meningitis and acute kidney injury. Int J Infect Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.3788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Tsukayama P, Pehrsson E, Patel S, Berg D, Gilman R, Dantas G. Transmission dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes in human and environmental microbiomes in Lima, Peru. Int J Infect Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.3442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Potter RF, Wallace MA, McMullen AR, Prusa J, Stallings CL, Burnham CAD, Dantas G. bla IMP-27 on transferable plasmids in Proteus mirabilis and Providencia rettgeri. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:1019.e5-1019.e8. [PMID: 29496594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A carbapenem-resistant Providencia rettgeri (PR1) isolate was recovered from a wound infection in Missouri, USA. This isolate possessed an EDTA-inhibitable carbapenemase that was unidentified using the Xpert CARBA-R assay. Our objective was to elucidate the molecular determinant of carbapenem resistance in this isolate. We then sought to test the transmissibility of blaIMP-27 loci in clinical P. rettgeri and Proteus mirabilis isolates. METHODS In October 2016 the novel ambler Class B carbapenemase blaIMP-27, was reported in two different Proteus mirabilis (PM185 and PM187) isolates. Broth mating assays for transfer of carbapenemase activity were performed for the three clinical isolates with recipient sodium azide-resistant Escherichia coli J53. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and phenotypic carbapenemase activity testing were performed on the clinical isolates, J53 and transconjugants using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Plasmid DNA from PM187, PR1 and their transconjugants were used as input for Nextera Illumina sequencing libraries and sequenced on a NextSeq platform. RESULTS PR1 was resistant to both imipenem and meropenem. PM187 and PR1 could transfer resistance to E. coli through plasmid conjugation (pPM187 and pPR1). pPM187 had a virB/virD4 type IV secretion system whereas pPR1 had a traB/traD type IV secretion system. CONCLUSION Two of three blaIMP-27-bearing clinical isolates tested could conjugate resistance into E. coli. The resulting transconjugants became positive for phenotypic carbapenemase production but did not pass clinical resistance breakpoints. blaIMP-27 can be transmitted on different plasmid replicon types that rely on distinct classes of type IV secretion system for horizontal transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Potter
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - M A Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - A R McMullen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Prusa
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - C L Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - C A D Burnham
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - G Dantas
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
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Rocha e Silva LF, Montoia A, Amorim RCN, Melo MR, Henrique MC, Nunomura SM, Costa MRF, Andrade Neto VF, Costa DS, Dantas G, Lavrado J, Moreira R, Paulo A, Pinto AC, Tadei WP, Zacardi RS, Eberlin MN, Pohlit AM. Comparative in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of the indole alkaloids ellipticine, olivacine, cryptolepine and a synthetic cryptolepine analog. Phytomedicine 2012; 20:71-76. [PMID: 23092722 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Indole alkaloids ellipticine (1), cryptolepine triflate (2a), rationally designed 11-(4-piperidinamino)cryptolepine hydrogen dichloride (2b) and olivacine (3) (an isomer of 1) were evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and in vivo in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. 1-3 inhibited P. falciparum (IC₅₀≤1.4 μM, order of activity: 2b>1>2a>3). In vitro toxicity to murine macrophages was evaluated and revealed selectivity indices (SI) of 10-12 for 2a and SI>2.8×10² for 1, 2b and 3. 1 administered orally at 50mg/kg/day was highly active against P. berghei (in vivo inhibition compared to untreated control (IVI)=100%, mean survival time (MST)>40 days, comparable activity to chloroquine control). 1 administered orally and subcutaneously was active at 10 mg/kg/day (IVI=70-77%; MST=27-29 days). 3 exhibited high oral activity at ≥50 mg/kg/day (IVI=90-97%, MST=23-27 days). Cryptolepine (2a) administered orally and subcutaneously exhibited moderate activity at 50mg/kg/day (IVI=43-63%, MST=24-25 days). At 50 mg/kg/day, 2b administered subcutaneously was lethal to infected mice (MST=3 days) and moderately active when administered orally (IVI=45-55%, MST=25 days). 1 and 3 are promising compounds for development of antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Rocha e Silva
- National Institute for Amazonian Research, Av. André Araújo 2936, Aleixo, 69060-001 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Silveira PP, Portella AK, Clemente Z, Bassani E, Tabajara AS, Gamaro GD, Dantas G, Torres ILS, Lucion AB, Dalmaz C. Neonatal handling alters feeding behavior of adult rats. Physiol Behav 2004; 80:739-45. [PMID: 14984809 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2003.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2003] [Revised: 11/16/2003] [Accepted: 12/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stress during the neonatal period leads to a large number of behavioral and biochemical alterations in adult life. The aim of this study is to verify the effects of handling and tactile stimulation during the first 10 days of life on feeding behavior in adult rats. Litters were divided into (1). intact; (2). handled (10 min/day); and (3). handled and tactile stimulated (10 min/day). Procedures were performed on Days 1-10 after birth. When adults, rats were tested for ingestion of sweet and savory snacks. We also measured body weight, ingestion of standard lab chow, and consumption of water and 1% glucose and 1.5% NaCl solutions. Stressed rats (handling and handling+tactile stimulation groups) consumed more sweet (two-way ANOVA, P=.008) or savory snacks (P=.001) than intact ones. This effect was observed in males and females. There were no differences in body weight, ingestion of standard lab chow, water, or in the ingestion of sweetened or salty solutions between groups. The same animals were tested later in life (15 months of age), and the effect was still evident. We suggest that handling during the neonatal period leads to alterations in the CNS of rats, causing an increased ingestion of palatable food in adult life, and this alteration probably persists throughout the whole life.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 (Anexo) Lab. 32, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Levina M, Dantas G, Fishbein M, von Haeften I, Montano D. Factors influencing MSMs' intentions to always use condoms for vaginal, anal and oral sex with their regular partners. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/13548500124332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Levina M, Dantas G, Fishbein M, von Haeften I, Montano D. Factors influencing MSMs' intentions to always use condoms for vaginal, anal and oral sex with their regular partners. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/13548500120035445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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