1
|
Lee WH, Yoon CK, Park H, Park GH, Jeong JH, Cha GD, Lee BH, Lee J, Lee CW, Bootharaju MS, Sunwoo SH, Ryu J, Lee C, Cho YJ, Nam TW, Ahn KH, Hyeon T, Seok YJ, Kim DH. Highly Efficient Nitrogen-Fixing Microbial Hydrogel Device for Sustainable Solar Hydrogen Production. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2306092. [PMID: 37739451 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of sunlight and organic carbon substrates to sustainable energy sources through microbial metabolism has great potential for the renewable energy industry. Despite recent progress in microbial photosynthesis, the development of microbial platforms that warrant efficient and scalable fuel production remains in its infancy. Efficient transfer and retrieval of gaseous reactants and products to and from microbes are particular hurdles. Here, inspired by water lily leaves floating on water, a microbial device designed to operate at the air-water interface and facilitate concomitant supply of gaseous reactants, smooth capture of gaseous products, and efficient sunlight delivery is presented. The floatable device carrying Rhodopseudomonas parapalustris, of which nitrogen fixation activity is first determined through this study, exhibits a hydrogen production rate of 104 mmol h-1 m-2 , which is 53 times higher than that of a conventional device placed at a depth of 2 cm in the medium. Furthermore, a scaled-up device with an area of 144 cm2 generates hydrogen at a high rate of 1.52 L h-1 m-2 . Efficient nitrogen fixation and hydrogen generation, low fabrication cost, and mechanical durability corroborate the potential of the floatable microbial device toward practical and sustainable solar energy conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hee Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Yoon
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseo Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Hee Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Gi Doo Cha
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Hoon Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Juri Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Megalamane S Bootharaju
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyune Ryu
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changha Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Joon Cho
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Nam
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- MightyBugs, Inc., Busan, 46918, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Ahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Jae Seok
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim JH, Park GH, Han GP, Kil DY. Effect of feeding corn distillers dried grains with solubles naturally contaminated with deoxynivalenol on growth performance, meat quality, intestinal permeability, and utilization of energy and nutrients in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101215. [PMID: 34171654 PMCID: PMC8240020 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of feeding corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) naturally contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON) on growth performance, meat quality, intestinal permeability, and utilization of energy and nutrients in broiler chickens. Two trials (growth and metabolism trials) were conducted. In the growth trial, a total of four hundred 7-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 8 replicates in a completely randomized design. The diets were formulated to contain 5 inclusion levels of 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% DON-contaminated DDGS in diets and were fed to birds for 21 d. Results indicated that increasing inclusion levels of DON-contaminated DDGS decreased (linear, P < 0.01) BW gain and feed efficiency of broiler chickens. The relative organ weights of the liver and breast were decreased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) by increasing inclusion levels of DON-contaminated DDGS in diets. The transepithelial electrical resistance values as a measure of intestinal permeability were decreased (linear, P < 0.05) by increasing inclusion levels of DON-contaminated DDGS in diets. In the metabolism trial, a total of twenty four 22-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments consisting of 0, 10, or 20% inclusion of DON-contaminated DDGS in diets. Each treatment had 8 replicates. Increasing inclusion levels of DON-contaminated DDGS in diets decreased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) MEn (AMEn and TMEn) and apparent total tract retention of nitrogen and acid-hydrolyzed ether extract in diets. In conclusion, feeding diets containing more than 10% DON-contaminated DDGS to broiler chickens has negative effects on growth performance, intestinal permeability, and utilization of energy and nutrients in diets. Therefore, it is suggested that if DDGS is contaminated with DON, inclusion level of DDGS should be limited, possibly at less than 5.0% in broiler diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - G H Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - G P Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Kil
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goo D, Kim JH, Park GH, Delos Reyes JB, Kil DY. Effect of stocking density and dietary tryptophan on growth performance and intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4504-4508. [PMID: 31329969 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present experiment was to investigate the effect of stocking density (SD) and dietary supplementation of crystalline tryptophan (Trp) on growth performance and intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens raised in a floor pen. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 different SD and 2 supplemental levels of dietary Trp. A total of 1,140 Ross 308 broiler chickens at 21 d of age were allotted to 1 of 4 treatments with 5 replicates. Low SD (9 birds/m2) and high SD (18 birds/m2) were achieved by raising different number of birds per identical floor pen (2.0 m × 2.4 m). The basal diet was formulated with no supplemental Trp in diets to meet or exceed nutrient recommendation of the Ross 308 manual. The calculated concentrations of total Trp and digestible Trp in the basal diet were 0.19 and 0.16%, respectively. The other diet was prepared by adding 0.16% crystalline Trp to the basal diet. Diets were fed to birds for 21 d. At the end of the experiment, 2 birds per replicate were euthanized to collect tissue samples for further analyses. Results indicated that there were no interactions between SD and dietary Trp for all measurements. For the main effects, birds raised at a low SD had greater (P < 0.01) body weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency than those raised at a high SD. However, supplementation of dietary Trp had no effect on broiler performance. Furthermore, there were no main effects of SD and dietary Trp on intestinal barrier functions. In conclusion, broiler chickens raised in a floor pen with a high SD (18 birds/m2) have decreased growth performance with little changes in intestinal barrier functions. Supplementation of dietary Trp at 0.16% has no positive effect on broiler chickens raised in a floor pen with either a low or high SD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Goo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - G H Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - J B Delos Reyes
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Kil
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim JH, Choi HS, Goo D, Park GH, Han GP, Delos Reyes JB, Kil DY. Effect of dietary melamine concentrations on growth performance, excreta characteristics, plasma measurements, and melamine residue in the tissue of male and female broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3204-3211. [PMID: 30850838 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the current experiment were to investigate the effect of dietary melamine concentrations on growth performance, excreta characteristics, plasma measurements, and melamine residue in the tissue of male and female broiler chickens. Finally, the safe levels of melamine in broiler diets were determined based on BW gain (BWG) and melamine residue in the breast meat. A total of 1,008 1-d-old Ross 308 male and female broiler chickens were allotted to 1 of 7 dietary treatments within each sex in a completely randomized design. There were 6 replicates per treatment and each replicate consisted of 12 birds. Dietary melamine concentrations were set to 0; 250; 500; 750; 1,000; 5,000; or 10,000 mg/kg by adding a purified form of melamine. Diets were provided to birds on ad libitum basis for 35 d. Results indicated that no significant interaction between sex and dietary melamine concentrations was observed for all measurements. The BW, BWG, and feed intake for birds fed diets containing 10,000 mg/kg melamine were less (P < 0.05) than for those fed other diets. Melamine residues in the kidney and breast for birds fed diets containing 10,000 mg/kg melamine were greater (P < 0.05) than for birds fed other diets. The toxic level of dietary melamine based on BWG was determined by the one-slope broken-line analysis. The resulting equation was Y = 1,851 - 0.0404 × (X - 4,292), which indicated that a greater than 4,292 mg/kg melamine in diets was toxic to broiler chickens. The safe level of dietary melamine to limit melamine residue in the broiler breast was analyzed using the linear regression, which indicated that the safe level of melamine in broiler diets was 814 mg/kg. In conclusion, less than 814 mg/kg melamine in broiler diets should be maintained to satisfy human food safety regulations for melamine residue in the breast meat of broiler chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - D Goo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - G H Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - G P Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - J B Delos Reyes
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Kil
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Goo D, Kim JH, Choi HS, Park GH, Han GP, Kil DY. Effect of stocking density and sex on growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1153-1160. [PMID: 30329115 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current experiment was to investigate the effect of stocking density and sex on growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement consisting of sex and four different stocking densities in battery cages. A total of 540 1-d-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were allotted to one of eight treatments with five replicates. Within each sex, birds were raised at four different stocking densities of 15.2, 20.2, 25.3, or 30.4 birds/m2 from 1 to 28 d of age. Different stocking densities were achieved by raising a different number of birds per battery cage with identical floor size (0.76 m × 0.78 m). At the end of the experiment, two birds per replicate were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation to collect tissue samples for further analyses. Results indicated that no interactions between sex and stocking density were observed for all measurements except for serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations. Increasing stocking density decreased (linear, P < 0.01) body weight gain and feed intake, but had no negative effects on meat quality. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance values, a measure of intestinal permeability, were decreased (linear, P < 0.01) with increasing stocking density, regardless of sex. Accordingly, serum LPS concentrations were increased (linear, P < 0.01) with increasing stocking density. However, increasing stocking density increased serum LPS concentrations in male broiler chickens, but had no effects on female broiler chickens, showing an interaction (P < 0.01). The expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and junctional adhesion molecule B (JAM-2) was decreased (linear, P < 0.05) with increasing stocking density. In conclusion, increasing stocking density decreases broiler performance regardless of sex and this negative effect is likely associated with decreased intestinal barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Goo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - G H Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - G P Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Kil
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Belal SA, Kang DR, Cho ESR, Park GH, Shim KS. Taurine Reduces Heat Stress by Regulating the Expression of Heat Shock Proteins in Broilers Exposed to Chronic Heat. Braz J Poult Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SA Belal
- Chonbuk National University, South Korea
| | - DR Kang
- Chonbuk National University, South Korea
| | - ESR Cho
- Chonbuk National University, South Korea
| | - GH Park
- Chonbuk National University, South Korea
| | - KS Shim
- Chonbuk National University, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ha JM, Yoon JH, Cho EB, Park GH, Park EJ, Kim KH, Kim KJ. Subungual desmoplastic malignant melanoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 30:360-2. [PMID: 25307258 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Ha
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - J H Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - E B Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - G H Park
- Department of Dermatology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwasung, Korea
| | - E J Park
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - K H Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - K J Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han SS, Lee M, Park GH, Bang SH, Kang YK, Kim TW, Lee JL, Chang HM, Ryu MH. Investigation of papulopustular eruptions caused by cetuximab treatment shows altered differentiation markers and increases in inflammatory cytokines. Br J Dermatol 2009; 162:371-9. [PMID: 19903175 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) critically regulates tumour cell division, survival and metastasis. Agents that inhibit EGFR have been used in the treatment of advanced-stage malignancies, but cause variable cutaneous side-effects, most often papulopustular eruptions and xerosis. OBJECTIVES We assayed expression of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1alpha, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma, human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1], differentiation markers (filaggrin, involucrin and loricrin) and phosphorylated EGFRs (pEGFRs) in papulopustular eruptions to determine the association between these markers and the eruptions caused by cetuximab. PATIENTS/METHODS Twelve papulopustular lesion biopsies were selected from patients with colon cancer who had received cetuximab treatment. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence with a confocal laser scanning microscopy were performed. RESULTS Filaggrin expression decreased and expression of involucrin, various inflammatory markers (IL-1alpha, TNF-alpha, ICAM-1 and HLA-DR) increased and the expression of pEGFR was markedly downregulated in papulopustular eruptions. In perilesions, decreased pEGFR expression was noted in hair follicles compared with interfollicular epidermis. The increase of IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha was observed in perilesions as in the lesions. CONCLUSIONS The early inflammatory events (IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha expression) seen, and the lack of pEGFR in perilesional follicles, indicate that inflammatory events induced by EGFR inhibition may initiate papulopustular eruptions along with the altered differentiations. The decrease of filaggrin may contribute to the pathogenesis of the xerosis caused by cetuximab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Han
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, SongPa-Gu PyongNab-Dong, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
AIMS The rapidly increasing prevalence of chronic diseases is an important challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. To improve the quality and efficiency of chronic disease care, we investigated the effectiveness and applicability of the Ubiquitous Chronic Disease Care (UCDC) system using cellular phones and the internet for overweight patients with both Type 2 diabetes and hypertension. METHODS We conducted a randomized, controlled clinical trial over 3 months that included 123 patients at a university hospital and a community public health centre. RESULTS After 12 weeks, there were significant improvements in HbA(1c) in the intervention group (7.6 +/- 0.9% to 7.1 +/- 0.8%, P < 0.001) compared with the control group (7.4 +/- 0.9% to 7.6 +/- 1.0%, P = 0.03). Furthermore, we observed a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as improvements in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the intervention group. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in adiponectin levels in the intervention group compared with the control group, although high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels did not change in either group. CONCLUSIONS The novel UCDC system presented in this paper improved multiple metabolic parameters simultaneously in overweight patients with both Type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee WJ, Park GH, Kang SM, Lee MW, Choi JH, Moon KC, Koh JK. Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma presenting as a contact dermatitis-like localized patch. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23:847-9. [PMID: 19207648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.03048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Lee WJ, Park GH, Lee MW, Choi JH, Moon KC, Koh JK. Keratosis follicularis and dermatomyositis: is there a common pathogenesis? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23:977-8. [PMID: 19210696 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.03082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Bae SY, Lee CH, Kim JS, Lim CS, Lee CK, Lee KN, Park GH, Hur DS, Chung C, Chang JK. Portable microscopic cell counter for the determination of residual leucocytes in blood components. Vox Sang 2007; 92:64-8. [PMID: 17181592 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2006.00854.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The accurate determination of residual white blood cell (WBC) in blood components is of considerable clinical importance, and a variety of methods have been devised for the counting of low levels of residual WBC. In this study, we evaluated the performance of microscopic cell counter with microchannel plastic chip (C-reader) with regard to its ability to quantify WBC in WBC-reduced red cell concentrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to quantify residual WBC with the microscopic cell counter, WBC-reduced red cell concentrate was stained using propidium iodide. Three studies were performed: linearity, precision and correlation compared to those of manual Nageotte chamber counting and automatic flow cytometric methods. RESULTS Dilution experiments, conducted over a range of 0.7-712 WBC/microl, showed a linearity of r(2) > 0.999, with coefficient of variation values of < or = 15.6% and accuracy of 93.8% over all tested ranges. In comparison with the Nageotte chamber counting and flow cytometric methods, the correlation coefficients were r(2) > 0.995. The detection limit of this method was 0.24 WBC/microl. Total analysis time per sample was approximately 5 min. CONCLUSION The microscopic cell counter for residual WBC counting was determined to be efficient at the level of currently defined standards, with acceptable precision and accuracy. This method may prove useful for the quality assurance and control of WBC-depleted blood products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Bae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Seoul, South Korea 136-707
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Park GH, Lee YT, Bae YS. Stimulation of human DNA topoisomerase II activity by its direct association with the beta subunit of protein kinase CKII. Mol Cells 2001; 11:82-8. [PMID: 11266126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase II copurifies with and is phosphorylated by protein kinase CKII. In this study, a yeast two-hybrid system was used to investigate the interaction between human topoisomerase II isozymes and CKII subunits. The two-hybrid test clearly showed that both topoisomerase IIalpha and IIbeta interact with the CKIIbeta, but not the CKIIalpha subunit. The two-hybrid test also demonstrated that topoisomerase IIbeta residues 1099-1263 and topoisomerase IIalpha residues 1078-1182 mediate the interaction with the CKIIbeta subunit, providing evidence that the leucine zipper motif and the major CKII-dependent phosphorylation sites of topoisomerase II are unnecessary for its physical binding to CKIIbeta. Furthermore, a DNA relaxation assay demonstrated that the CKII subunit enhances topoisomerase II activity by physical interaction with topoisomerase II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G H Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lim DY, Park GH, Park SH. Inhibitory mechanism of pinacidil on catecholamine secretion from the rat perfused adrenal gland evoked by cholinergic stimulation and membrane depolarization. J Auton Pharmacol 2000; 20:123-32. [PMID: 11095550 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2680.2000.00171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
1. The present study attempted to investigate the effect of potassium channel openers on secretion of catecholamines (CA) evoked by cholinergic stimulation and membrane depolarization from rat isolated perfused adrenal gland. 2. The perfusion of pinacidil (30-300 microM) into an adrenal vein for 20 min produced dose-dependent inhibition of CA secretion evoked by acetylcholine (ACh; 5.32 mM), high K+ (56 mM), 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP; 100 microM for 2 min), 3-(m-chloro-phenyl-carbamoyl-oxy)-2-butynyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (McN-A-343; 100 microM for 2 min), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA; 10 microM for 4 min) and methyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-pyri dine-5-carboxylate (Bay-K-8644; 10 microM for 4 min). 3. In the presence of minoxidil (100 microM), which is also known to be a potassium channel activator, CA secretory responses evoked by ACh, high potassium, DMPP, McN-A-343, Bay-K-8644 and CPA were also significantly depressed. 4. In adrenal glands preloaded with pinacidil (100 microM) in the presence of glibenclamide (GB; 1 microM), a specific blocker of ATP-regulated potassium channels, CA secretory responses evoked by ACh, high potassium, DMPP, McN-A-343, Bay-K-8644 and CPA were restored to a considerable extent of the control release as compared with that of pinacidil only. 5. These results suggest that pinacidil causes marked inhibition of CA secretion evoked by stimulation of cholinergic (both nicotinic and muscarinic) receptors, as well as by membrane depolarization, indicating that this effect may be mediated by inhibiting influx of extracellular calcium and release of intracellular calcium in the rat adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. Furthermore, these findings suggest that these potassium channel opener-sensitive membrane potassium channels also play a modulatory role in regulating CA secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Y Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Kwang Ju, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yoo BC, Park GH, Okuda H, Takaku T, Kim S, Hwang WI. Inhibitory effect of arginine-derivatives from ginseng extract and basic amino acids on protein-arginine N-methyltransferase. Amino Acids 2000; 17:391-400. [PMID: 10707768 DOI: 10.1007/bf01361664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein-arginine N-methyltransferase (protein methylase I) catalyzes methylation of arginyl residues on substrate protein posttranslationally utilizing S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the methyl donor and yields NG-methylarginine residues. Arginyl-fructose and arginyl-fructosyl-glucose from Korean red ginseng were found to inhibit protein methylase I activity in vitro. This inhibitory activity was shown to be due to arginyl moiety in the molecules, rather than that of carbohydrates. Several basic amino acids as well as polyamines were also found to inhibit protein methylase I activity. Interestingly, the intensity of the inhibitory activity was correlated with the number of amino-group in polyamines, thus, in the order of spermine > spermidine > putrescine > agmatine-sulfate, with IC50 at approximately 15 mM, 25 mM, 35 mM, and 50 mM, respectively. On the other hand, neutral amino acids or NaCl did not inhibit the enzyme activity. Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis of the protein methylase I activity in the presence of arginine and spermidine indicated that the inhibition was competitive in nature in respect to protein substrate, with the Ki values of 24.8 mM and 11.5 mM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B C Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gu H, Park SH, Park GH, Lim IK, Lee HW, Paik WK, Kim S. Identification of highly methylated arginine residues in an endogenous 20-kDa polypeptide in cancer cells. Life Sci 1999; 65:737-45. [PMID: 10466739 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic methylation of endogenous proteins in several cancer cell lines was investigated to understand a possible relationship between protein-arginine methylation and cellular proliferation. Cytosolic extracts prepared from several cancer cells (HeLa, HCT-48, A549, and HepG2) and incubated with S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine revealed an intensely [methyl-3H]-labeled 20-kDa polypeptide. On the other hand, cytosolic extracts prepared from normal colon cells did not show any methylation of the 20-kDa protein under identical conditions. To identify nature of the 20-kDa polypeptide, purified histones were methylated with HCT-48 cytosolic extracts and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. However, none of the histones comigrated with the methylated 20-kDa polypeptide, indicating that it is unlikely to be any of the histone subclasses. The [methyl-3H]group in the 20-kDa polypeptide was stable at pH 10-11 (37 degrees C for 30 min) and methylation was not stimulated by GTPgammaS (4 mM), thus the reaction is neither carboxyl methylesterification on isoaspartyl residues, nor on C-terminal farnesylated cysteine. The present study together with the previous identification of N(G)-methylated arginine residues in the HCT-48 cytosol fraction suggests that this novel endogenous 20-kDa arginine-methylation is a cellular proliferation-related posttranslational modification reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Gu
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Korea University, Seoul
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim KM, Park GH, Kim JH, Kwon YS, Sohn JK. Selection of RAPD marker for growth of seedlings at low temperature in rice. Mol Cells 1999; 9:265-9. [PMID: 10420984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay that could effectively reduce the time period required to screen and select the cold tolerance gene of rice seedlings under field conditions. The two specific random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments for the assay were identified on the basis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis which were found to be tightly linked to cold sensitivity. The two RAPD fragments, OPT8(600) in the cold sensitivity rice cultivar 'Dular (indica)' and OPU20(1200) in the resistance rice cultivar 'Toyohatamochi (japonica)', were identified after screening 11 RAPD fragments using 2 random primers on the genomic DNAs of 'Dular' and 'Toyohatamochi'. These primers, when used in a multiplexed PCR, specifically amplified a 0.6 kb and a 1.2 kb fragment in the sensitive and resistant rice cultivars, respectively. When this assay was performed on the genomic DNAs of 16 japonica, 3 Tongil (indica/ japonica), and 2 indica rice cultivars, the primers amplified a 0.6 kb fragment in all of the cold sensitivity rice cultivars or 1.2 kb fragment in all of the resistance ones. These markers can be of potential use in the marker-assisted selection (MAS) for cold tolerance in rice seedling. As screening for resistance can now be conducted independent of the availability of low temperature, the breeding of cold tolerance cultivars can be hastened.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Kim
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Kyunpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear RNP protein A1, one of the major proteins in hnRNP particle (precursor for mRNA), is known to be posttranslationally arginine-methylated in vivo on residues 193, 205, 217 and 224 within the RGG box, the motif postulated to be an RNA binding domain. Possible effect of NG-arginine methyl-modification in the interaction of protein A1 to nucleic acid was investigated. The recombinant hnRNP protein A1 was in vitro methylated by the purified nuclear protein/histone-specific protein methylase I (S-adenosylmethionine:protein-arginine N-methyltransferase) stoichiometrically and the relative binding affinity of the methylated and the unmethylated protein A1 to nucleic acid was compared: Differences in their binding properties to ssDNA-cellulose, pI values and trypsin sensitivities in the presence and absence of MS2-RNA all indicate that the binding property of hnRNP protein A1 to single-stranded nucleic acid has been significantly reduced subsequent to the methylation. These results suggest that posttranslational methyl group insertion to the arginine residue reduces protein-RNA interaction, perhaps due to interference of H-bonding between guanidino nitrogen arginine and phosphate RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yoo BC, Kang MS, Kim S, Lee YS, Choi SY, Ryu CK, Park GH, Han JS. Partial purification of protein farnesyl cysteine carboxyl methyltransferase from bovine brain. Exp Mol Med 1998; 30:227-34. [PMID: 9894153 DOI: 10.1038/emm.1998.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
C-terminal farnesyl cysteine carboxyl methylation has been known to be the last step in the post-translational modification processes of several important signal transduction proteins in eukaryotes including ras related GTP binding proteins and the gamma-subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins. Protein farnesyl cysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (PFCCMT; EC, 2.1.1.100) catalyzing the reaction is well characterized as being stimulated by guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S) and suppressed by N-acetyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine (AFC). As an initial step to understand the physiological significance of the process, we attempted to purify the enzyme, which was partially purified 130-fold (specific activity, 143 pmol of methyl group transferred/min/mg of protein) with yield of 1.8% after purification by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) on a Superdex 75 column. The enzyme was further purified with non denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (ND-PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The molecular weight of PFCCMT was determined to be about 30 kDa based on Superdex 75 FPLC as well as photoaffinity labelling with S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H] methionine ([methyl-3H]SAM). The partially purified enzyme (Superdex 75 eluate) was found to be characteristically affected by GTP gamma S, being activated about 40-fold in 2 mM, in contrast to ATP which did not show any effect on enzyme activity. Meanwhile, the enzyme was found to be markedly inhibited by AFC, reaching 0 activity in 2 mM. These observations strongly suggested that the partially purified enzyme was PFCCMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B C Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Park GH, Plummer HK, Krystal GW. Selective Sp1 binding is critical for maximal activity of the human c-kit promoter. Blood 1998; 92:4138-49. [PMID: 9834219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase c-kit is necessary for normal hematopoiesis, the development of germ cells and melanocytes, and the pathogenesis of certain hematologic and nonhematologic malignancies. To better understand the regulation of the c-kit gene, a detailed analysis of the core promoter was performed. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and RNase protection methods showed two major transcriptional initiation sites. Luciferase reporter assays using 5' promoter deletion-reporter constructs containing up to 3 kb of 5' sequence were performed in hematopoietic and small-cell lung cancer cell lines which either did or did not express the endogenous c-kit gene. This analysis showed the region 83 to 124 bp upstream of the 5' transcription initiation site was crucial for maximal core promoter activity. Sequence analysis showed several potential Sp1 binding sites within this highly GC-rich region. Gel shift and DNase footprinting showed that Sp1 selectively bound to a single site within this region. Supershift studies using an anti-Sp1 antibody confirmed specific Sp1 binding. Site-directed mutagenesis of the -93/-84 Sp1 binding site reduced promoter-reporter activity to basal levels in c-kit-expressing cells. Cotransfection into Drosophila SL2 cells of a c-kit promoter-reporter construct with an Sp1 expression vector showed an Sp1 dose-dependent enhancement of expression that was markedly attenuated by mutation of the -93/-84 site. These results indicate that despite the fact that the human c-kit promoter contains multiple potential Sp1 sites, Sp1 binding is a selective process that is essential for core promoter activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G H Park
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim S, Park GH, Joo WA, Paik WK, Cook RJ, Williams KR. Identification of protein-arginine N-methyltransferase as 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:27374-82. [PMID: 9765265 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.42.27374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
S-Adenosylmethionine:protein-arginine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1. 23; protein methylase I) transfers the methyl group of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to an arginine residue of a protein substrate. The homogeneous liver protein methylase I was subjected to tryptic digestion followed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation and either "on-line" mass spectrometric fragmentation or "off-line" Edman sequencing of selected fractions. Data base searching of both the mass spectrometric and Edman sequencing data from several peptides identified the protein methylase as 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.6; Cook, R. J., Lloyd, R. S., and Wagner, C. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 4965-4973; Swiss accession number). This identification was confirmed by comparative HPLC tryptic peptide mapping and affinity chromatography of the methylase on the 5-formyltetrahydrofolate-Sepharose affinity gel used to purify the dehydrogenase. The purified rat liver methylase had approximately 33% of the 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase and 36% of the aldehyde dehydrogenase activity as compared with the recombinant dehydrogenase, which also had protein methylase I activity. Polyclonal antibodies against recombinant dehydrogenase reacted with protein methylase I purified either by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or 5-formyltetrahydrofolate affinity chromatography. In each instance there was only a single immunoreactive band at a molecular weight of approximately 106,000. Together, these results confirm the co-identity of protein-arginine methyltransferase and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Korea University Medical College, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Park SH, Park GH, Gu H, Hwang WI, Lim IK, Paik WK, Kim S. Heterogeneous nuclear RNP protein A1-arginine methylation during HCT-48 cell cycle. IUBMB Life 1997; 42:657-66. [PMID: 19856281 DOI: 10.1080/15216549700203071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein methylase I (protein-arginine N-methyltransferase) was examined in HCT-48 cells, synchronized by serum deprivation and hydroxyurea treatment. The enzyme activity to methylate the added hnRNP protein A1 increased about 2-fold from G0 to S phase, and then decreased during G2/M phase. The enzymatically [methyl-3H]-labeled hnRNP protein A1 was identified by SDS-PAGE/fluorography, and the products were identified as NG-monomethylarginine and NG,NG-dimethyl-(asymmetric)arginines by HPLC. Among endogenous proteins, the 20-kDa species in the extract was most intensely [methyl-3H]-labeled. This 20-kDa methylation was markedly inhibited by the addition of exogenous hnRNP protein A1, indicating that these two substrates compete for the same protein methylase. The possible role of this post-translational modification has been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Korea University Medical School, Seoul, Korea,Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University Medical School, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Myelin is a membrane characteristic of the nervous tissue and functions as an insulator to increase the velocity of the stimuli being transmitted between a nerve cell body and its target. Myelin isolated from human and bovine nervous tissue is composed of approximately 80% lipid and 20% protein, and 30% of the protein fraction constitutes myelin basic protein (MBP). MBP has an unusual amino acid at Res-107 as a mixture of NG-monomethylarginine and NG, N'G-dimethylarginine. The formation of these methylarginine derivatives is catalysed by one of the subtypes of protein methylase I, which specifically methylates Res-107 of this protein. Evidence is presented to demonstrate an involvement of this biological methylation in the integrity and maintenance of myelin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim YH, Cha IJ, Shim JC, Shin JG, Yoon YR, Kim YK, Kim JI, Park GH, Jang IJ, Woo JI, Shin SG. Effect of rifampin on the plasma concentration and the clinical effect of haloperidol concomitantly administered to schizophrenic patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1996; 16:247-52. [PMID: 8784658 DOI: 10.1097/00004714-199606000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the changes of plasma haloperidol concentrations and clinical responses repeatedly up to 4 weeks after coadministration or discontinuation of rifampin in 12 schizophrenic patients taking haloperidol alone (group I) and 5 patients taking haloperidol and antituberculotic drugs (group II). After coadministration of rifampin in group I, daily trough haloperidol concentrations rapidly decreased and reached 63% of baseline level by day 3, 41.3% by day 7, and 30% by day 28. On the other hand, after discontinuation of rifampin in group II, plasma haloperidol concentration increased to 140.7% of baseline level by day 3, 228.7% by day 7, and 329% by day 28. In this study, a 30% or greater change in the clinical rating scale was considered a positive clinical response of the drug interaction. Using this criterion, 50% of the group I subjects responded according to the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) total score, and 25% responded according to the BPRS subscale for psychiatric symptoms. No positive responses were observed in group II patients. These results strongly suggest that rifampin interacts with the clinical effects as well as the plasma concentrations of coadministered haloperidol, and careful monitoring should be considered when coadministration or discontinuation of rifampin is needed in a schizophrenic patient taking haloperidol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Pusan, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Park GH, Pao YH, Igelnik B, Eyink KG, Leclair SR. Neural-net computing for interpretation of semiconductor film optical ellipsometry parameters. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 1996; 7:816-829. [PMID: 18263478 DOI: 10.1109/72.508926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Optical ellipsometry has been found to be a promising technique for monitoring process parameters, such as film composition and film thickness, of semiconductor wafers grown with molecular beam epitaxy. Whereas it is a straightforward task to calculate ellipsometry angles given the thickness of the film and the refractive indexes of the film and substrate, it is a difficult task to invert that mathematical relationship. However, the process must be inverted if the measured parameters are to be interpreted meaningfully in terms of film composition and film thickness. This paper reports on the use of neural-net computing for the inverse mapping of measured ellipsometry parameters. We used a functional-link net which is very efficient in function approximation. The advantage of using the net, however, is not only its speed, but also because some other net architecture characteristics allow us to perform the task in a holistic manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G H Park
- Dept. of Electr. Eng. and Appl. Phys., Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor IGF-I and IGF-II gene expression was measured for the first time in rat liver, brain and heart during the later stages of life, i.e., young adulthood (6 months) to senescence (25 months). IGF-I mRNA was detected in all three tissues at all ages. Its relative level decreased the most in the liver with advancing age. IGF-II mRNA was detected in the brain and heart but not the liver at all ages. The level of IGF-II mRNA decreased only slightly in the brain from young adulthood to senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G H Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Urbana
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Nuclei isolated from senescent (22-26 months) female Wistar rat liver show a decreased RNA synthesis compared to nuclei from adult (12 months) liver. Kinetic analyses demonstrate a decreased rate (25-42%) and maximal incorporation (41-54%) of labeled uridine triphosphate into both rRNA and mRNA in senescent nuclei. Chromatin-bound RNA polymerase activity is decreased by 36%, whereas free RNA polymerase activity, i.e., not bound to chromatin, is increased by 41% in senescent nuclei, but the total bound plus free activity is the same in senescent and adult nuclei. Isolated senescent chromatin shows reduced transcriptional capacity and requires a higher temperature to initiate melting. A decreased ability of chromatin to bind RNA polymerases appears to underlie the observed decreased RNA synthesis in senescent liver nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G H Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Urbana
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The rates of synthesis of total RNA, poly(A)+ RNA and poly(A)+ RNA are decreased by 41, 49 and 42%, respectively, in hepatocytes isolated from senescent (25 months) compared to adult (12 months) female Wistar rats. Results from transcription run-on assays indicate that an impaired ability to initiate transcription largely accounts for the decreased synthesis of RNA by the senescent hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G H Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Urbana
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Bovine brain myelin basic protein, free of associated proteolytic activity, was found to be a specific inhibitor of histone-specific protein methylase I (S-adenosyl-L-methionine:protein-L-arginine N-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.23) purified from bovine brain. 50% of the methyl group incorporation into the histone substrate catalyzed by the methylase I was inhibited by myelin basic protein at a concentration of 0.326 mM. However, neither of the peptide fragments (residues 1-116 and residues 117-170) generated by the chemical cleavage of myelin basic protein at the tryptophan residue retained the inhibitory activity for histone-specific protein methylase I. Proteins such as gamma-globulin, bovine serum albumin, bovine pancreatic ribonuclease and polyarginine did not exhibit significant inhibitory activity toward the enzyme. The Ki value for myelin basic protein was estimated to be 3.42 X 10(-5) M for histone-specific protein methylase I and the nature of the inhibition was uncompetitive toward histone substrate.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, a DNA repair enzyme which transfers the methyl group of O6-methylguanine residue to a cysteinyl residue in the methyltransferase itself, was examined in rat organs by quantifying the S-methylcysteine formed in the methyl acceptor protein. Among the various organs examined, the spleen exhibited the highest enzyme specific activity followed by the thymus, liver, lung and testis. Brain had the lowest activity. The patterns of subcellular distribution of the methyltransferase in spleen and liver were different: while 75-80% of the activity was present in the nuclear fraction of the spleen, 54% of the activity in the liver was found in the nuclei and 35% in the cytosolic fraction. Forty-five and thirty-five percent of the total nuclear enzyme activity could be extracted with 1 M and 2 M NaCl solutions, respectively, indicating that the repair enzyme is not tightly bound to the nuclear matrix. When isolated nuclei were incubated with [methyl-3H]DNA substrate and subsequently fractionated into histone and non-histone protein fractions, over 90% of the radioactivity was coeluted on a Bio-Rex 70 column with the non-histone fraction and only a negligible amount of radioactivity was found to be associated with the histone fraction. The molecular mass of the [methyl-3H]methyltransferase in the non-histone fraction was determined to be 23,000, and its pI value was found to be 6.6 by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Collapse
|