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Medina-Remón A, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Pons A, Tur JA, Martorell M, Ros E, Buil-Cosiales P, Sacanella E, Covas MI, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Gómez-Gracia E, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Ortega-Calvo M, García-Valdueza M, Arós F, Saez GT, Serra-Majem L, Pinto X, Vinyoles E, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventos RM. Effects of total dietary polyphenols on plasma nitric oxide and blood pressure in a high cardiovascular risk cohort. The PREDIMED randomized trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:60-67. [PMID: 25315667 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hypertension is one of the main cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly. The aims of this work were to evaluate if a one-year intervention with two Mediterranean diets (Med-diet) could decrease blood pressure (BP) due to a high polyphenol consumption, and if the decrease in BP was mediated by plasma nitric oxide (NO) production. METHODS AND RESULTS An intervention substudy of 200 participants at high cardiovascular risk was carried out within the PREDIMED trial. They were randomly assigned to a low-fat control diet or to two Med-diets, one supplemented with extra virgin olive oil (Med-EVOO) and the other with nuts (Med-nuts). Anthropometrics and clinical parameters were measured at baseline and after one year of intervention, as well as BP, plasma NO and total polyphenol excretion (TPE) in urine samples. Systolic and diastolic BP decreased significantly after a one-year dietary intervention with Med-EVOO and Med-nuts. These changes were associated with a significant increase in TPE and plasma NO. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between changes in urinary TPE, a biomarker of TP intake, and in plasma NO (Beta = 4.84; 95% CI: 0.57-9.10). CONCLUSIONS TPE in spot urine sample was positively correlated with plasma NO in Med-diets supplemented with either EVOO or nuts. The statistically significant increases in plasma NO were associated with a reduction in systolic and diastolic BP levels, adding to the growing evidence that polyphenols might protect the cardiovascular system by improving the endothelial function and enhancing endothelial synthesis of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Medina-Remón
- Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain; CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain
| | - A Tresserra-Rimbau
- CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Pons
- CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain; Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - J A Tur
- CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain; Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - M Martorell
- CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain; Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - E Ros
- CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain; Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Buil-Cosiales
- CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, and Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, Pamplona, Spain
| | - E Sacanella
- Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain; CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain
| | - M I Covas
- CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM-Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Corella
- CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Nutrition and Food Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - J Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain; Human Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, IISPV, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - E Gómez-Gracia
- CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Spain
| | - V Ruiz-Gutiérrez
- CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain; Nutrition and Lipids Metabolism, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Ortega-Calvo
- CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain; Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, Esperanza Macarena Health Center, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M García-Valdueza
- CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain; Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut(IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - F Arós
- CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain; Clinical Trials Unit, Hospital Universitario de Araba(HUA), Vitoria, Spain
| | - G T Saez
- CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Service of Clinical Analysis, Hospital General Universitario, Universitat de Valencia, Spain
| | - L Serra-Majem
- CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences of Las Palmas, IUIBS, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - X Pinto
- CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain; Lipid and Vascular Risk Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Vinyoles
- CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain; Mina Primary Care Center, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain; CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain
| | - R M Lamuela-Raventos
- CIBER: CB06/03, CB12/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición(CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII), Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Tresserra-Rimbau A, Rimm EB, Medina-Remón A, Martínez-González MA, de la Torre R, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Gómez-Gracia E, Lapetra J, Arós F, Fiol M, Ros E, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Saez GT, Basora J, Sorlí JV, Martínez JA, Vinyoles E, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Inverse association between habitual polyphenol intake and incidence of cardiovascular events in the PREDIMED study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:639-647. [PMID: 24552647 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Epidemiologic and biological evidence supports an inverse association between polyphenol consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, no previous studies have prospectively evaluated the relationship between polyphenol intake and the incidence of CVD in such a comprehensive way. The aim was to evaluate the association between intakes of total polyphenol and polyphenol subgroups, and the risk of major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke or death from cardiovascular causes) in the PREDIMED study. METHODS AND RESULTS The present work is an observational study within the PREDIMED trial. Over an average of 4.3 years of follow-up, there were 273 confirmed cases of CVD among the 7172 participants (96.3%) who completed a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline. Polyphenol consumption was calculated by matching food consumption data from the FFQ with the Phenol-Explorer database on polyphenol content of each reported food. After multivariate adjustment, a 46% reduction in risk of CVD risk was observed comparing Q5 vs. Q1 of total polyphenol intake (HR = 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.33-0.91; P-trend = 0.04). The polyphenols with the strongest inverse associations were flavanols (HR = 0.40; CI 0.23-0.72; P-trend = 0.003), lignans (HR = 0.51; CI 0.30-0.86; P-trend = 0.007), and hydroxybenzoic acids (HR = 0.47; CI 0.26-0.86; P-trend 0.02). CONCLUSION Greater intake of polyphenols, especially from lignans, flavanols, and hydroxybenzoic acids, was associated with decreased CVD risk. Clinical trials are needed to confirm this effect and establish accurate dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tresserra-Rimbau
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - E B Rimm
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Medina-Remón
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - M A Martínez-González
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - R de la Torre
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Municipal Institute for Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Human Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, IISPV, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - E Gómez-Gracia
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - J Lapetra
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain
| | - F Arós
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - M Fiol
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - E Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Serra-Majem
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - X Pintó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Lipid Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, FIPEC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G T Saez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Basora
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Primary Care Division, Catalan Institute of Health, Institut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol, Reus, Spain
| | - J V Sorlí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Valencian Institute of Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - J A Martínez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - E Vinyoles
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; La Mina Primary Care Center, UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Ruiz-Gutiérrez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Nutrition and Lipids Metabolism, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - R Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R M Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain.
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Tresserra-Rimbau A, Medina-Remón A, Pérez-Jiménez J, Martínez-González MA, Covas MI, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Gómez-Gracia E, Lapetra J, Arós F, Fiol M, Ros E, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Muñoz MA, Saez GT, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Warnberg J, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Dietary intake and major food sources of polyphenols in a Spanish population at high cardiovascular risk: the PREDIMED study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:953-959. [PMID: 23332727 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Epidemiological data have shown an inverse association between the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods and the risk of cardiovascular disease or overall mortality. A comprehensive estimation of individual polyphenol intake in nutritional cohorts is needed to gain a better understanding of this association. The aim of this study was to estimate the quantitative intake of polyphenols and the major dietary sources in the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) cohort using individual food consumption records. METHODS AND RESULTS The PREDIMED study is a large, parallel-group, multicentre, randomised, controlled 5-year feeding trial aimed at assessing the effects of the Mediterranean diet on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. A total of 7200 participants, aged 55-80 years, completed a validated 1-year food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline. Polyphenol consumption was calculated by matching food consumption data from the FFQ with the recently developed Phenol-Explorer database on polyphenol content in foods. The mean total polyphenol intake was 820 ± 323 mg day⁻¹ (443 ± 218 mg day⁻¹ of flavonoids and 304 ± 156 mg day⁻¹ of phenolic acids). Hydroxycinnamic acids were the phenolic group with the highest consumption and 5-caffeoylquinic acid was the most abundantly ingested individual polyphenol. The consumption of olives and olive oil was a differentiating factor in the phenolic profile of this Spanish population compared with other countries. CONCLUSION In Mediterranean countries, such as Spain, the main dietary source of polyphenols is coffee and fruits, but the most important differentiating factor with respect to other countries is the consumption of polyphenols from olives and olive oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tresserra-Rimbau
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Madrid, Spain; RETICS RD06/0045, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Medina-Remón A, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Arranz S, Ros E, Martínez-González MA, Sacanella E, Covas MI, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Gómez-Gracia E, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Lapetra J, García-Valdueza M, Arós F, Saez GT, Serra-Majem L, Pinto X, Vinyoles E, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventos RM. Gazpacho consumption is associated with lower blood pressure and reduced hypertension in a high cardiovascular risk cohort. Cross-sectional study of the PREDIMED trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:944-952. [PMID: 23149074 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hypertension is a major public health problem and a leading cause of death and disability in both developed and developing countries, affecting one-quarter of the world's adult population. Our aim was to evaluate whether the consumption of gazpacho, a Mediterranean vegetable-based cold soup rich in phytochemicals, is associated with lower blood pressure (BP) and/or reduced prevalence of hypertension in individuals at high cardiovascular risk. METHODS AND RESULTS We selected 3995 individuals (58% women, mean age 67 y) at high cardiovascular risk (81% hypertensive) recruited into the PREDIMED study. BP, weight, and dietary and physical activity data were collected. In multivariate linear regression analyses, after adjustment, moderate and high gazpacho consumption categories were associated with reduced mean systolic BP of -1.9 mm Hg [95% confidence interval (CI): -3.4; -0.6] and -2.6 mm Hg (CI: -4.2; -1.0), respectively, and reduced diastolic BP of -1.5 mm Hg (CI: -2.3; -0.6) and -1.9 mm Hg (CI: -2.8; -1.1). By multiple-adjusted logistic regression analysis, gazpacho consumption was associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension, with OR = 0.85 (CI: 0.73; 0.99) for each 250 g/week increase and OR = 0.73 (CI: 0.55; 0.98) for high gazpacho consumption groups compared to the no-consumption group. CONCLUSIONS Gazpacho consumption was inversely associated with systolic and diastolic BP and prevalence of hypertension in a cross-sectional Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. The association between gazpacho intake and reduction of BP is probably due to synergy among several bioactive compounds present in the vegetable ingredients used to make the recipe.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Medina-Remón
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA. Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Spain; CIBER:CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain; RETICS RD06/0045, ISCIII, Spain
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Medina-Remón A, Zamora-Ros R, Rotchés-Ribalta M, Andres-Lacueva C, Martínez-González MA, Covas MI, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Gómez-Gracia E, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, García de la Corte FJ, Fiol M, Pena MA, Saez GT, Ros E, Serra-Majem L, Pinto X, Warnberg J, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventos RM. Total polyphenol excretion and blood pressure in subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 21:323-331. [PMID: 20167460 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dietary factors are critical for the prevention and treatment of hypertension, but data on the effects of specific nutrients on blood pressure (BP) are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between total polyphenol excretion (TPE) in urine, as an objective measurement of total polyphenol intake and BP in an elderly population at high cardiovascular risk. METHODS AND RESULTS Cross-sectional substudy of 589 high-risk participants entering in the PREDIMED trial. BP was measured and TPE was determined in urine by Folin-Ciocalteu assay. A significant positive association was observed between TPE in urine and daily intake of fruit and vegetables (F&V), coffee or wine after adjusting for potential confounders. The intake of 100 g of F&V (Beta=0.150;P<0.001) had a greater contribution to TPE than 100 mL of coffee (Beta=0.141;P=0.001), and the latter two foods contributed more than the consumption of 100 mL of wine (Beta=0.120;P=0.019). An inverse association was observed between urinary TPE and the prevalence of hypertension. Participants in the highest quartile of urinary TPE had a reduced prevalence of hypertension compared to those in the lowest quartile (Odds Ratio=0.64; 95% confidence interval 0.45 to 0.92; P=0.015). Systolic and diastolic BP were inversely associated with urinary TPE after adjustment for potential confounders (P=0.024 and P=0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Polyphenol intake, assessed via TPE in urine, was negatively associated with BP levels and prevalence of hypertension in an elderly Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. Participants with the highest intake of polyphenol-rich foods showed the lowest BP measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Medina-Remón
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Weinbrenner T, Fitó M, Farré Albaladejo M, Saez GT, Rijken P, Tormos C, Coolen S, De La Torre R, Covas MI. Bioavailability of phenolic compounds from olive oil and oxidative/antioxidant status at postprandial state in healthy humans. Drugs Exp Clin Res 2004; 30:207-12. [PMID: 15700748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil phenolic compounds are generally believed to have beneficial antioxidant effects, but little is known about characteristics of their postprandial bioavailability in natural olive oil at real-life doses. The aim of the present study was to determine the concentrations of olive oil phenolic compounds in urine collected over 24 h (24-h urine) after a bolus ingestion of 25 ml of olive oil with different phenolic content, and to demonstrate the effect of this real-life olive oil dose on postprandial levels of blood lipids and oxidative stress biomarkers, as well as to examine the beneficial effects of olive oil phenols. Oral fat loads of 25 ml olive oil with high, moderate, and low phenolic content were administered to 12 healthy male volunteers in a randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol were absorbed in a dose-dependent manner according to the phenolic content of the olive oil administered. The administered dose of 25 ml, which is close to that used daily in Mediterranean countries, did not induce significant postprandial lipemia nor did it promote an increase of in vivo oxidation markers. With regard to plasma antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase activity decreased postprandially after low phenolic content olive oil ingestion; however this was not observed after intake of moderate and high phenolic content olive oils. The phenolic content of the olive oils administered may account for the protection of the endogenous antioxidant defenses at postprandial state after ingestion of moderate and high phenolic content olive oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Weinbrenner
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Medical Investigation, Barcelona, Spain
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Mojena M, Hortelano S, Castrillo A, Diaz-Guerra MJ, Garcia-Barchino MJ, Saez GT, Bosca L. Protection by nitric oxide against liver inflammatory injury in animals carrying a nitric oxide synthase-2 transgene. FASEB J 2001; 15:583-5. [PMID: 11259374 DOI: 10.1096/fj.00-0509fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of pre-existent hepatic NO synthesis on liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide was studied in animals carrying a nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2) transgene under the control of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) promoter. These animals expressed NOS-2 in liver cells under fasting conditions. Lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in D-galactosamine-conditioned mice, which enhanced notably the effect of the endotoxin on the liver, was impaired in animals expressing NOS-2. This protection against inflammatory liver damage was dependent on NO synthesis and was caused by an inhibition of nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) activity and an impairment of the synthesis of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin 1b. These data indicate that intrahepatic synthesis of NO protects liver by inhibiting the release of cascades of proinflammatory mediators and suggest a beneficial role for local delivery of NO in the control of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mojena
- Centro de Investigación Básica de España (CIBE), Merck Sharp & Dohme, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Abstract
Many human cancers present deletions of the short arm of chromosome 17, which includes the TP53 locus. We detected a new polymorphism in intron 2 of the TP53 gene using PCR-SSCP and used this polymorphic site as a marker to detect loss of heterozygosity in 135 human tumors (73 soft tissue sarcomas, and 48 colorectal and 14 bladder carcinomas). Heterozygosity for this site was 41.5% in this study group and tumor-specific loss of alleles occurred in 43% of informative cases. Allelic losses were more frequently detected at this site than at that in which restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is located, as detected by the pHp53B probe. It is concluded that this novel approach has several advantages, including detection of a high incidence of informative cases and minimal tissue requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Oliva
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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9
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Cordon-Cardo C, Dalbagni G, Saez GT, Oliva MR, Zhang ZF, Rosai J, Reuter VE, Pellicer A. p53 mutations in human bladder cancer: genotypic versus phenotypic patterns. Int J Cancer 1994; 56:347-53. [PMID: 7906253 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910560309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the pattern of p53 mutations in bladder cancer. The sensitivity and specificity to detect these mutations using clinical material was assessed for the following assays: immunohistochemistry, restriction-fragment-length polymorphism, single-strand-conformation polymorphism, and sequencing. Discrepancies of reported results aimed at the identification of genetic alterations in the p53 gene may be due to differences in methodology, as well as to deficient morphological evaluation of the source of tissue utilized. In order to address these critical issues, we have implemented a novel experimental design that permits analysis by molecular genetics and immunopathology techniques in any given tissue specimen, allowing morphological correlation with genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the tissue analyzed. Forty-two patients affected with bladder tumors in whom paired normal and tumor tissues were available were used for the present study. Nuclear immunoreactivities were observed in 26 out of 42 bladder tumors analyzed. Abnormal shifts in mobility were noted in 14 of the 42 cases in distinct exons, with one tumor revealing 3 mutations. There was a strong association between p53 nuclear over-expression and 17p LOH, as well as p53 nuclear over-expression and detection of mutations by SSCP and sequencing. According to receiver-operating-curve statistical analysis, the accuracy of detecting p53 mutations by IHC was estimated to be 90.3%. It is our conclusion that, when properly used, this is a highly sensitive and specific method with simple application using clinical material.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021
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10
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Abstract
To assess the generality of the hypothesis that murine double-minute-2 (MDM-2) gene amplification complements the absence of p53 mutation during tumor development, we analyzed 143 murine tumors induced by a variety of carcinogenic agents in two different mouse strains. Only three of 143 tumors showed p53 genetic alterations and none showed MDM-2 amplification, indicating the existence of alternative pathways that permit tumor cells to bypass p53-MDM-2 control.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Saez
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016
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11
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Jordá A, Portolés M, Guasch R, Bernal D, Saez GT. Effect of caffeine on urea biosynthesis and some related processes, ketone bodies, ATP and liver amino acids. Biochem Pharmacol 1989; 38:2727-32. [PMID: 2764993 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(89)90560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An increase in urea synthesis has been found in rats administered large doses of caffeine. A parallel increase in urea biosynthesis was also found in hepatocytes isolated from caffeine-treated rats, which confirms a greater capacity for urea synthesis induced by caffeine. This increase appeared only after some days of caffeine treatment; during the first days there was no increase in serum urea levels or in in vitro studies of urea synthesis in isolated hepatocytes. However, no appreciable changes were found in either cytosolic or mitochondrial redox states, or in ATP levels in in vivo and in vitro studies. A parallelism was observed between the decreased amino acid levels in caffeine-treated rats and in isolated hepatocytes incubated with different concentrations of caffeine. Several possible mechanisms to explain these findings are considered in the discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jordá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Citológicas de la Caja de Ahorros de Valencia (Centro Asociado al C.S.I.C.), Spain
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12
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Viña JR, Puertes IR, Rodriguez A, Saez GT, Viña J. Effect of fasting on amino acid metabolism by lactating mammary gland: studies in women and rats. J Nutr 1987; 117:533-8. [PMID: 3572566 DOI: 10.1093/jn/117.3.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentrations of free amino acids were measured in human milk and arterial blood from lactating women after an overnight fast or after a controlled breakfast. The concentrations of many free amino acids in milk (except L-tyrosine, L-aspartate, L-asparagine, L-glutamate and L-glutamine) were lower after an overnight fast than after breakfast. Similarly, the arterial concentrations of amino acids were lower except for L-asparagine, L-alanine, L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine. Net uptake of amino acids by the mammary gland of the lactating rat was significantly lower after starvation for 6 or 24 h than in the fed state because the arteriovenous differences of amino acids and the blood flow were significantly lowered. Starvation produced a significant decrease of 2-amino-[1-14C]isobutyric acid uptake by isolated acini from lactating rat. These results show that short-term starvation decreases the amino acid supply and transport in mammary gland as well as the free amino acid concentration in milk.
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13
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Viña JR, Puertes IR, Montoro JB, Saez GT, Viña J. Gamma-glutamyl-amino acids as signals for the hormonal regulation of amino acid uptake by the mammary gland of the lactating rat. Biol Neonate 1985; 48:250-6. [PMID: 2865983 DOI: 10.1159/000242178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The mammary gland is a good model to study the hormonal regulation of amino acid uptake. Danazol, which decreases gonadotrophin release, causes a fall in gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and in amino acid uptake by the gland. Treatment of the rats with estrogens and progesterone partially reverts this effect. Treatment with gonadotrophins completely reverts it. gamma-Glutamyl-amino acids (GAA) increase the uptake of amino acids by the mammary gland in rats previously treated with bromocriptine. We suggest that GAA may act as signals to stimulate amino acid uptake and that the role of GGT may be to generate that signal.
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14
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Abstract
Isolated hepatocytes incubated with 4mM-cysteine lose reduced glutathione, adenine nucleotides and intracellular enzymes, thus showing extensive membrane damage. The toxic effects of cysteine are enhanced by NH4Cl. Lactate, ethanol and unsaturated fatty acids afford significant protection against cysteine-induced cytoxicity. Addition of catalase to the incubation medium also protected against cysteine toxicity, indicating that H2O2 formed during the oxidation of cysteine is involved in the toxic effects observed. Under anaerobic conditions cysteine did not cause leakage of lactate dehydrogenase from cells, confirming that rapid autoxidation is an essential condition for development of the toxic effects of cysteine.
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15
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Abstract
Entry of metabolic 14CO2 into urea is shown to occur more readily than it equilibrates with the general pool of cellular plus extracellular bicarbonate plus CO2. Since the sites of CO2 production (pyruvate dehydrogenase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase) and of fixation (carbamoylphosphate synthetase) are intramitochondrial, it is likely that the fixation of CO2 is also more rapid than its equilibration with the cytoplasmic pool of bicarbonate plus CO2. This observation may point to a more general problem concerning the interpretation of isotope data, when compartmentation or proximity of sites of production and utilisation of metabolites may result in the isotope following a preferred pathway.
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16
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Viña J, Romero FJ, Saez GT, Pallardó FV. Effects of cysteine and N-acetyl cysteine on GSH content of brain of adult rats. Experientia 1983; 39:164-5. [PMID: 6832291 DOI: 10.1007/bf01958877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Intraperitoneal injections of cysteine or N-acetyl cysteine induce a depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) in rat brain. The doses required to promote GSH depletion are lower than those reported to cause a disseminate neurodegenerative syndrome. Since physiological GSH concentrations are required to maintain cell membranes, we suggest that consideration of the cysteine-induced GSH depletion is important in attempts to understand the mechanism of cysteine-induced cytotoxicity in brain.
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17
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