1
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Collu G, Bierig T, Krebs AS, Engilberge S, Varma N, Guixà-González R, Sharpe T, Deupi X, Olieric V, Poghosyan E, Benoit RM. Chimeric single α-helical domains as rigid fusion protein connections for protein nanotechnology and structural biology. Structure 2021; 30:95-106.e7. [PMID: 34587504 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric fusion proteins are essential tools for protein nanotechnology. Non-optimized protein-protein connections are usually flexible and therefore unsuitable as structural building blocks. Here we show that the ER/K motif, a single α-helical domain (SAH), can be seamlessly fused to terminal helices of proteins, forming an extended, partially free-standing rigid helix. This enables the connection of two domains at a defined distance and orientation. We designed three constructs termed YFPnano, T4Lnano, and MoStoNano. Analysis of experimentally determined structures and molecular dynamics simulations reveals a certain degree of plasticity in the connections that allows the adaptation to crystal contact opportunities. Our data show that SAHs can be stably integrated into designed structural elements, enabling new possibilities for protein nanotechnology, for example, to improve the exposure of epitopes on nanoparticles (structural vaccinology), to engineer crystal contacts with minimal impact on construct flexibility (for the study of protein dynamics), and to design novel biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Collu
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Bierig
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Sophia Krebs
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Engilberge
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Niveditha Varma
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Ramon Guixà-González
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Timothy Sharpe
- Biophysics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Deupi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; Condensed Matter Theory Group, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Olieric
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Emiliya Poghosyan
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Benoit
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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2
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Ibba R, Piras S, Corona P, Riu F, Loddo R, Delogu I, Collu G, Sanna G, Caria P, Dettori T, Carta A. Synthesis, Antitumor and Antiviral In Vitro Activities of New Benzotriazole-Dicarboxamide Derivatives. Front Chem 2021; 9:660424. [PMID: 34017818 PMCID: PMC8129498 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.660424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and viral infections continue to threaten humankind causing death worldwide. Hence, the discovery of new anticancer and antiviral agents still represents a major scientific goal. Heterocycles designed to mimic the chemical structure of natural pyrimidines and purines have been designed over the years, exerting their activity acting as false substrates on several different targets. We reported a series of bis-benzotriazole-dicarboxamide derivatives which inhibit viral helicase of poliovirus, and hence we planned structure modifications to obtain different series of new dicarboxamides. Here, the synthesis and characterization of 56 new compounds: 31 bis-benzotriazole dicarboxamides and 25 mono-substituted acidic derivatives are reported. The synthesized compounds were tested for their antiviral and antitumor activity. Mostly, compounds 4a, 4c and 4d showed antiviral activity against tested Picornaviruses, Coxsackievirus B5 and Poliovirus-1. Likewise, four derivatives (3b, 3d, 4d, 9b) showed notable antiproliferative activity inhibiting cell growth in two distinct antitumor screenings. Compound 3b was selected as the antitumor lead compound for the wide range of activity and the potency proved. The lead compound was proved to induce apoptosis in SK-MES1 tumor cells, in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ibba
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sandra Piras
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paola Corona
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Federico Riu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberta Loddo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilenia Delogu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Collu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tinuccia Dettori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Carta
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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3
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Bierig T, Collu G, Blanc A, Poghosyan E, Benoit RM. Design, Expression, Purification, and Characterization of a YFP-Tagged 2019-nCoV Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Construct. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:618615. [PMID: 33409271 PMCID: PMC7779597 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.618615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
2019-nCoV is the causative agent of the serious, still ongoing, worldwide coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. High quality recombinant virus proteins are required for research related to the development of vaccines and improved assays, and to the general understanding of virus action. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the 2019-nCoV spike (S) protein contains disulfide bonds and N-linked glycosylations, therefore, it is typically produced by secretion. Here, we describe a construct and protocol for the expression and purification of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) labeled 2019-nCoV spike RBD. The fusion protein, in the vector pcDNA 4/TO, comprises an N-terminal interferon alpha 2 (IFNα2) signal peptide, an eYFP, a FLAG-tag, a human rhinovirus 3C protease (HRV3C) cleavage site, the RBD of the 2019-nCoV spike protein and a C-terminal 8x His-tag. We stably transfected HEK 293 cells. Following expansion of the cells, the fusion protein was secreted from adherent cells into serum-free medium. Ni-NTA immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) purification resulted in very high protein purity, based on analysis by SDS-PAGE. The fusion protein was soluble and monodisperse, as confirmed by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and negative staining electron microscopy. Deglycosylation experiments confirmed the presence of N-linked glycosylations in the secreted protein. Complex formation with the peptidase domain of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for the 2019-nCoV spike RBD, was confirmed by SEC, both for the YFP-fused spike RBD and for spike RBD alone, after removal of YFP by proteolytic cleavage. Possible applications for the fusion protein include binding studies on cells or in vitro, fluorescent labeling of potential virus-binding sites on cells, the use as an antigen for immunization studies or as a tool for the development of novel virus- or antibody-detection assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bierig
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Collu
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alain Blanc
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Emiliya Poghosyan
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Roger M. Benoit
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
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4
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Krebs AS, Bierig T, Collu G, Benoit RM. Seamless insert-plasmid assembly at sub-terminal homologous sequences. Plasmid 2019; 106:102445. [PMID: 31669339 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2019.102445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The engineering of fusion proteins for structural biology and protein nanotechnology often requires seamless DNA assembly with slight variations in the domain boundaries. To improve the molecular biology workflow for such projects, we evaluated the use of sub-terminal homologous sequences (HS) for co-transformation cloning and for T5 exonuclease / Phusion DNA polymerase mediated in vitro assembly. To quantify the effects of different HS-to-ends distances on cloning efficiency, we designed a blue-white-pink screening system that allowed us to easily identify positive clones (blue colonies), negative clones resulting from circular template plasmid (pink colonies) and negative colonies originating from linearized plasmids that have recircularized without an insert (white colonies). Our experiments show that both methods are feasible with HS-to-ends distances up to at least 10 base pairs. Using a combination of co-transformation cloning at sub-terminal HS and nucleotide insertions in non-annealing primer 5'-overhangs, we integrated a fusion protein into the third intracellular loop (ICL) of a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with nine different linker boundaries, using only a single plasmid linearization reaction. This molecular cloning approach is an invaluable tool for protein engineering, protein nanotechnology and synthetic biology that extends the range of applications of DNA assembly strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Sophia Krebs
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Bierig
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Collu
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Benoit
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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5
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Desideri N, Fioravanti R, Proietti Monaco L, Atzori EM, Carta A, Delogu I, Collu G, Loddo R. Design, Synthesis, Antiviral Evaluation, and SAR Studies of New 1-(Phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-Pyrazol-4-yl-Methylaniline Derivatives. Front Chem 2019; 7:214. [PMID: 31024899 PMCID: PMC6465675 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of N-((3-phenyl-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)anilines 7a-p and 8a-l, structurally related to previously synthesized and tested (N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)anilines (1a-v), were designed and synthesized. The new derivatives were evaluated in cell-based assays for their cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against a large panel of RNA and DNA viruses of public health significance. Generally, the tested compounds did not display cytotoxicity toward the cell lines used. The majority of derivatives 7a-p were able to interfered with YFV and RSV replication in the micromolar range showing a marked improvement in potency and selectivity with respect to the reference inhibitors 6-azauridine and ribavirin, respectively. The introduction of a p-methoxy substituent on the phenylsulfonyl group (compounds 8a-l) completely abolished the anti-RSV activity and reduced or eliminated the potency against YFV. On the contrary, several p-methoxy analogs were able to interfere with BVDV replication with a comparable (8b, 8c, 8g, and 8k) or better (8a and 8f) potency than the reference inhibitor, ribavirin. Compound 7e, selected for time of addition experiments on BHK-21 cell cultures infected with YFV, achieved the highest reduction of virus titer when added 2 h post infection and maintained up to 4 h post infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Desideri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Proietti Monaco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Atzori
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Carta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilenia Delogu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Collu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Loddo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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6
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Fioravanti R, Desideri N, Carta A, Atzori EM, Delogu I, Collu G, Loddo R. Inhibitors of Yellow Fever Virus replication based on 1,3,5-triphenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole scaffold: Design, synthesis and antiviral evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:15-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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Collu G, Farci D, Esposito F, Pintus F, Kirkpatrick J, Piano D. New insights into the operative network of FaEO, an enone oxidoreductase from Fragaria x ananassa Duch. Plant Mol Biol 2017; 94:125-136. [PMID: 28283921 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The 2-methylene-furan-3-one reductase or Fragaria x ananassa Enone Oxidoreductase (FaEO) catalyses the last reductive step in the biosynthesis of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, a major component in the characteristic flavour of strawberries. In the present work, we describe the association between FaEO and the vacuolar membrane of strawberry fruits. Even if FaEO lacks epitopes for stable or transient membrane-interactions, it contains a calmodulin-binding region, suggesting that in vivo FaEO may be associated with the membrane via a peripheral protein complex with calmodulin. Moreover, we also found that FaEO occurs in dimeric form in vivo and, as frequently observed for calmodulin-regulated proteins, it may be expressed in different isoforms by alternative gene splicing. Further mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that the isolated FaEO consists in the already known isoform and that it is the most characteristic during ripening. Finally, a characterization by absorption spectroscopy showed that FaEO has specific flavoprotein features. The relevance of these findings and their possible physiological implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Collu
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, V.le S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Domenica Farci
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, V.le S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sensory Systems, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 52175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Francesca Pintus
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Joanna Kirkpatrick
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutebergstraβe 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Dario Piano
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, V.le S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, Italy.
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8
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Carta A, Briguglio I, Piras S, Corona P, Ibba R, Laurini E, Fermeglia M, Pricl S, Desideri N, Atzori E, La Colla P, Collu G, Delogu I, Loddo R. A combined in silico / in vitro approach unveils common molecular requirements for efficient BVDV RdRp binding of linear aromatic N-polycyclic systems. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 117:321-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Farci D, Collu G, Kirkpatrick J, Esposito F, Piano D. RhVI1 is a membrane-anchored vacuolar invertase highly expressed in Rosa hybrida L. petals. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:3303-12. [PMID: 27083698 PMCID: PMC4892724 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Invertases are a widespread group of enzymes that catalyse the conversion of sucrose into fructose and glucose. Plants invertases and their substrates are essential factors that play an active role in primary metabolism and in cellular differentiation and by these activities they sustain development and growth. Being naturally present in multiple isoforms, invertases are known to be highly differentiated and tissue specific in such a way that every isoform is characteristic of a specific part of the plant. In this work, we report the identification of the invertase RhVI1 that was found to be highly expressed in rose petals. A characterization of this protein revealed that RhVI1 is a glycosylated membrane-anchored protein associated with the cytosolic side of the vacuolar membrane which occurs in vivo in a monomeric form. Purification yields have shown that the levels of expression decreased during the passage of petals from buds to mature and pre-senescent flowers. Moreover, the activity assay indicates RhVI1 to be an acidic vacuolar invertase. The physiological implications of these findings are discussed, suggesting a possible role of this protein during anthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Farci
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Collu
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Joanna Kirkpatrick
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari,Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS554, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dario Piano
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
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10
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Loddo R, Novelli F, Sparatore A, Tasso B, Tonelli M, Boido V, Sparatore F, Collu G, Delogu I, Giliberti G, La Colla P. Antiviral activity of benzotriazole derivatives. 5-[4-(Benzotriazol-2-yl)phenoxy]-2,2-dimethylpentanoic acids potently and selectively inhibit Coxsackie Virus B5. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7024-34. [PMID: 26443549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A library of 64 benzotriazole derivatives (17 of which were [4-(benzotriazol-2-yl)phenoxy]alkanoic acids) were screened for antiviral activity against a panel of twelve DNA and RNA viruses. Twenty-six compounds (12 of which were [4-(benzotriazol-2-yl)phenoxy]alkanoic acids) displayed activity against one or more viruses. CVB-5, RSV, BVDV, Sb-1 and YFV were, in decreasing order, the more frequently and effectively affected viruses; DENV-2, WNV, HIV-1 and Reo-1 were only occasionally and modestly affected, while the remaining viruses were not affected by any of the tested compounds. Worth of note were compounds 33 and 35; the former for the activity against Sb-1 (EC50=7 μM) and the latter for the large spectrum of activity including six viruses with a mean EC50=12 μM. Even more interesting were the alkanoic acids 45-48 and 50-57 for their activity against RSV and/or CVB-5. In particular, compound 56 displayed a potent and selective activity against CVB-5 with EC50=0.15 μM and SI=100, thus representing a valuable hit compound for the development of antiviral agents for the treatment of human pathologies related to this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Loddo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Federica Novelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Sparatore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Bruno Tasso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Tonelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Vito Boido
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Sparatore
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Collu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Ilenia Delogu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Gabriele Giliberti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Paolo La Colla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
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11
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Loksha YM, Pedersen EB, Loddo R, Sanna G, Collu G, Giliberti G, Colla PL. Synthesis of Novel Fluoro Analogues of MKC442 as Microbicides. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5169-78. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser M. Loksha
- Nucleic
Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Sinai University, Al-Arish, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Erik B. Pedersen
- Nucleic
Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Roberta Loddo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sanna
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Collu
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giliberti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo La Colla
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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12
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Loksha YM, Globisch D, Loddo R, Collu G, La Colla P, Pedersen EB. A novel synthetic route for the anti-HIV drug MC-1220 and its analogues. ChemMedChem 2011; 5:1847-9. [PMID: 20715285 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser M Loksha
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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13
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El-Brollosy NR, Al-Deeb OA, El-Emam AA, Pedersen EB, La Colla P, Collu G, Sanna G, Loddo R. Synthesis of novel uracil non-nucleoside derivatives as potential reverse transcriptase inhibitors of HIV-1. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2010; 342:663-70. [PMID: 19856332 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200900139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel emivirine and TNK-651 analogues 5a-d were synthesized by reaction of chloromethyl ethyl ether and / or benzyl chloromethyl ether, respectively, with uracils having 5-ethyl and 6-(4-methylbenzyl) or 6-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl) substituents. A series of new uracil non-nucleosides substituted at N-1 with cyclopropylmethyloxymethyl 9a-d, 2-phenylethyloxymethyl 9e-h, and 3-phenylprop-1-yloxymethyl 9i-l were prepared on treatment of the corresponding uracils with the appropriate acetals 8a-c. Some of the tested compounds showed good activity against HIV-1 wild type. Among them, 1-cyclopropylmethyloxymethyl-5-ethyl-6-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)uracil 9c and 5-ethyl-6-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)-1-(2-phenylethyloxymethyl)uracil 9g showed inhibitory potency equally to emivirine against HIV-1 wild type. Furthermore, compounds 9c and 9g showed marginal better activity against NNRTI resistant mutants than emivirine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser R El-Brollosy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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14
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Struga M, Kossakowski J, Koziol AE, Kedzierska E, Fidecka S, La Colla P, Ibba C, Collu G, Sanna G, Secci B, Loddo R. Synthesis, pharmacological and antiviral activity of 1,3-thiazepine derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:4960-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Tonelli M, Vazzana I, Tasso B, Boido V, Sparatore F, Fermeglia M, Paneni MS, Posocco P, Pricl S, Colla PL, Ibba C, Secci B, Collu G, Loddo R. Antiviral and cytotoxic activities of aminoarylazo compounds and aryltriazene derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:4425-40. [PMID: 19482481 PMCID: PMC7127694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Twelve aminoarylazocompounds (A-C) and 46 aryltriazene 7 derivatives (D-G) have been synthesized and evaluated in cell-based assays for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against a panel of 10 RNA and DNA viruses. Eight aminoazocompounds and 27 aryltriazene derivatives exhibited antiviral activity, sometimes of high level, against one or more viruses. A marked activity against BVDV and YFV was prevailing among the former compounds, while the latter type of compounds affected mainly CVB-2 and RSV. None of the active compounds inhibited the multiplication of HIV-1, VSV and VV. Arranged in order of decreasing potency and selectivity versus the host cell lines, the best compounds are the following; BVDV: 1>7>8>4; YFV: 7>5; CVB-2: 25>56>18; RSV: 14>20>55>38>18>19; HSV-1: 2. For these compounds the EC(50) ranged from 1.6 microM (1) to 12 microM (18), and the S. I. from 19.4 (1) to 4.2 (2). Thus the aminoarylazo and aryltriazene substructures appear as interesting molecular component for developing antiviral agents against ss RNA viruses, particularly against RSV and BVDV, which are important human and veterinary pathogens. Finally, molecular modeling investigations indicated that compounds of structure A-C, active against BVDV, could work targeting the viral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp), having been observed a good agreement between the trends of the estimated IC(50) and the experimental EC(50) values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tonelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Iana Vazzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Bruno Tasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Vito Boido
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Sparatore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fermeglia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dell’Ambiente e delle Materie prime, Università di Trieste, Via Valerio 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Silvia Paneni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dell’Ambiente e delle Materie prime, Università di Trieste, Via Valerio 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Posocco
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dell’Ambiente e delle Materie prime, Università di Trieste, Via Valerio 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dell’Ambiente e delle Materie prime, Università di Trieste, Via Valerio 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo La Colla
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, Km 4.500, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Cristina Ibba
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, Km 4.500, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Barbara Secci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, Km 4.500, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Gabriella Collu
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, Km 4.500, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Roberta Loddo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.S. 554, Km 4.500, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
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16
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Danel K, Jørgensen P, Pedersen E, La Colla P, Collu G, Loddo R. Synthesis and Anti-HIV-1 Evaluation of NewSonogashira-Modified Emivirine (MKC-442) Analogues. Helv Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200900039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Spallarossa A, Cesarini S, Ranise A, Schenone S, Bruno O, Borassi A, La Colla P, Pezzullo M, Sanna G, Collu G. Parallel synthesis, molecular modelling and further structure–activity relationship studies of new acylthiocarbamates as potent non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:2190-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Cesarini S, Spallarossa A, Ranise A, Schenone S, La Colla P, Collu G, Sanna G, Loddo R. (Hetero)aroyl esters of 2-(N-phthalimido)ethanol and analogues: parallel synthesis, anti-HIV-1 activity and cytotoxicity. Med Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-009-9192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Spallarossa A, Cesarini S, Ranise A, Bruno O, Schenone S, La Colla P, Collu G, Sanna G, Secci B, Loddo R. Novel modifications in the series of O-(2-phthalimidoethyl)-N-substituted thiocarbamates and their ring-opened congeners as non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:1650-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Romanowska J, Szymańska-Michalak A, Boryski J, Stawiński J, Kraszewski A, Loddo R, Sanna G, Collu G, Secci B, La Colla P. Aryl nucleoside H-phosphonates. Part 16: synthesis and anti-HIV-1 activity of di-aryl nucleoside phosphotriesters. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3489-98. [PMID: 19282192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Di-aryl nucleoside phosphotriesters have been explored as a new type of pronucleotides for the purpose of anti-HIV-1 therapy and efficient synthetic protocols, based on H-phosphonate chemistry, have been developed for the preparation of this class of compounds. It was found that anti-HIV-1 activity of the phosphotriesters bearing an antiviral nucleoside moiety (AZT, ddA) and also ddU was due, at least partially, to intracellular conversion into the corresponding nucleoside 5'-monophosphates, and their efficiency correlated well with the pK(a) values of the aryloxy groups present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Romanowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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21
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Loksha YM, Globisch D, Pedersen EB, La Colla P, Collu G, Loddo R. Synthesis and anti-HIV-1 evaluation of 1,5-disubstituted pyrimidine-2,4-diones. J Heterocycl Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570450434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Angusti A, Manfredini S, Durini E, Ciliberti N, Vertuani S, Solaroli N, Pricl S, Ferrone M, Fermeglia M, Loddo R, Secci B, Visioli A, Sanna T, Collu G, Pezzullo M, La Colla P. Design, synthesis and anti flaviviridae activity of N(6)-, 5',3'-O- and 5',2'-O-substituted adenine nucleoside analogs. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:423-32. [PMID: 18379085 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During a random screening of representative libraries of nucleoside analogues we discovered that the adenine derivatives FEVB28 and FEG118 were Flaviviridae inhibitors endowed with potency comparable, if not superior, to that of ribavirin. Those studies prompted us to design a new class of protected nucleoside analogs, reported herein, which displays interesting anti-bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) activity and low cytotoxicity in cell-based assays (4, 23, 29 EC(50): 14, 11, 26 microM respectively, CC(50)>100 microM) and appreciable activity in enzyme assays against the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of BVDV (4, 23, 29, RdRp inhibition activity 27, 16, 15 microM respectively). A molecular modeling study was also carried out to highlight the possible interactions between this compounds class and the corresponding hepatitis C virus (HCV) enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Angusti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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23
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Cesarini S, Spallarossa A, Ranise A, Schenone S, Bruno O, La Colla P, Casula L, Collu G, Sanna G, Loddo R. Parallel one-pot synthesis and structure–activity relationship study of symmetric formimidoester disulfides as a novel class of potent non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:6353-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cesarini S, Spallarossa A, Ranise A, Bruno O, La Colla P, Secci B, Collu G, Loddo R. Thiocarbamates as non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Part 2: Parallel synthesis, molecular modelling and structure–activity relationship studies on analogues of O-(2-phenylethyl)-N-phenylthiocarbamate. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:4173-85. [PMID: 18226533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Cesarini S, Spallarossa A, Ranise A, Fossa P, Colla PL, Sanna G, Collu G, Loddo R. Thiocarbamates as non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Part 1: Parallel synthesis, molecular modelling and structure–activity relationship studies on O-[2-(hetero)arylethyl]-N-phenylthiocarbamates. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:4160-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Carta A, Loriga M, Piras S, Paglietti G, Ferrone M, Fermeglia M, Pricl S, La Colla P, Collu G, Sanna T, Loddo R. Synthesis and anti-picornaviridae in vitro activity of a new class of helicase inhibitors the N,N'-bis[4-(1H(2H)-benzotriazol-1(2)-yl)phenyl] alkyldicarboxamides. Med Chem 2007; 3:520-32. [PMID: 18045201 DOI: 10.2174/157340607782360308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series N,N'-bis[4-(1H(2H)-benzotriazol-1(2)-yl)phenyl]alkyldicarboxamides (3a-f and 5a-j) were prepared starting from their already known (1a-d) and (4a-c) or new (4d) amine parents. Because of the antiviral activity of several N-[4-(1H(2H)-benzotriazol-1(2)-yl)phenyl]alkylcarboxamides previously reported, title compounds were evaluated in vitro for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against viruses representative of Picornaviridae, [i.e. Enterovirus Coxsackie B2 (CVB-2) and Polio (Sb-1)] and of two of the three genera of the Flaviviridae [Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and Yellow Fever Virus (YFV)]. Furthermore, because of the in silico activity against the RNA-dependent RNA-helicase of Polio 1 previously reported, title compounds were evaluated against the 3D model of the Sb-1 helicase and against the 2D model of the CVB-2 helicase. As a reference we used the antiviral and in silico activities of an imidazo counterpart of the title compounds, N,N'-bis[4-(2-benzimidazolyl)phenyl]alkyldicarboxamides (III) that other authors reported to be able to inhibit the corresponding enzyme of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). In cell-based antiviral assays, N,N'-bis[4-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)phenyl]alkyldicarboxamides (3a-f) resulted completely inactive whereas the bis-5,6-dimethyl-benzotriazol-2-yl derivatives (5d-f) exhibited good activity against the Enteroviruses, (EC(50)s ranged between 7 and 11 microM against CVB-2 and 19-52 against Sb-1). Interestingly, bis-5,6-dichloro-benzotriazol-2-yl derivatives (5h-j) showed very selective activity against CVB-2 (EC(50)s = 4-11 microM) whereas they resulted completely inactive against all the other viruses screened. In general, all title compounds showed a good cytotoxicity profile in MT-4 cells. Molecular modeling investigations showed that active compounds may interact with the binding site of the Sb-1 helicase and that their free binding energy values are in agreement with their EC(50)s values.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carta
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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27
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Carta A, Loriga G, Piras S, Paglietti G, Ferrone M, Fermeglia M, Pricl S, La Colla P, Secci B, Collu G, Loddo R. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of the anti-viral activity of N-[4-(1H(2H)-benzotriazol-1(2)-yl)phenyl]alkylcarboxamides. Med Chem 2007; 2:577-89. [PMID: 17105439 DOI: 10.2174/1573406410602060577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series N-[4-(1H(2H)-benzotriazol-1(2)-yl)phenyl]alkylcarboxamides (8e-k, 9e-i, k, l) and their parent amines (5a-c and 6a-d) were prepared according to Schemes (1 and 2). Compounds were evaluated in vitro for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against a wide spectrum of RNA (positive- and negative-sense) viruses, like [Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Yellow Fever Virus (YFV), Coxsackie Virus B (CVB-2), Polio Virus (Sb-1), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)] or double-stranded (dsRNA) virus, like Reoviridae (Reo-1). The Entero (CVB-2 and Sb-1) were the only viruses inhibited by title compounds. In particular, two of them emerged for their selective, although not very potent, antiviral activity: 8i, which was the most active against CVB-2 (CC50 >100 microM; EC50 = 10 microM) and 9l, which was the most active against Sb-1 (CC50 90 microM; EC50 = 30 microm). Title compounds were evaluated in silico against the Sb-1 helicase, as the crystal structure of this enzyme was not available, the corresponding 3D model was obtained by homology techniques (see Fig. 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carta
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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28
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Corona P, Vitale G, Loriga M, Paglietti G, La Colla P, Collu G, Sanna G, Loddo R. 4-Substituted anilino imidazo[1,2-a] and triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines. Synthesis and evaluation of in vitro biological activity. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:1102-7. [PMID: 16828932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/20/2006] [Accepted: 05/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen imidazo[1,2-a] and [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines were prepared. These compounds bear at position 4 various substituents related to the moieties present in classical and non-classical antifolic agents. And we evaluated in vitro antimicrobial, antiviral and antiproliferative activities. In particular, title compounds were evaluated in vitro against representative strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (S. aureus, Salmonella spp.), mycobacteria (M. fortuitum, M. smegmatis ATCC 19420 and M. tuberculosis ATCC 27294), yeast and moulds (C. albicans ATCC 10231 and A. fumigatus). Furthermore, their antiretroviral activity against HIV-1 was determined in MT-4 cells together with cytotoxicity. In these assays title compounds were tested for their capability to prevent MT-4 cell growth. Among the examined series, the compounds 5, 7 and 10 showed cytotoxicity against mock-infected MT-4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Corona
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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29
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Szymańska A, Szymczak M, Boryski J, Stawiński J, Kraszewski A, Collu G, Sanna G, Giliberti G, Loddo R, La Colla P. Aryl nucleoside H-phosphonates. Part 15: Synthesis, properties and, anti-HIV activity of aryl nucleoside 5′-α-hydroxyphosphonates. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:1924-34. [PMID: 16290162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Revised: 10/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aryl nucleoside 5'-H-phosphonates 4 bearing AZT or 2',3'-dideoxyuridine moieties were subjected to reaction with various aromatic aldehydes to produce nucleoside 5'-alpha-hydroxyphosphonate derivatives 2 as potential anti-HIV agents. Stability of the title compounds in cell culture media was investigated and three distinct decomposition pathways were identified. The anti-HIV activity of hydroxyphosphonates 2 correlates well with the type and extent of their chemical or enzymatic degradation in culture medium (RPMI 1640 containing 10% FBS), suggesting that aryl nucleoside 5'-hydroxyphosphonates 2 act as depot forms of the parent antiviral nucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szymańska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
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30
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Carta A, Loriga M, Piras S, Paglietti G, La Colla P, Busonera B, Collu G, Loddo R. Synthesis of Variously Substituted 3-Phenoxymethyl Quinoxalin-2-Ones and Quinoxalines Capable to Potentiate In Vitro the Antiproliferative Activity of Anticancer Drugs in Multi-Drug Resistant Cell Lines. Med Chem 2006; 2:113-22. [PMID: 16787360 DOI: 10.2174/157340606776056197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two series of 1,6-dimethyl-3-phenoxymethylquinoxalin-2-ones and 1-benzyl-3-phenoxymethyl-7-trifluoromethylquinoxalin-2-ones, and a series of 2-benzyloxy-3-phenoxymethyl-7-trifluoromethylquinoxaline were synthesized. Their capability to restore/potentiate the antiproliferative activity of clinically useful drugs, such as doxorubicin (Doxo), vincristine (VCR) and etoposide (VP16), in drug-resistant human nasopharyngeal carcinoma KB cells (KB(WT), KB(MDR), KB(7D)and KB(V20C)) was evaluated. In vitro data show that many quinoxalin-2-ones and quinoxalines potentiate the antiproliferative activity of Doxo and VCR in tumor-derived MDR cell lines. In this series, 17a turned out to be the most potent quinoxaline derivative in potentiating the antiproliferative activity of doxorubicin and vincristine against KB(MDR) and KB(V20C) resistant cell lines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carta
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari-Italy.
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31
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Ranise A, Spallarossa A, Cesarini S, Bondavalli F, Schenone S, Bruno O, Menozzi G, Fossa P, Mosti L, La Colla M, Sanna G, Murreddu M, Collu G, Busonera B, Marongiu ME, Pani A, La Colla P, Loddo R. Structure-Based Design, Parallel Synthesis, Structure−Activity Relationship, and Molecular Modeling Studies of Thiocarbamates, New Potent Non-Nucleoside HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Isosteres of Phenethylthiazolylthiourea Derivatives. J Med Chem 2005; 48:3858-73. [PMID: 15916438 DOI: 10.1021/jm049252r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we describe our structure-based ligand design, synthetic strategy, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies that led to the identification of thiocarbamates (TCs), a novel class of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), isosteres of phenethylthiazolylthiourea (PETT) derivatives. Assuming as a lead compound O-[2-(phthalimido)ethyl]phenylthiocarbamate 12, one of the precursors of the previously described acylthiocarbamates (Ranise, A.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2003, 46, 768-781), two targeted solution-phase TC libraries were prepared by parallel synthesis. The lead optimization strategy led to para-substituted TCs 31, 33, 34, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, and 50, which were active against wild-type HIV-1 in MT-4-based assays at nanomolar concentrations (EC50 range: 0.04-0.01 microM). The most potent congener 50 (EC50 = 0.01 microM) bears a methyl group at position 4 of the phthalimide moiety and a nitro group at the para position of the N-phenyl ring. Most of the TCs showed good selectivity indices, since no cytotoxic effect was detected at concentrations as high as 100 microM. TCs 31, 37, 39, 40, and 44 significantly reduced the multiplication of the Y181C mutant, but they were inactive against K103R and K103N + Y181C mutants. Nevertheless, the fold increase in resistance of 41 was not greater than that of efavirenz against the K103R mutant in enzyme assays. The docking model predictions were consistent with in vitro biological assays of the anti-HIV-1 activity of the TCs and related compounds synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Ranise
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132 Genova, Italy.
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Collu G, Unver N, Peltenburg-Looman AM, van der Heijden R, Verpoorte R, Memelink J. Geraniol 10-hydroxylase, a cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis. FEBS Lett 2001; 508:215-20. [PMID: 11718718 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)03045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Geraniol 10-hydroxylase (G10H) is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the biosynthesis of iridoid monoterpenoids and several classes of monoterpenoid alkaloids found in a diverse range of plant species. Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) contains monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, several of which are pharmaceutically important. Vinblastine and vincristine, for example, find widespread use as anti-cancer drugs. G10H is thought to play a key regulatory role in terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis. We purified G10H from C. roseus cells. Using degenerate PCR primers based on amino acid sequence information we cloned the corresponding cDNA. The encoded CYP76B6 protein has G10H activity when expressed in C. roseus and yeast cells. The stress hormone methyljasmonate strongly induced G10h gene expression coordinately with other terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis genes in a C. roseus cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Collu
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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Smilda T, Lamme DA, Collu G, Jekel PA, Reinders P, Beintema JJ. Isolation of protease-free alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from Drosophila simulans and several homozygous and heterozygous Drosophila melanogaster variants. Biochem Genet 1998; 36:15-36. [PMID: 9562904 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018796002063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from several naturally occurring ADH variants of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans was isolated. Affinity chromatography with the ligand Cibacron Blue and elution with NAD+ showed similar behavior for D. melanogaster ADH-FF, ADH-71k, and D. simulans ADH. Introduction of a second Cibacron Blue affinity chromatography step, with gradient elution with NAD+, resulted in pure and stable enzymes. D. melanogaster ADH-SS cannot be eluted from the affinity chromatography column at a high concentration of NAD+ and required a pH gradient for its purification, preceded by a wash step with a high concentration of NAD+. Hybrid Drosophila melanogaster alcohol dehydrogenase FS has been isolated from heterozygous flies, using affinity chromatography with first elution at a high concentration NAD+, directly followed by affinity chromatography elution with a pH gradient. Incubation of equal amounts of pure homodimers of Drosophila melanogaster ADH-FF and ADH-SS, in the presence of 3 M urea at pH 8.6, for 30 min at room temperature, followed by reassociation yielded active Drosophila melanogaster ADH-FS heterodimers. No proteolytic degradation was found after incubation of purified enzyme preparations in the absence or presence of SDS, except for some degradation of ADH-SS after very long incubation times. The thermostabilities of D. melanogaster ADH-71k and ADH-SS were almost identical and were higher than those of D. melanogaster ADH-FF and D. simulans ADH. The thermostability of D. melanogaster ADH-FS was lower than those of D. melanogaster ADH-FF and ADH-SS. D. melanogaster ADH-FF and ADH-71k have identical inhibition constants with the ligand Cibacron Blue at pH 8.6, which are two times higher at pH 9.5. The Ki values for D. simulans ADH are three times lower at both pH values. D. melanogaster ADH-SS and ADH-FS have similar Ki values, which are lower than those for D. melanogaster ADH-FF at pH 8.6. But at pH 9.5 the Ki value for ADH-FS is the same as at pH 8.6, while that of ADH-SS is seven times higher. Kinetic parameters of Drosophila melanogaster ADH-FF, ADH-SS, and ADH-71k and Drosophila simulans ADH, at pH 8.6 and 9.5, showed little or no variation in K(m)eth values. The K(m)NAD values measured at pH 9.5 for Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenases are all lower than those measured at pH 8.6. The rate constants (kcat) determined for all four Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenases are higher at pH 9.5 than at pH 8.6. D. melanogaster ADH-FS showed nonlinear kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Smilda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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