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Vacca M, Assogna F, Pellicano C, Chiaravalloti A, Placidi F, Izzi F, Camedda R, Schillaci O, Spalletta G, Lombardo C, Mercuri N, Liguori C. Neuropsychiatric, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging features in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder: does MCI matter? Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Pigoni A, Dwyer D, Squarcina L, Borgwardt S, Crespo-Facorro B, Dazzan P, Smesny S, Spaniel F, Spalletta G, Sanfelici R, Antonucci LA, Reuf A, Oeztuerk OF, Schmidt A, Ciufolini S, Schönborn-Harrisberger F, Langbein K, Gussew A, Reichenbach JR, Zaytseva Y, Piras F, Delvecchio G, Bellani M, Ruggeri M, Lasalvia A, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Ortiz V, Murray RM, Reis-Marques T, Di Forti M, Koutsouleris N, Brambilla P. Classification of first-episode psychosis using cortical thickness: A large multicenter MRI study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 47:34-47. [PMID: 33957410 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Machine learning classifications of first-episode psychosis (FEP) using neuroimaging have predominantly analyzed brain volumes. Some studies examined cortical thickness, but most of them have used parcellation approaches with data from single sites, which limits claims of generalizability. To address these limitations, we conducted a large-scale, multi-site analysis of cortical thickness comparing parcellations and vertex-wise approaches. By leveraging the multi-site nature of the study, we further investigated how different demographical and site-dependent variables affected predictions. Finally, we assessed relationships between predictions and clinical variables. 428 subjects (147 females, mean age 27.14) with FEP and 448 (230 females, mean age 27.06) healthy controls were enrolled in 8 centers by the ClassiFEP group. All subjects underwent a structural MRI and were clinically assessed. Cortical thickness parcellation (68 areas) and full cortical maps (20,484 vertices) were extracted. Linear Support Vector Machine was used for classification within a repeated nested cross-validation framework. Vertex-wise thickness maps outperformed parcellation-based methods with a balanced accuracy of 66.2% and an Area Under the Curve of 72%. By stratifying our sample for MRI scanner, we increased generalizability across sites. Temporal brain areas resulted as the most influential in the classification. The predictive decision scores significantly correlated with age at onset, duration of treatment, and positive symptoms. In conclusion, although far from the threshold of clinical relevance, temporal cortical thickness proved to classify between FEP subjects and healthy individuals. The assessment of site-dependent variables permitted an increase in the across-site generalizability, thus attempting to address an important machine learning limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pigoni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - D Dwyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - L Squarcina
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - S Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - B Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain; University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sevilla-IBiS, CIBERSAM, Sevilla, Spain
| | - P Dazzan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - S Smesny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - F Spaniel
- Department of Applied Neurosciences and Brain Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany Czechia
| | - G Spalletta
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - R Sanfelici
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany; Max Planck School of Cognition, Stephanstrasse 1a, Leipzig, Germany
| | - L A Antonucci
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany; Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - A Reuf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Oe F Oeztuerk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - A Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S Ciufolini
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | | | - K Langbein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - A Gussew
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - J R Reichenbach
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Y Zaytseva
- Department of Applied Neurosciences and Brain Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany Czechia
| | - F Piras
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - G Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Bellani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Italy; UOC of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) of Verona, Italy
| | - M Ruggeri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Italy; UOC of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) of Verona, Italy
| | - A Lasalvia
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Italy; UOC of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) of Verona, Italy
| | - D Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Department of Radiology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Spain
| | - V Ortiz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - R M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - T Reis-Marques
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - M Di Forti
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - N Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - P Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Spalletta G, Morris D, Angelucci F, Rubino I, Spoletini I, Bria P, Martinotti G, Siracusano A, Bonaviri G, Bernardini S, Caltagirone C, Bossù P, Donohoe G, Gill M, Corvin A. BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is associated with aggressive behavior in schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 25:311-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene variants may potentially influence behaviour. In order to test this hypothesis, we investigated the relationship between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and aggressive behaviour in a population of schizophrenic patients. Our results showed that increased number of BDNF Met alleles was associated with increased aggressive behaviour.
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Timotijevic L, Hodgkins CE, Banks A, Rusconi P, Egan B, Peacock M, Seiss E, Touray MML, Gage H, Pellicano C, Spalletta G, Assogna F, Giglio M, Marcante A, Gentile G, Cikajlo I, Gatsios D, Konitsiotis S, Fotiadis D. Designing a mHealth clinical decision support system for Parkinson's disease: a theoretically grounded user needs approach. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2020; 20:34. [PMID: 32075633 PMCID: PMC7031960 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-020-1027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the established evidence and theoretical advances explaining human judgments under uncertainty, developments of mobile health (mHealth) Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) have not explicitly applied the psychology of decision making to the study of user needs. We report on a user needs approach to develop a prototype of a mHealth CDSS for Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is theoretically grounded in the psychological literature about expert decision making and judgement under uncertainty. Methods A suite of user needs studies was conducted in 4 European countries (Greece, Italy, Slovenia, the UK) prior to the development of PD_Manager, a mHealth-based CDSS designed for Parkinson’s disease, using wireless technology. Study 1 undertook Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) including elicitation of user needs, cognitive demands and perceived risks/benefits (ethical considerations) associated with the proposed CDSS, through structured interviews of prescribing clinicians (N = 47). Study 2 carried out computational modelling of prescribing clinicians’ (N = 12) decision strategies based on social judgment theory. Study 3 was a vignette study of prescribing clinicians’ (N = 18) willingness to change treatment based on either self-reported symptoms data, devices-generated symptoms data or combinations of both. Results Study 1 indicated that system development should move away from the traditional silos of ‘motor’ and ‘non-motor’ symptom evaluations and suggest that presenting data on symptoms according to goal-based domains would be the most beneficial approach, the most important being patients’ overall Quality of Life (QoL). The computational modelling in Study 2 extrapolated different factor combinations when making judgements about different questions. Study 3 indicated that the clinicians were equally likely to change the care plan based on information about the change in the patient’s condition from the patient’s self-report and the wearable devices. Conclusions Based on our approach, we could formulate the following principles of mHealth design: 1) enabling shared decision making between the clinician, patient and the carer; 2) flexibility that accounts for diagnostic and treatment variation among clinicians; 3) monitoring of information integration from multiple sources. Our approach highlighted the central importance of the patient-clinician relationship in clinical decision making and the relevance of theoretical as opposed to algorithm (technology)-based modelling of human judgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Timotijevic
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - C E Hodgkins
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - A Banks
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - P Rusconi
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - B Egan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - M Peacock
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - E Seiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Bournemouth, Bournemouth, UK
| | - M M L Touray
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - H Gage
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - C Pellicano
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Fondanzione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - G Spalletta
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Fondanzione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - F Assogna
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Fondanzione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - M Giglio
- Fondanzione Ospedale San Camillo (I.R.C.C.S.), Parkinson's Department Institute of Neurology, Venice, Italy
| | - A Marcante
- Fondanzione Ospedale San Camillo (I.R.C.C.S.), Parkinson's Department Institute of Neurology, Venice, Italy
| | - G Gentile
- Fondanzione Ospedale San Camillo (I.R.C.C.S.), Parkinson's Department Institute of Neurology, Venice, Italy
| | - I Cikajlo
- University Rehabilitation Institute, Republic of Slovenia, Soča, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - D Gatsios
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - S Konitsiotis
- Nurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - D Fotiadis
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Piras F, Piras F, Banaj N, Ciullo V, Vecchio D, Edden RAE, Spalletta G. Cerebellar GABAergic correlates of cognition-mediated verbal fluency in physiology and schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 139:582-594. [PMID: 30887499 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Defective cerebellar GABAergic inhibitory control may participate to the cognitive impairments seen in SZ. We tested the prediction of a model for the relationship between cerebellar GABA concentration and the associative/executive processes required by verbal fluency in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and matched healthy controls (HC). METHOD Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of GABA was performed using a 3 Tesla scanner and verbal fluency assessed by the Controlled Word (WFT) and Semantic (SFT) Fluency tests. Cerebellar GABA measurements were obtained using the MEGA-PRESS acquisition sequence. Linear correlations between cerebellar GABA levels and the WFT, SFT score were performed to test differences between correlation coefficients of SZ and HC. Quantile regressions between GABA levels and the WFT score were performed. RESULTS Higher cerebellar GABA concentration was associated in SZ with lower phonemic fluency and reduced number of switches among subcategories as opposed to what observed in HC (with higher cerebellar GABA associated with higher number of words and phonemic switches). GABA levels explained phonemic fluency in SZ performing above the group mean. CONCLUSION Studying cerebellar GABA provides a valid heuristic to explore the molecular mechanisms of SZ. This is crucial for developing pharmacological treatments to improve cognition and functional recovery in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Piras
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - F Piras
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - N Banaj
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - V Ciullo
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - D Vecchio
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - R A E Edden
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G Spalletta
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Beth K. and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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6
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Kelly S, Jahanshad N, Zalesky A, Kochunov P, Agartz I, Alloza C, Andreassen OA, Arango C, Banaj N, Bouix S, Bousman CA, Brouwer RM, Bruggemann J, Bustillo J, Cahn W, Calhoun V, Cannon D, Carr V, Catts S, Chen J, Chen JX, Chen X, Chiapponi C, Cho KK, Ciullo V, Corvin AS, Crespo-Facorro B, Cropley V, De Rossi P, Diaz-Caneja CM, Dickie EW, Ehrlich S, Fan FM, Faskowitz J, Fatouros-Bergman H, Flyckt L, Ford JM, Fouche JP, Fukunaga M, Gill M, Glahn DC, Gollub R, Goudzwaard ED, Guo H, Gur RE, Gur RC, Gurholt TP, Hashimoto R, Hatton SN, Henskens FA, Hibar DP, Hickie IB, Hong LE, Horacek J, Howells FM, Hulshoff Pol HE, Hyde CL, Isaev D, Jablensky A, Jansen PR, Janssen J, Jönsson EG, Jung LA, Kahn RS, Kikinis Z, Liu K, Klauser P, Knöchel C, Kubicki M, Lagopoulos J, Langen C, Lawrie S, Lenroot RK, Lim KO, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Lyall A, Magnotta V, Mandl RCW, Mathalon DH, McCarley RW, McCarthy-Jones S, McDonald C, McEwen S, McIntosh A, Melicher T, Mesholam-Gately RI, Michie PT, Mowry B, Mueller BA, Newell DT, O'Donnell P, Oertel-Knöchel V, Oestreich L, Paciga SA, Pantelis C, Pasternak O, Pearlson G, Pellicano GR, Pereira A, Pineda Zapata J, Piras F, Potkin SG, Preda A, Rasser PE, Roalf DR, Roiz R, Roos A, Rotenberg D, Satterthwaite TD, Savadjiev P, Schall U, Scott RJ, Seal ML, Seidman LJ, Shannon Weickert C, Whelan CD, Shenton ME, Kwon JS, Spalletta G, Spaniel F, Sprooten E, Stäblein M, Stein DJ, Sundram S, Tan Y, Tan S, Tang S, Temmingh HS, Westlye LT, Tønnesen S, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Doan NT, Vaidya J, van Haren NEM, Vargas CD, Vecchio D, Velakoulis D, Voineskos A, Voyvodic JQ, Wang Z, Wan P, Wei D, Weickert TW, Whalley H, White T, Whitford TJ, Wojcik JD, Xiang H, Xie Z, Yamamori H, Yang F, Yao N, Zhang G, Zhao J, van Erp TGM, Turner J, Thompson PM, Donohoe G. Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1261-1269. [PMID: 29038599 PMCID: PMC5984078 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The regional distribution of white matter (WM) abnormalities in schizophrenia remains poorly understood, and reported disease effects on the brain vary widely between studies. In an effort to identify commonalities across studies, we perform what we believe is the first ever large-scale coordinated study of WM microstructural differences in schizophrenia. Our analysis consisted of 2359 healthy controls and 1963 schizophrenia patients from 29 independent international studies; we harmonized the processing and statistical analyses of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data across sites and meta-analyzed effects across studies. Significant reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) in schizophrenia patients were widespread, and detected in 20 of 25 regions of interest within a WM skeleton representing all major WM fasciculi. Effect sizes varied by region, peaking at (d=0.42) for the entire WM skeleton, driven more by peripheral areas as opposed to the core WM where regions of interest were defined. The anterior corona radiata (d=0.40) and corpus callosum (d=0.39), specifically its body (d=0.39) and genu (d=0.37), showed greatest effects. Significant decreases, to lesser degrees, were observed in almost all regions analyzed. Larger effect sizes were observed for FA than diffusivity measures; significantly higher mean and radial diffusivity was observed for schizophrenia patients compared with controls. No significant effects of age at onset of schizophrenia or medication dosage were detected. As the largest coordinated analysis of WM differences in a psychiatric disorder to date, the present study provides a robust profile of widespread WM abnormalities in schizophrenia patients worldwide. Interactive three-dimensional visualization of the results is available at www.enigma-viewer.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kelly
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA. E-mail:
| | - N Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - A Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - P Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - I Agartz
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Alloza
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - C Arango
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - S Bouix
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C A Bousman
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Bruggemann
- Neuroscience Research Australia and School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Bustillo
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - W Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V Calhoun
- The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA,The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - D Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - V Carr
- Neuroscience Research Australia and School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Catts
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - J Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J-x Chen
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - X Chen
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Kl K Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - V Ciullo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - A S Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Crespo-Facorro
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain,CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - V Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - P De Rossi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy,Department NESMOS, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University ‘Sapienza’ of Rome, Rome, Italy,Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C M Diaz-Caneja
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - E W Dickie
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital C.G. Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - F-m Fan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - J Faskowitz
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - H Fatouros-Bergman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Flyckt
- University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, NSW, Australia,The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute and Centre for Advanced Imaging, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - J M Ford
- University of California, VAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J-P Fouche
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - M Gill
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D C Glahn
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R Gollub
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E D Goudzwaard
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - H Guo
- Zhumadian Psychiatry Hospital, Henan Province, China
| | - R E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T P Gurholt
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Hashimoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - S N Hatton
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - F A Henskens
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia,Health Behaviour Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - D P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - I B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - L E Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Horacek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F M Howells
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - H E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C L Hyde
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D Isaev
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - A Jablensky
- University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - P R Jansen
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Janssen
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E G Jönsson
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L A Jung
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - R S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Z Kikinis
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Liu
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - P Klauser
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia,Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Knöchel
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - M Kubicki
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Lagopoulos
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast QLD, Australia, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C Langen
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Lawrie
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R K Lenroot
- Neuroscience Research Australia and School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K O Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - C Lopez-Jaramillo
- Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Mood Disorder Program, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
| | - A Lyall
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - R C W Mandl
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D H Mathalon
- University of California, VAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - S McCarthy-Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - S McEwen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - T Melicher
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R I Mesholam-Gately
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess, Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P T Michie
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia and Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane and Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - B A Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D T Newell
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P O'Donnell
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - V Oertel-Knöchel
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - L Oestreich
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia and Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane and Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S A Paciga
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Centre for Neural Engineering (CfNE), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - O Pasternak
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - G R Pellicano
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - A Pereira
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - F Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - S G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - A Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - P E Rasser
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - D R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Roiz
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain,CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - A Roos
- SU/UCT MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - D Rotenberg
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P Savadjiev
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - U Schall
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - R J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - M L Seal
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - L J Seidman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess, Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Shannon Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C D Whelan
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - M E Shenton
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J S Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy,Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F Spaniel
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E Sprooten
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Stäblein
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - D J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Department of Psychiatry and MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Sundram
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University and Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Y Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - S Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - S Tang
- Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - H S Temmingh
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L T Westlye
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Tønnesen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - D Tordesillas-Gutierrez
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain,Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - N T Doan
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Vaidya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - N E M van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C D Vargas
- Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - D Vecchio
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - D Velakoulis
- Neuropsychiatry Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - A Voineskos
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Q Voyvodic
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Z Wang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - P Wan
- Zhumadian Psychiatry Hospital, Henan Province, China
| | - D Wei
- Luoyang Fifth People's Hospital, Henan Province, China
| | - T W Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - H Whalley
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T White
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T J Whitford
- University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J D Wojcik
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess, Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Xiang
- Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Z Xie
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - H Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - F Yang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - N Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - G Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Zhao
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University and Key Laboratory for Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - T G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - J Turner
- Psychology Department & Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - P M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - G Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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7
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Tondo L, Vázquez GH, Baethge C, Baronessa C, Bolzani L, Koukopoulos A, Mazzarini L, Murru A, Pacchiarotti I, Pinna M, Salvatore P, Sani G, Selle V, Spalletta G, Girardi P, Tohen M, Vieta E, Baldessarini RJ. Comparison of psychotic bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia: an international, multisite study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 133:34-43. [PMID: 26096273 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nosological distinctions among schizoaffective disorder (SA), bipolar I disorder with psychotic features (BDp), and schizophrenia (SZ) remain unresolved. METHOD We compared 2269 subjects with psychotic features in DSM-IV-TR diagnoses (1435 BDp, 463 SZ, 371 SA) from 8 collaborating international sites, by 12 sociodemographic and clinical measures, all between diagnostic pairs. RESULTS In bivariate comparisons, SA was consistently intermediate between BDp and SZ for 11/12 features (except onset stressors), and SZ vs. BDp differed in all 12 factors. SA differed from both BDp and SZ in 9/12 factors: SA and BDp were similar in education and suicidal ideation or acts; SA and SZ were similar in education, onset stressors, and substance abuse. Meta-analytic comparisons of diagnostic pairs for 10 categorical factors indicated similar differences of SA from both SZ and BDp. Multivariate modeling indicated significantly independent differences between BDp and SZ (8 factors), SA vs. SZ (5), and BDp vs. SA (3). Measurement variance was similar for all diagnoses. CONCLUSION SA was consistently intermediate between BDp and SZ. The three diagnostic groups ranked: BDp > SA > SZ related to lesser morbidity or disability. The findings are not consistent with a dyadic Kraepelinian categorization, although the considerable overlap among the three DSM-IV diagnostic groups indicates uncertain boundaries if they represent distinct disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tondo
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, International Consortium for Bipolar & Psychotic Disorder Research, Boston, MA, USA.,Lucio Bini Mood Disorder Center, Cagliari, Italy
| | - G H Vázquez
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, International Consortium for Bipolar & Psychotic Disorder Research, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Palermo University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Baethge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - C Baronessa
- Viarnetto Psychiatric Clinic, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - L Bolzani
- Viarnetto Psychiatric Clinic, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - A Koukopoulos
- NeSMOS Department, Sant'Andrea Medical Center, University of Rome (Sapienza), Rome, Italy.,Lucio Bini Mood Disorder Center, Rome, Italy
| | - L Mazzarini
- NeSMOS Department, Sant'Andrea Medical Center, University of Rome (Sapienza), Rome, Italy
| | - A Murru
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Pacchiarotti
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pinna
- Lucio Bini Mood Disorder Center, Cagliari, Italy
| | - P Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, International Consortium for Bipolar & Psychotic Disorder Research, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Sani
- NeSMOS Department, Sant'Andrea Medical Center, University of Rome (Sapienza), Rome, Italy.,Lucio Bini Mood Disorder Center, Rome, Italy
| | - V Selle
- Viarnetto Psychiatric Clinic, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - G Spalletta
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Beth K. and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P Girardi
- NeSMOS Department, Sant'Andrea Medical Center, University of Rome (Sapienza), Rome, Italy.,Lucio Bini Mood Disorder Center, Rome, Italy
| | - M Tohen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - E Vieta
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R J Baldessarini
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, International Consortium for Bipolar & Psychotic Disorder Research, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Piras F, Schiff M, Chiapponi C, Bossù P, Mühlenhoff M, Caltagirone C, Gerardy-Schahn R, Hildebrandt H, Spalletta G. Brain structure, cognition and negative symptoms in schizophrenia are associated with serum levels of polysialic acid-modified NCAM. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e658. [PMID: 26460482 PMCID: PMC4930132 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is a glycoprotein implicated in cell-cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth and synaptic plasticity. Polysialic acid (polySia) is mainly attached to NCAM (polySia-NCAM) and has an essential role in regulating NCAM-dependent developmental processes that require plasticity, that is, cell migration, axon guidance and synapse formation. Post-mortem and genetic evidence suggests that dysregulation of polySia-NCAM is involved in schizophrenia (SZ). We enrolled 45 patients diagnosed with SZ and 45 healthy individuals who were submitted to polySia-NCAM peripheral quantification, cognitive and psychopathological assessment and structural neuroimaging (brain volumes and diffusion tensor imaging). PolySia-NCAM serum levels were increased in SZ patients, independently of antipsychotic treatment, and were associated with negative symptoms, blunted affect and declarative memory impairment. The increased polySia-NCAM levels were associated with decreased volume in the left prefrontal cortex, namely Brodmann area 46, in patients and increased volume in the same brain area of healthy individuals. As this brain region is involved in the pathophysiology of SZ and its associated phenomenology, the data indicate that polySia-NCAM deserves further scrutiny because of its possible role in early neurodevelopmental mechanisms of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Piras
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - M Schiff
- Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - C Chiapponi
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - P Bossù
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - M Mühlenhoff
- Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - C Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy,Department of System Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - R Gerardy-Schahn
- Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Hildebrandt
- Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - G Spalletta
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy,Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179 Rome, Italy. E-mail:
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9
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Hammer C, Stepniak B, Schneider A, Papiol S, Tantra M, Begemann M, Sirén AL, Pardo LA, Sperling S, Mohd Jofrry S, Gurvich A, Jensen N, Ostmeier K, Lühder F, Probst C, Martens H, Gillis M, Saher G, Assogna F, Spalletta G, Stöcker W, Schulz TF, Nave KA, Ehrenreich H. Neuropsychiatric disease relevance of circulating anti-NMDA receptor autoantibodies depends on blood-brain barrier integrity. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:1143-9. [PMID: 23999527 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In 2007, a multifaceted syndrome, associated with anti-NMDA receptor autoantibodies (NMDAR-AB) of immunoglobulin-G isotype, has been described, which variably consists of psychosis, epilepsy, cognitive decline and extrapyramidal symptoms. Prevalence and significance of NMDAR-AB in complex neuropsychiatric disease versus health, however, have remained unclear. We tested sera of 2817 subjects (1325 healthy, 1081 schizophrenic, 263 Parkinson and 148 affective-disorder subjects) for presence of NMDAR-AB, conducted a genome-wide genetic association study, comparing AB carriers versus non-carriers, and assessed their influenza AB status. For mechanistic insight and documentation of AB functionality, in vivo experiments involving mice with deficient blood-brain barrier (ApoE(-/-)) and in vitro endocytosis assays in primary cortical neurons were performed. In 10.5% of subjects, NMDAR-AB (NR1 subunit) of any immunoglobulin isotype were detected, with no difference in seroprevalence, titer or in vitro functionality between patients and healthy controls. Administration of extracted human serum to mice influenced basal and MK-801-induced activity in the open field only in ApoE(-/-) mice injected with NMDAR-AB-positive serum but not in respective controls. Seropositive schizophrenic patients with a history of neurotrauma or birth complications, indicating an at least temporarily compromised blood-brain barrier, had more neurological abnormalities than seronegative patients with comparable history. A common genetic variant (rs524991, P=6.15E-08) as well as past influenza A (P=0.024) or B (P=0.006) infection were identified as predisposing factors for NMDAR-AB seropositivity. The >10% overall seroprevalence of NMDAR-AB of both healthy individuals and patients is unexpectedly high. Clinical significance, however, apparently depends on association with past or present perturbations of blood-brain barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hammer
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - B Stepniak
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Schneider
- 1] Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany [2] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany [3] German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Papiol
- 1] Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany [2] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Tantra
- 1] Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany [2] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Begemann
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A-L Sirén
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - L A Pardo
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Sperling
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Mohd Jofrry
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Gurvich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - N Jensen
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K Ostmeier
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F Lühder
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research and Hertie Foundation, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Probst
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany
| | - H Martens
- Synaptic Systems GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Gillis
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - G Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F Assogna
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - G Spalletta
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - W Stöcker
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany
| | - T F Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - K-A Nave
- 1] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany [2] Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - H Ehrenreich
- 1] Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany [2] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Papiol S, Mitjans M, Assogna F, Piras F, Hammer C, Caltagirone C, Arias B, Ehrenreich H, Spalletta G. Polygenic determinants of white matter volume derived from GWAS lack reproducibility in a replicate sample. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e362. [PMID: 24548877 PMCID: PMC3944630 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent publication reported an exciting polygenic effect of schizophrenia (SCZ) risk variants, identified by a large genome-wide association study (GWAS), on total brain and white matter volumes in schizophrenic patients and, even more prominently, in healthy subjects. The aim of the present work was to replicate and then potentially extend these findings. According to the original publication, polygenic risk scores-using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) information of SCZ GWAS-(polygenic SCZ risk scores; PSS) were calculated in 122 healthy subjects, enrolled in a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. These scores were computed based on P-values and odds ratios available through the Psychiatric GWAS Consortium. In addition, polygenic white matter scores (PWM) were calculated, using the respective SNP subset in the original publication. None of the polygenic scores, either PSS or PWM, were found to be associated with total brain, white matter or gray matter volume in our replicate sample. Minor differences between the original and the present study that might have contributed to lack of reproducibility (but unlikely explain it fully), are number of subjects, ethnicity, age distribution, array technology, SNP imputation quality and MRI scanner type. In contrast to the original publication, our results do not reveal the slightest signal of association of the described sets of GWAS-identified SCZ risk variants with brain volumes in adults. Caution is indicated in interpreting studies building on polygenic risk scores without replication sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Papiol
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mitjans
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Assogna
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Laboratorio di Neuropsichiatria, Roma, Italy
| | - F Piras
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Laboratorio di Neuropsichiatria, Roma, Italy
| | - C Hammer
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Caltagirone
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia and Tor Vergata University, Roma, Italy
| | - B Arias
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - G Spalletta
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Laboratorio di Neuropsichiatria, Roma, Italy
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Lambert JC, Ibrahim-Verbaas CA, Harold D, Naj AC, Sims R, Bellenguez C, DeStafano AL, Bis JC, Beecham GW, Grenier-Boley B, Russo G, Thorton-Wells TA, Jones N, Smith AV, Chouraki V, Thomas C, Ikram MA, Zelenika D, Vardarajan BN, Kamatani Y, Lin CF, Gerrish A, Schmidt H, Kunkle B, Dunstan ML, Ruiz A, Bihoreau MT, Choi SH, Reitz C, Pasquier F, Cruchaga C, Craig D, Amin N, Berr C, Lopez OL, De Jager PL, Deramecourt V, Johnston JA, Evans D, Lovestone S, Letenneur L, Morón FJ, Rubinsztein DC, Eiriksdottir G, Sleegers K, Goate AM, Fiévet N, Huentelman MW, Gill M, Brown K, Kamboh MI, Keller L, Barberger-Gateau P, McGuiness B, Larson EB, Green R, Myers AJ, Dufouil C, Todd S, Wallon D, Love S, Rogaeva E, Gallacher J, St George-Hyslop P, Clarimon J, Lleo A, Bayer A, Tsuang DW, Yu L, Tsolaki M, Bossù P, Spalletta G, Proitsi P, Collinge J, Sorbi S, Sanchez-Garcia F, Fox NC, Hardy J, Deniz Naranjo MC, Bosco P, Clarke R, Brayne C, Galimberti D, Mancuso M, Matthews F, Moebus S, Mecocci P, Del Zompo M, Maier W, Hampel H, Pilotto A, Bullido M, Panza F, Caffarra P, Nacmias B, Gilbert JR, Mayhaus M, Lannefelt L, Hakonarson H, Pichler S, Carrasquillo MM, Ingelsson M, Beekly D, Alvarez V, Zou F, Valladares O, Younkin SG, Coto E, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Gu W, Razquin C, Pastor P, Mateo I, Owen MJ, Faber KM, Jonsson PV, Combarros O, O'Donovan MC, Cantwell LB, Soininen H, Blacker D, Mead S, Mosley TH, Bennett DA, Harris TB, Fratiglioni L, Holmes C, de Bruijn RF, Passmore P, Montine TJ, Bettens K, Rotter JI, Brice A, Morgan K, Foroud TM, Kukull WA, Hannequin D, Powell JF, Nalls MA, Ritchie K, Lunetta KL, Kauwe JS, Boerwinkle E, Riemenschneider M, Boada M, Hiltuenen M, Martin ER, Schmidt R, Rujescu D, Wang LS, Dartigues JF, Mayeux R, Tzourio C, Hofman A, Nöthen MM, Graff C, Psaty BM, Jones L, Haines JL, Holmans PA, Lathrop M, Pericak-Vance MA, Launer LJ, Farrer LA, van Duijn CM, Van Broeckhoven C, Moskvina V, Seshadri S, Williams J, Schellenberg GD, Amouyel P. Meta-analysis of 74,046 individuals identifies 11 new susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease. Nat Genet 2013; 45:1452-8. [PMID: 24162737 PMCID: PMC3896259 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2947] [Impact Index Per Article: 267.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eleven susceptibility loci for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) were identified by previous studies; however, a large portion of the genetic risk for this disease remains unexplained. We conducted a large, two-stage meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry. In stage 1, we used genotyped and imputed data (7,055,881 SNPs) to perform meta-analysis on 4 previously published GWAS data sets consisting of 17,008 Alzheimer's disease cases and 37,154 controls. In stage 2, 11,632 SNPs were genotyped and tested for association in an independent set of 8,572 Alzheimer's disease cases and 11,312 controls. In addition to the APOE locus (encoding apolipoprotein E), 19 loci reached genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)) in the combined stage 1 and stage 2 analysis, of which 11 are newly associated with Alzheimer's disease.
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12
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Mariani S, Ventriglia M, Simonelli I, Spalletta G, Bucossi S, Siotto M, Assogna F, Melgari JM, Vernieri F, Squitti R. Effects of hemochromatosis and transferrin gene mutations on peripheral iron dyshomeostasis in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:37. [PMID: 23935582 PMCID: PMC3733023 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of iron metabolism has been observed in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. We have carried out a molecular analysis investigating the interaction between iron specific gene variants [transferrin (TF, P589S), hemochromatosis (HFE) C282Y and (H63D)], iron biochemical variables [iron, Tf, ceruloplasmin (Cp), Cp:Tf ratio and % of Tf saturation (% Tf-sat)] and apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene variants in 139 Alzheimer's disease (AD), 27 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), 78 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 139 healthy controls to investigate mechanisms of iron regulation or toxicity. No difference in genetic variant distributions between patients and controls was found in our Italian sample, but the stratification for the APOEε4 allele revealed that among the APOEε4 carriers was higher the frequency of those carriers of at least a mutated TF P589S allele. Decreased Tf in both AD and MCI and increased Cp:Tf ratio in AD vs. controls were detected. A multinomial logistic regression model revealed that increased iron and Cp:Tf ratio and being man instead of woman increased the risk of having PD, that increased values of Cp:Tf ratio corresponded to a 4-fold increase of the relative risk of having MCI, while higher Cp levels were protective for PD and MCI. Our study has some limitations: the small size of the samples, one ethnic group considered, the rarity of some alleles which prevent the statistical power of some genetic analysis. Even though they need confirmation in larger cohorts, our data suggest the hypothesis that deregulation of iron metabolism, in addition to other factors, has some effect on the PD disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mariani
- Neurology, University "Campus Biomedico" Rome, Italy
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13
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Di Paola M, Luders E, Rubino IA, Siracusano A, Manfredi G, Girardi P, Martinotti G, Thompson PM, Chou YY, Toga AW, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G. The structure of the corpus callosum in obsessive compulsive disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2012; 28:499-506. [PMID: 23078960 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal brain connectivity has recently been reported in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). However, structural differences in the corpus callosum (CC), the primary structure connecting the two hemispheres, have not been extensively studied. In this case-control study, we recruited 30 patients with OCD and 30 healthy control subjects carefully matched for age, sex and handedness. Combining surface-based mesh-modeling and voxel-based morphometry (VBM), we compared callosal thickness and white matter (WM) density in patients and controls. We investigated associations between callosal structure and cortical gray matter (GM) density, and we related CC measures to neuropsychological performance in OCD. OCD patients showed small anterior and posterior callosal regions compared to healthy control subjects. In the OCD group, anterior callosal thickness was positively correlated with GM density of the right mid-dorso-lateral prefrontal (BA 9/46) area, while posterior callosal thickness was positively correlated with GM density in the left supramarginal gyrus (BA 40). Moreover, posterior callosal WM density was positively correlated with verbal memory, visuo-spatial memory, verbal fluency, and visuo-spatial reasoning performances. Callosal attributes were related to GM density in cortical areas innervated by the CC, and were also related to performance in cognitive domains impaired in the disorder. The CC may therefore be integrally involved in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Di Paola
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67010 L'Aquila-Coppito, Italy.
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14
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Fanciulli A, Strano S, Colosimo C, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G, Pontieri FE. The potential prognostic role of cardiovascular autonomic failure in α-synucleinopathies. Eur J Neurol 2012; 20:231-5. [PMID: 22834919 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular autonomic failure is the second most common dysautonomic feature of α-synucleinopathies and has significant impact on daily activities and quality of life. Here we provide a systematic review of cardiovascular autonomic failure in α-synucleinopathies, emphasizing its impact on cognitive functions and disease outcomes. Articles spanning the period between January 1985 and April 2012 were identified from the PubMed database using a keyword-based search. Epidemiological studies highlight the negative prognostic effect of cardiovascular autonomic failure on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes and overall mortality in all α-synucleinopathies. Altered cerebral perfusion, vascular pressure stress, and related disruption of the blood-brain barrier may also contribute to the white matter hyperintensities and cognitive dysfunction frequently found in patients affected by neurocardiovascular instability. These findings support the hypothesis that cardiovascular autonomic failure may play a negative prognostic role in α-synucleinopathies and suggest that precocious screening and therapeutic management of cardiovascular autonomic failure may positively impact disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fanciulli
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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15
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Di Paola M, Luders E, Rubino IA, Siracusano A, Manfredi G, Girardi P, Martinotti G, Thompson PM, Chou YY, Toga AW, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G. WITHDRAWN: The structure of the corpus callosum in obsessive compulsive disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2012:S0924-9338(12)00015-6. [PMID: 22705034 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Di Paola
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, University of L’Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67010 L’Aquila-Coppito, Italy
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16
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Carlesimo GA, Piras F, Assogna F, Pontieri FE, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G. Hippocampal abnormalities and memory deficits in Parkinson disease: A multimodal imaging study. Neurology 2012; 78:1939-45. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318259e1c5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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17
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Genin E, Hannequin D, Wallon D, Sleegers K, Hiltunen M, Combarros O, Bullido MJ, Engelborghs S, De Deyn P, Berr C, Pasquier F, Dubois B, Tognoni G, Fiévet N, Brouwers N, Bettens K, Arosio B, Coto E, Del Zompo M, Mateo I, Epelbaum J, Frank-Garcia A, Helisalmi S, Porcellini E, Pilotto A, Forti P, Ferri R, Scarpini E, Siciliano G, Solfrizzi V, Sorbi S, Spalletta G, Valdivieso F, Vepsäläinen S, Alvarez V, Bosco P, Mancuso M, Panza F, Nacmias B, Bossù P, Hanon O, Piccardi P, Annoni G, Seripa D, Galimberti D, Licastro F, Soininen H, Dartigues JF, Kamboh MI, Van Broeckhoven C, Lambert JC, Amouyel P, Campion D. APOE and Alzheimer disease: a major gene with semi-dominant inheritance. Mol Psychiatry 2011; 16:903-7. [PMID: 21556001 PMCID: PMC3162068 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) dependent lifetime risks (LTRs) for Alzheimer Disease (AD) are currently not accurately known and odds ratios alone are insufficient to assess these risks. We calculated AD LTR in 7351 cases and 10 132 controls from Caucasian ancestry using Rochester (USA) incidence data. At the age of 85 the LTR of AD without reference to APOE genotype was 11% in males and 14% in females. At the same age, this risk ranged from 51% for APOE44 male carriers to 60% for APOE44 female carriers, and from 23% for APOE34 male carriers to 30% for APOE34 female carriers, consistent with semi-dominant inheritance of a moderately penetrant gene. Using PAQUID (France) incidence data, estimates were globally similar except that at age 85 the LTRs reached 68 and 35% for APOE 44 and APOE 34 female carriers, respectively. These risks are more similar to those of major genes in Mendelian diseases, such as BRCA1 in breast cancer, than those of low-risk common alleles identified by recent GWAS in complex diseases. In addition, stratification of our data by age groups clearly demonstrates that APOE4 is a risk factor not only for late-onset but for early-onset AD as well. Together, these results urge a reappraisal of the impact of APOE in Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Genin
- Inserm UMRS-946, Paris, France
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18
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Pellicano C, Assogna F, Piras F, Caltagirone C, Pontieri FE, Spalletta G. Regional cortical thickness and cognitive functions in non-demented Parkinson’s disease patients: a pilot study. Eur J Neurol 2011; 19:172-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Madaio RA, Spalletta G, Cravello L, Ceci M, Repetto L, Naso G. Overcoming endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2010; 10:519-28. [PMID: 20384578 DOI: 10.2174/156800910791517226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 70% of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor (ER) and endocrine therapy is the most important component of systemic therapy for hormone-responsive breast cancer. Unfortunately, endocrine-resistant ER-positive disease represents up to one-quarter of all breast cancers and a number of different mechanisms have been implicated in endocrine resistance, either intrinsic, occurring de novo at the initial exposure to endocrine therapies or acquired, occurring after an initial response to therapy. In the present work a number of molecular mechanisms accounting for intrinsic and acquired resistance to hormonal therapies have been reviewed and the most promising strategies to overcome endocrine resistance have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Madaio
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ospedale Israelitico, Rome, Italy
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20
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Di Paola M, Di Iulio F, Cherubini A, Blundo C, Casini AR, Sancesario G, Passafiume D, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G. When, where, and how the corpus callosum changes in MCI and AD: a multimodal MRI study. Neurology 2010; 74:1136-42. [PMID: 20368633 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181d7d8cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The corpus callosum (CC) has been shown to be susceptible to atrophy in Alzheimer disease (AD) as a correlate of wallerian degeneration or retrogenesis. However, when and where these 2 mechanisms intervene is still unclear. METHODS In 3 memory clinics, we recruited 38 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 38 patients with mild AD, and 40 healthy controls (HC). Combining voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging, we investigated CC white matter (WM) density and fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (DR), and axial diffusivity (DA). RESULTS Compared with HC, patients with amnestic MCI showed reduced WM density in the anterior CC subregion; however, FA, DR, and DA did not differ between the 2 groups. Significant changes were found in patients with mild AD compared with HC in the anterior and posterior CC regions. These differences were evident in both voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging analyses. Specifically, we found reduced callosal WM density in the genu, posterior body, and splenium; decreased FA and increased DR in the anterior CC subregion; and increased DA, with no difference in the FA, in the posterior CC subregion. CONCLUSIONS Callosal changes are already present in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild Alzheimer disease (AD). The precocious involvement of the anterior callosal subregion in amnestic MCI extends to posterior regions in mild AD. Two different mechanisms might contribute to the white matter changes in mild AD: wallerian degeneration in posterior subregions of the corpus callosum (suggested by increased axial diffusivity without fractional anisotropy modifications) and a retrogenesis process in the anterior callosal subregions (suggested by increased radial diffusivity without axial diffusivity modifications).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Di Paola
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Cerasa A, Cherubini A, Quattrone A, Gioia MC, Tarantino P, Annesi G, Assogna F, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G. Met158 variant of the catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype is associated with thicker cortex in adult brain. Neuroscience 2010; 167:809-14. [PMID: 20219642 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cortical thickness has been proposed as a new promising brain imaging endophenotype in elucidating the nature of gene-brain relationships. Here, we define the morphological impact of the Val(158)Met polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene on human brain anatomy. One hundred and forty-nine adult healthy subjects (mean age: 40.7+/-16.1; ranging from 19 to 76 years) were genotyped (38 in the homozygous Val(158) group; 80 in the Val(158)Met group; 31 in the homozygous Met(158) group) for the COMT polymorphism and underwent morphological examination. Surface-based analysis of the cortical mantle showed that the COMT genotype was associated with structural differences in the right superior temporal sulcus and inferior prefrontal sulcus, where the individuals carrying the Met(158) allele had a thicker cortex with respect to their Val(158) counterparts. Our study extends the previous evidence found on pediatric population to the adult population, demonstrating that the higher synaptic dopamine levels associated with the presence of the Met(158) allele may influence neuronal architecture in brain structures important for executive and emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cerasa
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy.
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22
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Peran P, Cherubini A, Demonet JF, Celsis P, Caltagirone C, Sabatini U, Spalletta G. Age-related volume shrinkage and iron concentration increase on basal ganglia and thalamus. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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23
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Orfei MD, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G. The evaluation of anosognosia in stroke patients. Cerebrovasc Dis 2009; 27:280-9. [PMID: 19202333 DOI: 10.1159/000199466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anosognosia in stroke patients showed a relevant detrimental effect on the rehabilitation course and patients' quality of life, especially in those with brain injury. Although a number of reliable scales for the assessment of anosognosia in stroke and traumatic brain injury have been developed, at present no single measure fully explores the multifaceted nature of the phenomenon. METHOD A PubMed search with appropriate terms was carried out in order to critically review the issue. RESULTS The main dimensions to consider in the investigation of anosognosia in brain-injured patients are (a) awareness of deficit and related functional implications, (b) modality specificity, (c) causal attribution, (d) expectations of recovery, (e) implicit knowledge and (f) differential diagnosis with psychological denial. Time elapsed from stroke, aetiology, laterality, aphasia and clinical complications may influence all these characteristics and must be taken into consideration. Finally, an adequate association of the anosognosia evaluation with other neuropsychological and behavioural aspects is relevant for a modern holistic approach to the patient. CONCLUSIONS This review is meant to stimulate the development of a new comprehensive assessment procedure for anosognosia in brain injury and particularly in stroke, in order to catch the multidimensionality of the phenomenon and to shape rehabilitation programmes suitable to the specific clinical features of every single patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Orfei
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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24
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Spalletta G, Ripa A, Assogna F, Pontieri F, Peppe A, Caltagirone C. Diminished libido in idiopathic Parkinson disease is related to depressive mood. Sexologies 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1158-1360(08)72618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Orfei MD, Robinson RG, Prigatano GP, Starkstein S, Rüsch N, Bria P, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G. Anosognosia for hemiplegia after stroke is a multifaceted phenomenon: a systematic review of the literature. Brain 2007; 130:3075-90. [PMID: 17533170 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awm106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anosognosia is the lack of awareness or the underestimation of a specific deficit in sensory, perceptual, motor, affective or cognitive functioning due to a brain lesion. This self-awareness deficit has been studied mainly in stroke hemiplegic patients, who may report no deficit, overestimate their abilities or deny that they are unable to move a paretic limb. In this review, a detailed search of the literature was conducted to illustrate clinical manifestations, pathogenetic models, diagnostic procedures and unresolved issues in anosognosia for motor impairment after stroke. English and French language papers spanning the period January 1990-January 2007 were selected using PubMed Services and utilizing research words stroke, anosognosia, awareness, denial, unawareness, hemiplegia. Papers reporting sign-based definitions, neurological and neuropsychological data and the results of clinical trials or historical trends in diagnosis were chosen. As a result, a very complex and multifaceted phenomenon emerges, whose variable behavioural manifestations often produce uncertainties in conceptual definitions and diagnostic procedures. Although a number of questionnaires and diagnostic methods have been developed to assess anosognosia following stroke in the last 30 years, they are often limited by insufficient discriminative power or a narrow focus on specific deficits. As a consequence, epidemiological estimates are variable and incidence rates have ranged from 7 to 77% in stroke. In addition, the pathogenesis of anosognosia is widely debated. The most recent neuropsychological models have suggested a defect in the feedforward system, while neuro-anatomical studies have consistently reported on the involvement of the right cerebral hemisphere, particularly the prefrontal and parieto-temporal cortex, as well as insula and thalamus. We highlight the need for a multidimensional assessment procedure and suggest some potentially productive directions for future research about unawareness of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Orfei
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Rome, Italy
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Spalletta G, Bossù P, Ciaramella A, Bria P, Caltagirone C, Robinson RG. The etiology of poststroke depression: a review of the literature and a new hypothesis involving inflammatory cytokines. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11:984-91. [PMID: 16894392 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although poststroke depression is unlikely to represent a single disorder and numerous etiologies for different kinds of poststroke depression will likely emerge as the result of future research, we believe that a number of poststroke depressive disorders are likely to be the result of specific changes in brain pathology and neurophysiology. Nevertheless, there are relatively few hypotheses about the pathophysiology of poststroke depression. This paper, therefore, proposes a new hypothesis for poststroke depression involving increased production of proinflammatory cytokines resulting from brain ischemia in cerebral areas linked to the pathogenesis of mood disorders. This paper reviews the evidence supporting the hypothesis that proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the occurrence of stroke as well as mood disorders linked to the brain damage. The increased production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta, TNF-alpha or IL-18 resulting from stroke may lead to an amplification of the inflammatory process, particularly in limbic areas, and widespread activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and subsequently to depletion of serotonin in paralimbic regions such as the ventral lateral frontal cortex, polar temporal cortex and basal ganglia. The resultant physiological dysfunction may lead to poststroke depression. Future investigations may explore this hypothesis through more extensive studies on the role of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1beta, TNF-alpha or even IL-18, in patients with poststroke depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Spalletta
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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Spalletta G, Bernardini S, Bellincampi L, Federici G, Trequattrini A, Caltagirone C. Delusion symptoms are associated with ApoE epsilon4 allelic variant at the early stage of Alzheimer's disease with late onset. Eur J Neurol 2006; 13:176-82. [PMID: 16490049 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with mixed cognitive and behavioural clinical manifestations. The possession of apolipoprotein-E (ApoE) epsilon4 allelic variant is one of the most important risk factors for developing late-onset AD (LOAD). In this study we analysed the relationship between the entire range of behavioural symptoms, cognitive deficit, and sociodemographic characteristics and ApoE epsilon4 allele possession with multivariate logistic regression models in LOAD patients. Patients included (n = 171) were consecutively admitted in a memory clinic for the first diagnostic visit. Levels of behaviour and cognition within the last month were assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and Mini Mental State Examination. Presence of clinically significant psychosis, delusions and hallucinations at the early stage of the illness, from the onset to the first visit, was measured with diagnostic criteria. ApoE epsilon4 allele possession was associated with increased levels of delusions within the last month from the first visit (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.01-1.50; P < 0.05) and with the presence of categorical delusions at the early stage until the first visit (OR 3.11; 95% CI 1.21-8.01; P < 0.02). In this study, which considers the entire range of behavioural expressions in LOAD patients at the early stage of the illness, the relationship between behaviour and ApoE epsilon4 allele is confirmed for delusions only.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Spalletta
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Spalletta G, Pasini A, Pau F, Guido G, Menghini L, Caltagirone C. Prefrontal blood flow dysregulation in drug naive ADHD children without structural abnormalities. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2002; 108:1203-16. [PMID: 11725823 DOI: 10.1007/s007020170010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest a role for prefrontal cortex abnormalities in the pathogenesis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We evaluated young drug-naive ADHD outpatients without MRI structural abnormalities to detect prefrontal cortex regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) functional dysregulation; correlation between age and rCBF; and correlation between symptoms profile and rCBF. Functional brain activities (i.e. rCBF), neuropsychological attention performance and symptom profile were evaluated respectively by single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) scan, Stroop Test and the Child Attention Problem Rating Scale. There was a decreased rCBF in the left dorso lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) compared to the right DLPFC of the subjects. In addition, there were positive correlations between age and relative rCBFs of the dorsolateral and orbital prefrontal cortex, and negative correlations between age and absolute rCBFs of the dorsolateral and orbital prefrontal cortex. Finally, higher levels of right relative rCBF and lower levels of left relative rCBF were predictors of higher severity of clinical symptom expression and neuropsychological attention impairment. The results of this study highlight the role of the DLPFC blood flow impairment in the pathogenesis of ADHD even in young subjects without structural abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Spalletta
- Department of Psychiatry, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stroke patients suffer from a high rate of behavioral disorders, and the laterality of the lesion may affect the expression of emotional disturbances. This study tested the hypothesis that stroke patients with a lesion in the right hemisphere are at high risk of developing alexithymic features. METHODS Forty-eight patients were interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (patient edition), the Mini-Mental State Examination, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (state form), the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (20-item version). Alexithymic differences between stroke patients with a lesion in the right hemisphere and those with a lesion in the left hemisphere were computed by analysis of covariance, using scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination, Beck Depression Inventory (psychic subscore), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory as covariates and the score on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale as the dependent variable. A multivariate analysis of covariance and a series of follow-up analyses of covariance with the same covariates were used to discriminate differences in subscores on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. An exploratory analysis of covariance was also performed to determine the effect of gender on alexithymic features in both groups of stroke patients. RESULTS The 21 stroke patients with a lesion in the right hemisphere were more alexithymic than the 27 patients with a lesion in the left hemisphere. This evidence was strengthened by the categorical analysis: 48% of the patients with a right-hemisphere lesion had alexithymia, compared with 22% of patients with a left-hemisphere lesion. Univariate analyses of covariance showed significant differences between the two groups in difficulty identifying feelings and difficulty describing feelings, but not in externally oriented thinking. The last exploratory analysis of covariance suggested that gender may influence alexithymic features. CONCLUSIONS This study provides direct evidence that alexithymia, and more specifically difficulty identifying feelings and difficulty describing feelings, is more common in stroke patients with a right-hemisphere lesion than in those with a left-hemisphere lesion. It also provides preliminary evidence that gender may affect alexithymic expression.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the symptom profile distinguishes between schizophrenic patients born in the winter and early spring and those born in other seasons. The sample consisted of 204 patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of schizophrenia who had been hospitalized for acute psychotic decompensation. Symptom ratings were based on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The use of demographic and anamnestic data as dependent variables did not detect any season-of-birth effect. In contrast, clear gender-specific differences emerged from the comparison focusing on symptom dimensions and clinical subtype. Female patients born in the winter and early spring had higher scores on the PANSS negative scale and anergia factor whereas male patients born in other seasons had higher scores on the PANSS anergia factor. In addition, we found a gender-specific association between season of birth and clinical subtype. Most paranoid female patients were born in the non-winter months whereas, among men, a slightly higher percentage of paranoid patients were born in winter months. These results suggest that gender plays a role in modulating the effect of the season of birth on symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Troisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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De Luca A, Pasini A, Amati F, Botta A, Spalletta G, Alimenti S, Caccamo F, Conti E, Trakalo J, Macciardi F, Dallapiccola B, Novelli G. Association study of a promoter polymorphism of UFD1L gene with schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet 2001; 105:529-33. [PMID: 11496370 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders are often found in patients affected by DiGeorge/velo-cardio-facial syndrome (DGS/VCFS) as a result of hemizygosity of chromosome 22q11.2. We evaluated the UFD1L gene, mapping within the DGS/VCFS region, as a potential candidate for schizophrenia susceptibility. UFD1L encodes for the ubiquitin fusion degradation 1 protein, which is expressed in the medial telencephalon during mouse development. Using case control, simplex families (trios), and functional studies, we provided evidence for association between schizophrenia and a single nucleotide functional polymorphism, -277A/G, located within the noncoding region upstream the first exon of the UFD1L gene. The results are supportive of UFD1L involvement in the neurodevelopmental origin of schizophrenia and contribute in delineating etiological and pathogenetic mechanism of the schizophrenia subtype related to 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Luca
- Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via di Tor Vergata 135, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Spalletta G, Troisi A, Alimenti S, di Michele F, Pau F, Pasini A, Caltagirone C. Reduced prefrontal cognitive activation associated with aggression in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2001; 50:134-5. [PMID: 11426431 DOI: 10.1016/s0920-9964(00)00164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ströhle A, Pasini A, Romeo E, Hermann B, Spalletta G, di Michele F, Holsboer F, Rupprecht R. Fluoxetine decreases concentrations of 3 alpha, 5 alpha-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) in major depression. J Psychiatr Res 2000; 34:183-6. [PMID: 10867112 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3956(00)00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence for a differential alteration in the concentrations of 3 alpha-reduced neuroactive steroids in major depression. Because it has been suggested that fluoxetine may shift the activity of the 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase towards the reductive direction, treatment of major depression may be accompanied by a further increase in plasma 3 alpha, 5 alpha-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) concentration. We studied eight male depressed patients before and after treatment with fluoxetine and compared them to healthy age-matched control subjects. Blood samples were quantified for 3 alpha, 5 alpha-tetrahydroprogesterone, 3 alpha,5 beta-tetrahydroprogesterone (THP) and THDOC by means of a highly sensitive combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Compared to control subjects, concentrations of THDOC were higher in depressed patients and decreased after fluoxetine treatment. In contrast, THP concentrations were lower in depressed patients and increased after fluoxetine treatment. Our results give further evidence for a disequilibrium of 3 alpha-reduced neuroactive steroids in major depression, which is normalized by treatment with fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ströhle
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804, Munich, Germany.
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Ströhle A, Romeo E, Hermann B, Pasini A, Spalletta G, di Michele F, Holsboer F, Rupprecht R. Concentrations of 3 alpha-reduced neuroactive steroids and their precursors in plasma of patients with major depression and after clinical recovery. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 45:274-7. [PMID: 10023501 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is preclinical and clinical evidence that plasma concentrations of 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one (3 alpha,5 alpha-tetrahydroprogesterone; 3 alpha,5 alpha-THP), a neuroactive steroid that is a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor, are altered in depression and normalize as a result of antidepressant treatment. However, no data are available on the concentrations of 3 alpha,21-dihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one (3 alpha,5 alpha-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone; 3 alpha,5 alpha-THDOC), another GABA ergic neuroactive steroid, in depression. METHODS We studied nine depressed patients before and after treatment with various antidepressants and compared them to healthy matched control subjects. Blood samples were quantified by means of a highly sensitive combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS Compared to control subjects, plasma concentrations of 3 alpha,5 alpha-THDOC and its precursor 5 alpha-dihydrodeoxycorticosterone (5 alpha-DHDOC) were increased in depressed patients and were not significantly influenced by antidepressant treatment. However, 3 alpha,5 alpha-THP plasma concentrations were decreased in depression and clinically effective antidepressant treatment was accompanied by an increase of 3 alpha,5 alpha-THP concentrations in these patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide the first evidence for a differential alteration in the plasma concentrations of the 3 alpha-reduced neuroactive steroids 3 alpha,5 alpha-THDOC and 3 alpha,5 alpha-THP in major depression, which is only partially reversed by successful antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ströhle
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Rupprecht R, Ströhle A, Hermann B, di Michele F, Spalletta G, Pasini A, Holsboer F, Romeo E. Neuroactive steroid concentrations following metyrapone administration in depressed patients and healthy volunteers. Biol Psychiatry 1998; 44:912-4. [PMID: 9807647 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that treatment with the 11 beta-hydroxylase inhibitor metyrapone may represent an alternative treatment strategy in major depression. As a consequence of inhibition of cortisol synthesis the overdrive of corticotropin leads to an accumulation of precursor steroids. However, the effects of metyrapone on the concentrations of endogenous neuroactive steroids that modulate ion channels, e.g., the GABAA receptor, have not yet been studied systematically. METHODS Therefore, we quantified the concentrations of an array of neuroactive steroids following administration of 1.5 g metyrapone before and after pretreatment with 1 mg dexamethasone in 19 patients suffering from severe depression in comparison to 13 healthy controls by means of a highly sensitive gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS The administration of metyrapone induced a pronounced increase in all neuroactive steroids studied both in patients and controls that was prevented by dexamethasone pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the psychotropic properties of endogenous neuroactive steroids may contribute to the antidepressant properties of metyrapone in the treatment of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rupprecht
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, Munich, Germany
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Romeo E, Ströhle A, Spalletta G, di Michele F, Hermann B, Holsboer F, Pasini A, Rupprecht R. Effects of antidepressant treatment on neuroactive steroids in major depression. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:910-3. [PMID: 9659856 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.155.7.910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is evidence from animal studies that fluoxetine may enhance the concentrations of neuroactive steroids. Therefore, the authors investigated whether clinically effective treatment with antidepressants may alter the concentrations of neuroactive steroids in patients suffering from a major depressive episode. METHOD In the first study, eight drug-naive outpatients with major depression were studied during treatment with fluoxetine. In a complementary study, 11 inpatients with major depression were studied during a severe depressive episode and after recovery following treatment with different antidepressants. Plasma samples were quantified for neuroactive steroids by means of a highly sensitive and specific combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS During depression, there was a significant decrease in 3 alpha, 5 alpha-tetrahydroprogesterone (3 alpha, 5 alpha-THP) and 3 alpha, 5 beta-THP concentrations, both of which are positive modulators of the gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor, and a concomitant increase in 3 beta, 5 alpha-THP levels. This dysequilibrium of neuroactive steroids could be corrected by treatment with different antidepressants. CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first clinical evidence of a possible role of neuroactive steroids in successful antidepressant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
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Abstract
AIM To assess the prevalence of DSM-III-R axes I and II disorders and the severity of psychiatric symptoms in cannabis users who did not use other illicit drugs. DESIGN Cross-sectional psychiatric examination of subjects with different patterns of cannabis use: cannabis dependence, abuse and occasional use. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and thirty-three cannabis users identified through random urine testing of draftees to the Italian army and interviewed after 2-5 days of abstinence from drug use. MEASUREMENTS The subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Index and the 20-item revised Toronto Alexithymia Scale and were then interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. FINDINGS The prevalence of co-morbid psychiatric disorders varied with the pattern of cannabis use: 83% of subjects with DSM-III-R cannabis dependence, 46% of those with DSM-III-R cannabis abuse and 29% of occasional users received at least one DSM-III-R psychiatric diagnosis. The severity of depressive, anxious and alexithymic symptoms increased progressively with the degree of involvement with cannabis. CONCLUSIONS In this sample of young men, the risk of associated psychiatric disabilities varied with the pattern of cannabis use. Chronic use of cannabis was associated with a high prevalence of co-morbid psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Troisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.
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Abstract
The aims of this study were (i) to define the dimensions of non-verbal behaviour which distinguish between schizophrenic patients and control subjects and (ii) to examine the relationship between patients' non-verbal behaviour and clinical symptoms. The non-verbal behaviour of 28 drug-free patients with schizophrenia according to Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) and 25 control subjects was videotaped during interviews and scored according to an ethological scoring system. Patients' symptoms were rated on the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. As a group, schizophrenic patients showed a global restriction of non-verbal expressiveness, as indicated by their lower scores on prosocial behaviour, gesture and conflict. However, some patients had normal ethological profiles. Non-verbal behaviour was largely independent of negative and positive symptoms. Deficits in non-verbal behaviour may play a role in determining or aggravating dysfunctional patterns of relating in schizophrenia. Ethological analysis provides further support for the model that conceptualizes positive symptoms, negative symptoms and disorders of social relationships as three separate dimensions of the schizophrenic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Troisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
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Spalletta G, Pasini A, De Angelis F, Troisi A. Patients with deficit, nondeficit, and negative symptom schizophrenia: do they differ during episodes of acute psychotic decompensation? Schizophr Res 1997; 24:341-8. [PMID: 9134595 DOI: 10.1016/s0920-9964(96)00124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were (1) to test the hypothesis that the clinical profiles of deficit, nondeficit, and negative symptom patients are difficult to distinguish during episodes of acute psychotic decompensation; and (2) to compare these groups of schizophrenic patients in terms of sociodemographic and anamnestic variables. Patients admitted for acute psychotic decompensation were retrospectively diagnosed as having deficit (N = 18) or nondeficit (N = 40) forms of schizophrenia and their symptom profiles were evaluated cross-sectionally by using various rating scales (SAPS, SANS, and PANSS). As a whole, nondeficit patients were clearly differentiated from deficit patients by lower severity of negative symptoms. However, the subgroup (N = 24) of nondeficit patients with prominent negative symptoms that were secondary and/or nonenduring showed a symptom profile largely overlapping with that of deficit patients. Attentional impairment was the only measure distinguishing deficit and negative symptom patients. As for trait variables, deficit patients had lower education than the other two groups and, among male subjects, there was a higher percentage of left-handers in the deficit group than in the negative symptom subgroup. These results confirm the importance of diagnosing the deficit syndrome during periods of clinical stability in order to avoid the risk of misclassifying negative symptom patients into the deficit group.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Spalletta
- Department of Psychiatry, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if the severity of paranoid/belligerence was a major determinant of neuroleptic dosage in newly admitted patients with acute or exacerbated schizophrenia. Two clinical psychiatrists, who had no clinical responsibility for drug treatment and were blind to neuroleptic dosage regimens, jointly interviewed 155 patients who were cooperative enough to be carefully interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-III-R, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Edition. The large majority of the patients were receiving moderate dosages of neuroleptics (mean peak dosage: 500 mg/day of chlorpromazine equivalents). There was a positive correlation between the score on the PANSS paranoid/belligerence cluster and the daily dosage of neuroleptic treatment. Splitting the sample by gender, the correlations remained highly significant. In a multivariate analysis controlling for the effects of other clinical variables, paranoid/belligerence and gender emerged as significant predictors of neuroleptic dosage. Clinicians prescribed lower doses of neuroleptics for female patients and higher doses for patients with higher ratings on the PANSS paranoid/belligerence cluster. These findings suggest that clinicians' strategy of increasing neuroleptic dosage at the manifestation of hostility is not limited to assaultive or uncooperative schizophrenic patients who are on very high dosages of neuroleptics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Troisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
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Romeo E, Brancati A, De Lorenzo A, Fucci P, Furnari C, Pompili E, Sasso GF, Spalletta G, Troisi A, Pasini A. Marked decrease of plasma neuroactive steroids during alcohol withdrawal. Clin Neuropharmacol 1996; 19:366-9. [PMID: 8829001 DOI: 10.1097/00002826-199619040-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The neuroactive steroids allopregnanolone (ALLO) and allotet-rahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) are the most potent endogens positive modulators of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on GABAA receptors, a receptor system presumably responsible for some behavioral responses to alcohol withdrawal. In a group of nine alcoholic subjects, the levels of plasma ALLO and THDOC were markedly lower than those of control subjects during the early withdrawal phase (day 4 and 5), when anxiety and depression scores were higher. In contrast ALLO and THDOC plasma levels did not differ from those of control subjects during the late withdrawal phase when anxiety and depression scores were low. These results suggest that the decrease of neuroactive steroid biosynthesis may contribute to the withdrawal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Romeo
- Department of Physiology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
We assessed the descriptive validity of DSM-III-R major depression (MDD), dysthymia (DD) and adjustment disorder with depressed mood (ADDM) by comparing the clinical profiles of 176 young male patients. The severity of depression increased progressively across the three diagnostic groups (ADDM < DD < MDD). Symptom presentation did not distinguish clearly between the diagnostic groups, even though somatic symptoms were more frequent among MDD patients. The prevalence of personality disorders was much higher (43%) among DD patients than among MDD (22%) and ADDM (15%) patients. The lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts differed in the three diagnostic groups (MDD 27%, DD 17%, ADDM 4%). Assessment of Axis II comorbidity and suicidal behavior can improve the diagnostic distinction between these DSM-III-R depressive illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Spalletta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Guidonia, Italy
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